Kushanda uye kungoita kudyara – zvishandiso, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira

Ndeipi nzira yekuisa uye inoshanda yekuisa mari, kwaunotanga kuita uye kungoisa mari, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira nzira yega yega. Muhupfumi hwemusika, pane akati wandei sarudzo dzinobatsira vanhu kuchengetedza nekuwedzera mari. Pamusoro pekugamuchira muhoro wevashandi vanohaiwa, kana purofiti kubva mukumhanyisa bhizinesi rako, unogona kuwedzera mari yako nekuita zvekudyara kana kuita. Chii icho, ndeapi mashandisi emari anofanirwa kushandiswa uye ndeapi mabhenefiti ekuita uye kuita mari, isu tichataura mune ino chinyorwa.

Chii chinonzi passive investing

Passive investing ndiko kuumbwa kweiyo portfolio yeakasiyana chengetedzo kwenguva yakareba. Passive investing inosiyana nemamwe marudzi ekudyara kwemari nekuti zvinotora nguva shoma uye kushanda nesimba kuita purofiti nerudzi urwu rwekudyara. Kana tikaenzanisa kudyara kwekuita nekudyara kwakasimba, saka mune yechipiri kesi, kuongororwa kwakakosha kwemusika kunodiwa, uye mune yekutanga, basa rakadaro harisi rekutanga. Pano, investor anongofanira kusarudza chiridzwa chakakodzera, kuita kugovera kwezvibatiso zvinoenderana neakasiyana paramita uye kumirira kuti mihoro igamuchirwe. Nekudyara kwepasirese, mushambadzi anogamuchira mari, iyo inotakura zita rimwechete – passive. Iyo poindi yese yezano remihoro yakadai iri mukuumbwa nemuridzi we block of shares, izvo mune ramangwana zvichaunza purofiti yakawanda yemari. Kana iyo portfolio yakaumbwa nemazvo, njodzi dzekurasikirwa dzichaderedzwa. Kwenguva yakareba, mashizha akakura achakwanisa kuvhara kudonhedzwa kwezvimwe zvivimbiso. Kusarudza kungoisa mari – zvakanakira nezvayakaipira: https://youtu.be/N7iOSQG4hz0

Chii chinoshingaira mari

Active investimendi inzira yekuisa mari, umo basa rekuongorora sarudzo dzekudyara uye kuita sarudzo pakutonga yavo yekudyara portfolio iri kune investor pachake. Sezvo mutemo, kushingaira kwekudyara kunoperekedzwa nedzimwe njodzi. Asi nerudzi urwu rwekudyara, purofiti inogona kuwanikwa nekukasira kupfuura mune yekungoita mari. Anoshanda investor anogona kuita purofiti chete nerubatsiro rweruzivo rwake, hunyanzvi, kuedza uye nguva. Semuenzaniso, kana uchiwana migove mune rimwe bhizinesi, zvakakosha kuti unyatso kudzidza musika uye hupfumi hwesangano kuitira kuti unzwisise mikana yemikana yekuwedzera kukosha kwezvikamu.

Ndezvipi zviridzwa zvemari zvinogadzira mari isingaite

Investment ine mari yakatarwa ndeyekudyara mumidziyo uko huwandu hwemari hunozozivikanwa pachine nguva. Iyi imari yekudyara inobvumidza iwe kuti ugamuchire mari yekungoita.

Deposits

Madhipoziti mumasangano emabhangi anounza mari yevanoisa mari, inoverengerwa sechikamu. Kubhadharwa kwemari yemubereko kunoitika pamutengo wepurofiti yakagamuchirwa nebhangi yekupa zvikwereti, kutengesa mari, zvibatiso, nezvimwewo. Kazhinji kazhinji, mitengo yedhipoziti inokwira zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa neiyo inflation yepamutemo. Naizvozvo, iyi mhando yedhipoziti yakakodzera kune avo vanoisa mari vanoda kuchengetedza mari yavo kubva mukuderera.

Musha

Kuisa mari mukutengesa zvivakwa ndeimwe sarudzo yekuchengetedza mari uye kuwana mari inogara iripo. Real estate iri kuramba ichiwedzera kukosha. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inogona kubhadharwa. Unogona kuisa mari mune zvese zvekugara uye zvekutengesa zvivakwa. Huwandu hwemari kubva mukudyara kwakadaro zvakananga zvinoenderana nekukwezva kwenzvimbo yevatengi nevanoroja. Kuti uite mari, unofanirwa kutenga imba, imba kana nzvimbo yekutengesa, wobva wairenda uye wogamuchira mari. Pane imwe nzira yekudyara mune real estate: kutengwa kwezvikamu zvemari yakavharwa.

Zvisungo

Bond chibatiso, IOU yekambani kana hurumende. Paunenge uchitenga bhondi, investor anokweretesa mari yake kwenguva yakati, uye obva agashira yakatarwa muzana yeiyi – coupon mari. Mushure mekupera kwenguva, mari yakasimwa inodzoserwa kune investor. Zvisungo zvine njodzi dzakadzikira uye mari inogara iripo ndeye federal loan bond. Nerudzi urwu rwekudyara, mudhipoziti anovimbiswa kugamuchira kudzoserwa kwechikwereti, sezvo zvivimbiso zvinopihwa nehurumende. Zvisungo zveCorporate zvinosanganisira zvisungo zvevagadziri, vagadziri vemota, nezvimwe. Semutemo, vanopa purofiti inosvika mapfumbamwe muzana. Asi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti nerudzi urwu rwekudyara kune dzimwe njodzi – kambani inogona kungoparara uye kusabhadhara chikwereti.

Exchange-kutengesa mari

ETFs mukana wakanaka wekutanga basa rako kune vatsva vanoita mari. Iyi nzira yakakodzera kune avo vanoda kutanga kuisa mari, asi havasati vaziva kuti vangazviita sei uye kwavanotanga rwendo rwavo. Kutengeserana pamisika yemasheya kunoitwa nenyanzvi, uye vatengesi vanongowana mari. Kusikwa kwemari yekuchinjana-yekutengeserana kunoitwa nemakambani ekutungamira: vanounganidza zvikwereti zvishoma zvekutsvaga mari, uye vatengesi vega vega vanowana chikamu mune mutual fund (
mutual investment fund ).

Dividend shares

Paunenge uchitenga mugove, mutengesi anogamuchira muridzi wechikamu chepfuma yekambani uye kodzero yekuwana migove kubva kune purofiti kana mupi achivabhadhara. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti kuisa mari mumasheya kune njodzi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuchinja nguva dzose mukukosha kwavo. Hazvibviri kunyatsoona zvibereko pazvivimbiso izvi.

Zvishandiso zvekushandisa mari

Kuti ushingaire kuisa mari, unogona:

• kutengesa masheya pamusika kuburikidza nemabroker;
• gadzira bhizinesi rako pachako;
• tenga bhizinesi rekutengesa;
• isa mari mukuvimbisa kwekutanga.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, investor anogona kutenga mabhondi uye kuita purofiti kubva kwavari.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zverudzi rwese rwekudyara

Funga nezvezvakanaka uye zvakaipa mativi eimwe neimwe yemhando idzi dzekudyara.

Active investment

Zvazvakanakira:

1. Yakawanda inogona purofiti . Chinangwa chikuru chevashandi vanoita mari ndechekurova misika yemasheya. Nzira yacho inosanganisira kuita mari yakawanda kana misika yakwira uye kurasikirwa nediki.
2. Kuchinja kukuru . Kunyangwe munhu anodyara mari achibata mari yake ega kana kushanda neanoshanda manejimendi capital, pachagara paine kuchinjika nekudyara kwakasimba. Iyo depositor ine mukana wekuendesa mari kune chaiwo zvikamu zvehupfumi, tichifunga nezvezvino mamiriro emari;
3. Nhamba huru yemikana yekudyara .

Ehe, kushingaira kuisa mari zvakare kune zvakukanganisa zvakanyanya:

• njodzi dzakakwirira dzinogona kuitika;
• yakawedzera mari.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kushingaira kwekudyara kunoda kushanda nesimba. Pano iwe unofanirwa kugara uchitevera nhau dzehupfumi uye misika, kudzidza nzira dzekudyara, etc. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutyairi haagamuchiri chero vimbiso yekuti izvi zvichabereka zvibereko.

Passive Investing

Pros of passive investing:

1. Kuita purofiti kuri nyore zvikuru . Vashandi vanoshingaira vanofanira kugara vachitarisa bhizinesi uye nhau dzemusika, pamwe nekugara vachiita imwe nhamba yekutengeserana mupotfolio yavo pachavo. Kudyara kwakasimba kunotora nguva yakareba kwazvo kutengesa, nepo vanoisa mari vanongopedza maawa akati wandei gore rega rega vachichengetedza mari yavo;
2. Njodzi dzakaderedzwa . Vanoita mari vari panjodzi huru yekutengesa mari yavo panguva isiriyo kana kuitenga kana musika uri pamusoro. Mukudyara kwepasirese, vanoisa mari vanowana mainvestimenti vozvibatira ivo pachavo. Passive investimendi havafanirwe kunetseka nezvekutengesa mari yavo panguva isiriyo, nekuti ivo vanogona kuvimba nekuwedzera kwakasimba kwenguva refu;
3. Yakachipa chimiro chekudyara . Passive investimendi havabhadhare mari yetransaction iyo vatengesi vanoshanda vanogara vachibhadhara. Vatengesi vePassive vanogona kuchengetedza mari yavo mune index index, iyo inowanzochaja yakatenderedza 0.10%, uye dzimwe nguva zvishoma. Kunyangwe vatengesi vekudyara vanongoita basa ravo nemaneja ekudyara vanowanzobhadhara makomisheni mashoma pane avo vanoita bhizinesi nevanoshandira maneja ekudyara.

Nekudaro, pane zvisizvo pano zvakare:

• Pundutso yakaderera zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nekuita mari . Vatengesi vasingaiti vanowanzoedza kutevera musika, kwete kuupfuura. Vatambi vane ruzivo vanoita kutengeserana nguva dzose vanogona kuona kukura kwemusika, nekuda kwavanotambira mari hombe. Passive investing kazhinji inowana avhareji yekudzoka.
• Hapana dziviriro pakudonha kwemusika kwenguva pfupi . Mukudyara kwepasirese, vatengesi havatengesi zvinzvimbo masheya asati adonha mukukosha. Vanowanzofara kuti vari kusangana nekukwira nekudzika kwemusika.

Nzira yekuisa mari inogona kunyanya kuoma kuchengetedza kana nhau dzehupfumi dzichiwedzera kuderera, kukosha kunotanga kudonha sezvo vatengesi vanoshanda vanobvisa uye chishuwo chekuita chinokura chakasimba. Kushanda kana kungoita mari yekudyara: chii mutsauko – https://youtu.be/K8kwYb8XYFA

Ndeipi sarudzo yekudyara yakakunakira: inoshanda kana kungoita

Ndeupi rudzi rwekudyara rwekusarudza – munhu wese anofanira kuzvisarudzira. Kudivi rekungoita mari yekuisa mari ndeyekuti investor achakwanisa kuwana yakavimbiswa musika kudzoka (hongu, minus madiki makomisheni nemitero) uye iyo mari pachayo haizodi nguva yakawanda. Kana tichitaura nezvekuita mari inoshingaira, muchirevo mutengesi ane mukana wekupfuura pamusika, asi mukana wekuita purofiti yakanaka munguva refu iduku zvikuru. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vatengesi vanoshingaira vanofanira kupedza nguva yakawanda vachidzidza kuongororwa kwemashizha uye izvi hazvizogumiri ipapo – mukati mekuita, nguva dzose uye nguva dzose kuongororwa kwezvivimbiso zvichadiwa. Zvechokwadi, haasi munhu wose anogona kuita izvi. Zvingangodaro, zano rakadaro rakakodzera kune vanhu vanogona kuongorora uye kuedza kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva. Kusvika ikozvino, iwe unogona kuona kwakawanda kukakavara pamusoro pekungoita uye kushanda kwekudyara. Asi zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chinangwa chekupedzisira chemutengesi chero upi zvake hachisi chekupfuura pamusika, asi kuzadzisa chinangwa chemari. Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvidiwi kukwikwidzana nemusika.
Zvechokwadi, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekudyara. Mumwe munhu anosarudza kutora chinzvimbo chekushanda, vamwe vanotarisa pakuwana uye kubata mari yakafanana kwenguva yakareba, uyezve vamwe vanoedza kubatanidza nzira mbiri idzi. Ehe, vanhu vazhinji vanogona kunge vakanaka nekudyara kusingaite, asi hapana chakakanganisika nekuisa parutivi chikamu chidiki chepodfolio yako uye kuyedza nekutengesa kunoshanda kakati wandei.