Gushora mubikorwa kandi byoroshye – ibikoresho, ibyiza nibibi

Nubuhe buryo bworoshye kandi bukora muburyo bwo gushora imari, aho watangirira gushora ibikorwa kandi byoroshye, ibyiza nibibi bya buri buryo. Mu bukungu bwisoko, hari uburyo bwinshi bufasha abantu kubungabunga no kongera igishoro. Usibye kubona umushahara wumurimo wahawe akazi, cyangwa inyungu ziva mu bucuruzi bwawe, urashobora kongera amafaranga yawe ukoresheje ishoramari rito cyangwa rikora. Niki, ibikoresho byimari bigomba gukoreshwa niyihe nyungu zo gushora imari kandi ikora, tuzabivuga muriki kiganiro.

Ishoramari ryonyine

Gushora imari gusa ni ugushiraho portfolio yimigabane itandukanye mugihe kirekire. Gushora imari itandukanye nubundi bwoko bwishoramari ryimari kuko bisaba igihe n’imbaraga nke kugirango ubone inyungu nubu bwoko bwishoramari. Niba tugereranije ishoramari ryoroheje nishoramari rikora, noneho murwego rwa kabiri, harasabwa isesengura ryibanze ryisoko, kandi muburyo bwa mbere, imirimo nkiyi ntabwo isabwa. Hano, umushoramari agomba gusa guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye, gukora ikwirakwizwa ryimpapuro ukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye hanyuma agategereza ko inyungu yakirwa. Hamwe nishoramari ryonyine, umushoramari yakira amafaranga yinjiza, azitwa izina rimwe – pasiporo. Ingingo yose yingamba zibyo byinjiza iri mu ishingwa ryumushoramari uhagarika imigabane, ibyo mugihe kizaza bizazana inyungu nyinshi zamafaranga. Niba portfolio ikozwe neza, ingaruka zigihombo zizagabanuka. Mugihe kirekire, ububiko bwakuze buzashobora gupfukirana kugabanuka kwizindi mpapuro. Guhitamo ishoramari ryiza – ibyiza n’ibibi: https://youtu.be/N7iOSQG4hz0

Igishoro gikora iki

Ishoramari rifatika nuburyo bwo gushora amafaranga, aho inshingano zo gushakisha uburyo bwo gushora imari no gufata ibyemezo byo gucunga imishinga yabo ishoramari ari umushoramari ubwe. Nkuko bisanzwe, ishoramari rikora riherekezwa ningaruka zimwe. Ariko hamwe nubu bwoko bwishoramari, inyungu irashobora kuboneka byihuse kuruta mubyinjira byinjira. Umushoramari ukora arashobora kubona inyungu gusa abifashijwemo nubumenyi bwe, ubuhanga, imbaraga nigihe. Kurugero, mugihe ubonye imigabane mubucuruzi runaka, ni ngombwa kwiga witonze isoko nubukungu bwumuryango kugirango wumve amahirwe yicyizere cyo kongera agaciro k imigabane.

Ni ibihe bikoresho by’imari byinjiza amafaranga gusa

Ishoramari rifite amafaranga ateganijwe ni ishoramari mumitungo aho umubare winjiza uzamenyekana mbere. Nibishoramari byonyine nibyo bigufasha kubona amafaranga yinjiza.

Kubitsa

Kubitsa mubigo byamabanki bizana abashoramari amafaranga yinjiza, abarwa nkijanisha. Kwishura umubare w’inyungu bibaho biturutse ku nyungu yakiriwe na banki yo gutanga inguzanyo, kugurisha amafaranga, kugurizanya, n’ibindi. Akenshi, igipimo cyo kubitsa kiri hejuru gato ugereranije n’ifaranga ryemewe. Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwo kubitsa burakwiriye kubashoramari bifuza kubuza amafaranga yabo guta agaciro.

Umutungo utimukanwa

Gushora mumitungo itimukanwa nubundi buryo bwo kuzigama amafaranga no kubona amafaranga ahoraho. Umutungo utimukanwa uhora wiyongera mubiciro. Mubindi bintu, irashobora gukodeshwa. Urashobora gushora mumitungo yombi yo guturamo nubucuruzi. Umubare w’amafaranga ava muri iryo shoramari biterwa neza n’ubwiza bw’umutungo ku baguzi no ku bakodesha. Kugira ngo ushore imari, ugomba kugura igorofa, inzu cyangwa inzu yubucuruzi, hanyuma ukayikodesha ukakira amafaranga. Hariho ubundi buryo bwo gushora imari mumitungo itimukanwa: kugura imigabane yimari ifunze.

Ingwate

Inkunga ni umutekano, IOU ya sosiyete cyangwa guverinoma. Iyo uguze ingwate, umushoramari atanga inguzanyo mugihe runaka, hanyuma akakira ijanisha ryagenwe kuri ibi – amafaranga yinjiza. Igihe kirangiye, amafaranga yashowe asubizwa umushoramari. Inguzanyo zifite ingaruka nkeya kandi ninjiza zihoraho ni inguzanyo zinguzanyo. Hamwe nubu bwoko bwishoramari, uwabitsa yemerewe kubona inguzanyo, kubera ko ingwate zitangwa na leta. Isosiyete isanzwe ikubiyemo imigabane yabateza imbere, abakora imodoka, nibindi. Nkuko bisanzwe, batanga inyungu zigera ku icyenda ku ijana. Ariko ni ngombwa kumva ko hamwe nubu bwoko bwishoramari hari ingaruka zimwe – isosiyete irashobora guhomba gusa ntishyure umwenda.

Amafaranga yagurishijwe

ETF ni amahirwe akomeye yo gutangira umwuga wawe kubashoramari bashya. Ubu buryo burakwiriye kubashaka gutangira gushora imari, ariko bakaba bataramenya kubikora n’aho batangirira urugendo. Ibicuruzwa ku isoko ryimigabane bikorwa nababigize umwuga, kandi abashoramari bakira gusa amafaranga. Gushiraho amafaranga yagurishijwe bikorwa bikorwa namasosiyete yubuyobozi: bakusanya imishinga ishora imari muke, kandi abashoramari bigenga bagira imigabane mumigabane (
ikigega cyo gushora imari ).

Kugabana imigabane

Iyo uguze umugabane, umushoramari yakira nyirubwite igice cyumutungo wikigo nuburenganzira bwo kugabana inyungu ninyungu iyo uwabitanze abishyuye. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumva ko gushora mubigega bishobora guteza akaga. Ibi biterwa nimpinduka zihoraho mugaciro kazo. Ntibishoboka kumenya neza umusaruro kuri izo mpapuro.

Ibikoresho byo gushora imari

Kugira ngo ushore imari, urashobora:

• ububiko bwubucuruzi ku isoko binyuze mu bunzi;
• shiraho umushinga wawe;
• kugura ubucuruzi bwa francise;
• gushora imari mu gutangiza ibyiringiro.

Mubindi bintu, umushoramari arashobora kugura inguzanyo kandi akabyungukiramo.

Ibyiza n’ibibi bya buri bwoko bw’ishoramari

Reba impande nziza kandi mbi za buri bwoko bwishoramari.

Ishoramari rifatika

Ibyiza:

1. Inyungu zikomeye . Intego nyamukuru yabashoramari bakora ni ugutsinda isoko ryimigabane. Uburyo bukubiyemo gukora amafaranga menshi mugihe isoko ryazamutse no gutakaza bito.
2. Guhinduka gukomeye . Niba umushoramari acunga amafaranga yabo wenyine cyangwa agakorana nigishoro gikora, hazajya habaho guhinduka hamwe nishoramari rikora. Uwabitsa afite amahirwe yo kohereza amafaranga mu nzego zihariye z’ubukungu, urebye uko ubukungu bwifashe muri iki gihe;
3. Umubare munini w’amahirwe yo gushora imari .

Nibyo, gushora mubikorwa nabyo bifite ibibi byingenzi:

• ingaruka zishobora kuba nyinshi;
• ibiciro byiyongereye.

Mubindi bintu, ishoramari rikora risaba imbaraga nyinshi. Hano ugomba guhora ukurikirana amakuru yubukungu nisoko, ukiga uburyo bwishoramari, nibindi. Muri icyo gihe, umushoramari ntazabona garanti yerekana ko ibyo bizera imbuto.

Gushora imari

Ibyiza byo gushora imari gusa:

1. Kubona inyungu biroroshye cyane . Abashoramari bakora cyane bagomba guhora bakurikirana amakuru yubucuruzi nisoko, kimwe no gukora buri gihe umubare runaka wubucuruzi mu nshingano zabo bonyine. Ishoramari rifatika rifata igihe kinini cyane mubucuruzi, mugihe abashoramari bonyine bamara amasaha abiri gusa buri mwaka bakomeza ishoramari ryabo;
2. Kugabanya ingaruka . Abashoramari bakora bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugurisha ishoramari ryabo mugihe kitari cyo cyangwa kubigura mugihe isoko rigeze hejuru. Mu gushora byimazeyo, abashoramari babona ishoramari kandi barifata ubwabo. Abashoramari bonyine ntibagomba guhangayikishwa no kugurisha ishoramari ryabo mugihe kitari cyo, kuko bashobora kwiringira kwiyongera gahoro gahoro mugihe kirekire;
3. Uburyo buhendutse bwo gushora imari . Abashoramari bonyine ntibishyura amafaranga yubucuruzi abashoramari bakora buri gihe bishyura. Abacuruzi batambuka barashobora kubika amafaranga yabo mubigega byerekana, ubusanzwe bishyura hafi 0,10%, kandi rimwe na rimwe bikaba bike. Ndetse n’abacuruzi bashora imari bakora akazi kabo nabashinzwe ishoramari akenshi bishyura komisiyo nke ugereranije nabakora ubucuruzi nabashinzwe ishoramari bakora.

Ariko, hano haribibi nabyo:

• Inyungu iri hasi cyane ugereranije nishoramari rikora . Abacuruzi bonyine bakunze kugerageza gukurikira isoko, ntibayirenze. Abakinnyi b’inararibonye bakora ubucuruzi buri gihe barashobora kumenya iterambere ryisoko, babikesha amafaranga menshi. Ishoramari ryoroheje risanzwe ryunguka.
• Nta burinzi bwo kugabanuka kw’isoko rigufi . Mu gushora imari gusa, abacuruzi ntibagurisha imyanya mbere yuko igicuruzwa kigabanuka. Mubisanzwe bishimira ko bahura nibidindiza isoko.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gushora imari burashobora kugorana cyane kubikomeza mugihe amakuru yubukungu amaze kuba mubi, agaciro gatangira kugabanuka mugihe abacuruzi bakorana ingwate kandi ubushake bwo gufata ingamba bugenda bukomera. Ishoramari rikora cyangwa ryitondewe: ni irihe tandukaniro – https://youtu.be/K8kwYb8XYFA

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushora imari bubereye: ukora cyangwa pasiporo

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ishoramari guhitamo – buri wese agomba kwihitiramo wenyine. Kuruhande rwishoramari ryihuse ni uko umushoramari azashobora kubona isoko ryizewe (birumvikana ko hakuyemo komisiyo ntoya n’imisoro) kandi ishoramari ubwaryo ntirisaba igihe kinini. Niba tuvuze gushora mubikorwa, mubyukuri umucuruzi afite amahirwe yo kurenga ku isoko, ariko amahirwe yo kubona inyungu nziza mugihe kirekire ni make cyane. Mubindi bintu, abacuruzi bakora cyane bakeneye kumara umwanya munini biga isesengura ryimigabane kandi ibyo ntibizagarukira aho – mugihe cyose, hazakenerwa isesengura rihoraho kandi rihoraho. Birumvikana ko abantu bose badashobora gukora ibi. Birashoboka cyane, ingamba nkizo zirakwiriye kubantu bashobora gusesengura no guharanira kwiga ikintu gishya. Kugeza ubu, urashobora kubona impaka nyinshi zijyanye no gushora imari kandi ikora. Ariko ni ngombwa kumva ko intego nyamukuru yumucuruzi uwo ari we wese atari ukurenza isoko, ahubwo ni ukugera ku ntego yimari. Igihe kimwe, ntabwo ari ngombwa guhatanira isoko.
Birumvikana ko hari inzira nyinshi zo gushora imari. Umuntu yahisemo gufata umwanya ufatika, abandi bakibanda ku gushaka no gufata ishoramari rimwe igihe kirekire, abandi bakagerageza guhuza izi nzira zombi. Birumvikana ko abantu benshi bashobora kuba bameze neza mugushora imari gusa, ariko nta kibi kiri mugushira ku ruhande agace gato ka portfolio yawe no kugerageza gucuruza gukora inshuro ebyiri.