Ukutshala imali okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho – amathuluzi, okuhle nokubi

Iyiphi indlela yokutshala imali engenzi lutho futhi esebenzayo, ukuthi ungaqala kuphi ukutshala imali okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho, izinzuzo nezingozi zendlela ngayinye. Emnothweni wemakethe, kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezisiza abantu ukuthi balondoloze futhi bakhulise imali. Ukwengeza ekutholeni iholo lomsebenzi oqashiwe, noma inzuzo ngokuqhuba ibhizinisi lakho, ungakhuphula iholo lakho ngokufaka imali engenzi lutho noma esebenzayo. Kuyini, yiziphi izinsimbi zezezimali okufanele zisetshenziswe futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zokutshala izimali ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo, sizokutshela kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini ukutshala imali okwenziwayo

Ukutshalwa kwezimali okungenzi lutho kuwukwakhiwa kwephothifoliyo yezibambiso ezihlukahlukene isikhathi eside. Ukutshala imali okungenzi lutho kuyahluka kwezinye izinhlobo zokutshalwa kwezimali ngoba kuthatha isikhathi esincane nomzamo ukwenza inzuzo ngalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali. Uma siqhathanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo nokutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo, khona-ke esimweni sesibili, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kwemakethe kuyadingeka, futhi esimweni sokuqala, umsebenzi onjalo awuyona imfuneko. Lapha, umtshali-zimali kufanele akhethe ithuluzi elilungile kuphela, enze ukusatshalaliswa kwezibambiso ngokuya ngamapharamitha ahlukahlukene futhi alinde ukuthola imali etholwayo. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okungenzi lutho, umtshali-zimali uthola imali engenayo, ezobizwa ngegama elifanayo – i-passive. Iphuzu lonke lesu lemali etholwayo lilele ekwakhekeni komtshali-zimali webhulokhi yamasheya, okuzoletha inzuzo enkulu yemali esikhathini esizayo. Uma iphothifoliyo yakhiwe ngendlela efanele, ubungozi bokulahlekelwa buzoncishiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside, amasheya akhulile azokwazi ukumboza ukudonswa kwezinye izibambiso. Ukukhetha ukutshalwa kwezimali okungenzi lutho – okuhle nokubi: https://youtu.be/N7iOSQG4hz0

Kuyini utshalomali olusebenzayo

Ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo kuyindlela yokutshala imali, lapho umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola izinketho zokutshala izimali nokwenza izinqumo zokuphatha iphothifoliyo yabo yokutshalwa kwezimali ulele kumtshali-zimali ngokwakhe. Njengomthetho, ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo kuhambisana nezingozi ezithile. Kodwa ngalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali, inzuzo ingatholwa ngokushesha kakhulu kunasesimeni semali engenayo. Umtshali-zimali osebenzayo angenza inzuzo kuphela ngosizo lolwazi lwakhe, amakhono, imizamo kanye nesikhathi. Isibonelo, lapho uthola amasheya ebhizinisini elithile, kubalulekile ukufunda ngokucophelela imakethe nezomnotho wenhlangano ukuze uqonde amathuba amathemba okwandisa inani lamasheya.

Imaphi amathuluzi ezezimali adala imali engenayo

Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunemali engenayo engashintshi ukutshalwa kwezimali ezimpahleni lapho inani lemali engenayo lizokwaziwa kusengaphambili. Yilokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okukuvumela ukuthi uthole imali engenayo.

Idiphozithi

Idiphozithi ezikhungweni zamabhange iletha abatshalizimali imali engenayo, ebalwa njengephesenti. Ukukhokhwa kwenani lenzalo kwenzeka ngezindleko zenzuzo etholwe yibhange ngokuhlinzeka ngemalimboleko, ukudayisa izimali, izibambiso, njll. Ngokuvamile, amanani ediphozithi aphezulu uma eqhathaniswa nokwehla kwamandla emali okusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwediphozi lufanele labo abatshalizimali abafisa ukugcina izimali zabo ekwehleni.

Ukuthengisa izindlu

Ukutshala imali kwizindlu ezithengiswayo kungenye indlela yokonga imali kanye nokuthola imali engenayo engapheli. Izindlu ezithengiswayo zikhula njalo ngenani. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingaqashwa. Ungatshala kuzo zombili izindawo zokuhlala nezohwebo. Inani lemali engenayo evela ekutshalweni kwezimali okunjalo ngokuqondile lincike ekuthandeni kwendawo kubathengi nabaqashi. Ukuze utshale imali, udinga ukuthenga indawo yokuhlala, indlu noma indawo yokuthengisa, bese uyiqashisa futhi uthole imali engenayo. Kukhona enye indlela yokutshala izimali ku-real estate: ukuthengwa kwamasheya ezimali ezivaliwe.

Amabhondi

Ibhondi iyisibambiso, i-IOU yenkampani noma uhulumeni. Lapho uthenga ibhondi, umtshali-zimali uboleka imali yakhe isikhathi esithile, bese ethola iphesenti elinqunyiwe lalokhu – imali engenayo yekhuphoni. Ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, izimali ezitshaliwe zibuyiselwa kumtshali-zimali. Amabhondi anezingozi ezincishisiwe kanye nemali engenayo eqhubekayo angamabhondi emalimboleko yenhlangano. Ngalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali, ofake idiphozi uqinisekisiwe ukuthola ukubuyiselwa kwemali mboleko, njengoba iziqinisekiso zinikezwa umbuso. Amabhondi ezinkampani afaka amabhondi onjiniyela, abakhiqizi bezimoto, njll. Njengomthetho, banikela ngenzuzo efika kumaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali kunezingozi ezithile – inkampani ingase ivele iphelelwe imali futhi ingasikhokhi isikweletu.

Izimali ezihwebayo

Ama-ETF ayithuba elihle lokuqala umsebenzi wakho kubatshalizimali abasha. Le ndlela ilungele labo abafuna ukuqala ukutshala imali, kodwa abangakakwazi ukuthi bangayenza kanjani nokuthi bazoqala kuphi uhambo lwabo. Ukuthengiselana ezimakethe zesitoko kwenziwa ngochwepheshe, futhi abatshalizimali bavele bathole imali engenayo. Ukwakhiwa kwezimali ezihweba ngokuhwebelana kwenziwa yizinkampani zokuphatha: ziqoqa iphothifoliyo yokutshala izimali ezinobungozi obuncane, futhi abatshalizimali abazimele bathola ingxenye yesikhwama sokubambisana (
mutual investment fund ).

Izabelo zezabelo

Lapho uthenga isabelo, umtshali-zimali uthola ubunikazi bengxenye yendawo yenkampani kanye nelungelo lokuthola izabelo ezivela enzuzweni uma umnikezeli ezikhokha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukutshala imali ezitokisini kuyingozi. Lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha njalo kwenani lazo. Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ngokunembile isivuno kulezi zibambiso.

Amathuluzi otshalomali olusebenzayo

Ukuze utshale imali ngokugcwele, ungakwazi:

• ukuhweba ngamasheya emakethe ngokusebenzisa ama-broker;
• zenzele elakho ibhizinisi;
• thenga ibhizinisi le-franchise;
• tshala imali ekuqaliseni okuthembisayo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umtshali-zimali angathenga amabhondi futhi enze inzuzo ngawo.

Izinzuzo nobubi bohlobo ngalunye lokutshalwa kwezimali

Cabangela izinhlangothi ezinhle nezingezinhle zalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo

Okuhle:

1. Inzuzo enkulu engaba khona . Umgomo oyinhloko wabatshalizimali abasebenzayo ukushaya imakethe yamasheya. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukwenza amanani amakhulu lapho imakethe iphezulu futhi ilahlekelwa amancane.
2. Ukuvumelana nezimo okukhulu . Ukuthi umtshali-zimali uphatha imali yakhe yedwa noma usebenza ngemali yokuphatha esebenzayo, kuyohlale kukhona ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ngokutshala imali okusebenzayo. Umfaki-mali unethuba lokudlulisela izimali emikhakheni ethile yezomnotho, ecabangela isimo samanje sezezimali;
3. Inani elikhulu lamathuba okutshala imali .

Vele, ukutshala imali okusebenzayo nakho kunezinkinga zakho ezibalulekile:

• izingozi ezingenzeka kakhulu;
• ukwanda kwezindleko.

Phakathi kokunye, ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo kudinga umzamo owengeziwe. Lapha udinga ukulandela njalo izindaba zomnotho kanye nemakethe, ukutadisha izindlela zokutshala izimali, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umtshali-zimali ngeke athole noma yiziphi iziqinisekiso zokuthi lokhu kuzothela izithelo.

I-Passive Investing

Izinzuzo zokutshala imali okungenzi lutho:

1. Ukwenza inzuzo kulula kakhulu . Abatshalizimali abakhuthele kumele bahlale beqapha izindaba zebhizinisi nezemakethe, futhi njalo benze inani elithile lemisebenzi kuphothifoliyo yabo bebodwa. Ukutshala imali okusebenzayo kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuhweba, kuyilapho abatshalizimali abangenzi lutho bachitha amahora ambalwa kuphela unyaka ngamunye benakekela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo;
2. Izingozi ezincishisiwe . Abatshalizimali abakhuthele basengozini enkulu yokuthengisa izimali zabo ezitshaliwe ngesikhathi esingafanele noma ukuzithenga lapho imakethe isisezingeni eliphezulu. Ekutshaleni imali okungenamsebenzi, abatshalizimali bathola ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi bazibambele bona. Abatshalizimali abangenzi lutho akudingeki bakhathazeke ngokuthengisa izimali zabo ngesikhathi esingalungile, ngoba bangathembela ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo esikhathini eside;
3. Indlela eshibhile yokutshala imali . Abatshalizimali abangenzi lutho abazikhokhi izimali ezikhokhwa njalo abatshalizimali abasebenzayo. Abathengisi abangenzi lutho bangagcina izimali zabo ezimalini zenkomba, ezivame ukukhokhisa cishe u-0.10%, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi. Ngisho nabadayisi bokutshalwa kwezimali abangenzi lutho abenza umsebenzi wabo nabaphathi bokutshalwa kwezimali bavame ukukhokha amakhomishini amancane kunalabo abenza ibhizinisi nabaphathi abasebenzayo bokutshalwa kwezimali.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona okungalungile lapha futhi:

• Inzuzo iphansi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokutshala imali okusebenzayo . Abadayisi abangenzi lutho bavame ukuzama ukulandela imakethe, hhayi ukuyidlula kahle. Abadlali abanolwazi abenza ukuhweba njalo banganquma ukukhula kwemakethe, ngenxa yokuthi bathola izizumbulu zemali. Ukutshala imali okungenzi lutho ngokuvamile kuzuza imbuyiselo emaphakathi.
• Asikho isivikelo ekwehleni kwezimakethe zesikhashana . Ekutshaleni imali okungenamsebenzi, abathengisi abazithengisi izikhundla ngaphambi kokuba isitoko sehle ngenani. Imvamisa bayajabula ngokuthi bahlangabezana nokwehla nokwenyuka kwemakethe.

Indlela engenzi lutho yokutshala imali ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuyigcina lapho izindaba zezomnotho ziba mfiliba, inani liqala ukwehla njengoba abadayisi abakhuthele bekhipha ibheyili futhi isifiso sokuthatha isinyathelo sikhula ngamandla. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo noma okungenzi lutho: uyini umehluko – https://youtu.be/K8kwYb8XYFA

Iyiphi inketho yokutshala imali ekulungele: esebenzayo noma engenzi lutho

Hlobo luni lokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele ukhethe – wonke umuntu kufanele azinqumele. Ohlangothini lokutshalwa kwezimali olwenziwayo ukuthi umtshali-zimali uzokwazi ukuthola imbuyiselo eqinisekisiwe yemakethe (yebo, susa amakhomishini amancane nezintela) futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali ngokwako ngeke kudinga isikhathi esiningi. Uma sikhuluma ngokutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo, ngombono umhwebi unethuba lokudlula imakethe, kodwa ithuba lokuthola inzuzo enhle esikhathini eside lincane kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abathengisi abakhuthele badinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi befunda ukuhlaziywa kwamasheya futhi lokhu ngeke kuphele lapho – kuyo yonke inqubo, ukuhlaziya okuvamile nokuqhubekayo kwezibambiso kuzodingeka. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwenza lokhu. Ngokunokwenzeka, isu elinjalo lifaneleka kubantu abangakwazi ukuhlaziya futhi balwele ukufunda okuthile okusha. Kuze kube manje, ungabona izimpikiswano eziningi mayelana nokutshala imali okungenzi lutho nokusebenzayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umgomo omkhulu wanoma yimuphi umthengisi awukona ukudlula imakethe, kodwa ukufeza umgomo wezezimali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingekile ukuncintisana nemakethe.
Yebo, ziningi izindlela zokutshala imali. Omunye unquma ukuthatha isikhundla esisebenzayo, abanye bagxila ekutholeni nasekubambeni izimali ezifanayo isikhathi eside, kanti abanye bazama ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela ezimbili. Yebo, abantu abaningi kungenzeka baziphathe kahle ngokutshala imali okwenziwayo, kodwa akukho lutho olungalungile ngokubeka eceleni ingxenye encane yephothifoliyo yakho bese uzama ukuhweba okusebenzayo izikhathi ezimbalwa.