IPsychology of poverty: izinxibi zithandazela ukuthi ubumpofu bazo buqinisekiswe

I-psychology yobumpofu nokucabanga komuntu ompofu, inkimbinkimbi yokuntuleka kwemali nobumpofu – kungani abantu abampofu beheha ubumpofu, futhi abantu abacebile baheha imali. Ake sizame ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yini okufanele uyenze ngakho uma inkimbinkimbi yezinxibi ikuhlupha? I-athikili idalwe ngokusekelwe ochungechungeni lokuthunyelwe okuvela esiteshini se-OpexBot Telegram , okungezwe ngumbono wombhali kanye nombono we-AI.

Wake wazibuza yini ukuthi kungani abacebile beceba, kuyilapho abampofu bengenakukwazi ukubalekela usizi lobumpofu?

Esinye sezizathu sachazwa nguRichard Thaler futhi wasibiza ngokuthi “umphumela wengcebo wokuqala.” Uma ubuthanda izindaba ezinde esikoleni, bheka incwadi ethi “Imibono Eyisisekelo Yezwe Lezezimali.” Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo”: Peter Bernstein. Kulabo abathanda ukulandisa okufushane, ngizosho ingqikithi. URichard Thaler wenze ucwaningo lokuhlola ukuntuleka kokucabanga okungaguquki kwezezimali. ✔ Umeme iqembu labafundi ukuthi licabange ukuthi ngamunye wabo uwine u-30 USD. Bese kuba nezinketho ezimbili: phonsa uhlamvu lwemali futhi, kuye ngokuthi luvela ngamakhanda noma umsila, thola oluningi noma unikeze u-9.00. Noma ungaphenyi nhlobo uhlamvu lwemali. U-70% wezifundo unqume ukuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali. ✔ Ngosuku olulandelayo uThaler waphakamisa lesi simo kubafundi. Inhloko-dolobha yabo yokuqala inguziro, bese ukhetha okukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo: phonsa uhlamvu lwemali bese uthola u-$39 uma luhlala emakhanda, noma u-$21 uma luhlala emisileni. Noma ungayiyeki futhi uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzothola u-$30. Bangama-43% kuphela abafundi abavumile ukujikijela engozini, abanye bancamela ukuwina okuqinisekisiwe. Iphuzu liwukuthiumphumela UFANA. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqala ngo-$30 noma kusukela ku-zero, ukuwina okungenzeka isikhathi ngasinye kuqhathaniswa nenani eliqinisekisiwe. Abafundi, nokho, bakhombisa izintandokazi ezahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela bakhombise ukuntula ukuguquguquka. UThaler ubize lokhu kungaboni ngasolinye “ngomphumela wengcebo wokuqala.” Uma unemali ephaketheni lakho, uvame ukuthatha izingozi. Uma ingenalutho, ungancamela ukuthatha u-30 USD ngesiqinisekiso, kunokudlala engcupheni yokuthola u-21 USD. Futhi lokhu akusona i-abstraction. Ezweni langempela, lo mphumela awubalulekile kangako. Futhi hhayi kuphela emkhakheni wezezimali. Kwabampofu, ubumpofu besikhathi eside obuzinzile buseduze “kunengozi” yokuceba, kodwa futhi nethuba lokulahlekelwa ipeni. Kunesifiso esinamandla sokulondoloza kunokwanda, nakuba kunezingozi ezithile. Lokhu kuphambene nomqondo, kodwa ukwesaba akulali. Kodwa akuzona zonke izinto ezingenathemba kangako. Ukuqwashisa ngenkinga kuyingxenye yesixazululo sayo. Uma ubukeka usangulukile, khona-ke lokhu akuyona ngisho inkinga, kodwa isici sokucabanga. Kusuka kulezi zinhlaka zokwenziwa okumele siqhamuke kuzo. Imikhuba yabampofu:

Ngendlela, ukuhlolwa: izisekelo zokuqonda ubumpofu nengcebo zachazwa yi-metronome

Ubumpofu buyathathelana, ngokunjalo nengcebo.Kwahlolwa. Ama-Metronome afakwe endaweni ehambayo, eqale ihamba nomaphi. Kancane kancane bavumelanisa ekuhambeni kwabo. Lokhu kusebenza nanoma iyiphi inombolo yama-metronome. Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela iningi elijike ngayo, inkundla nawo wonke umuntu uzoya lapho. Kuyafana nakubantu. Imvelo imenza umuntu. Udinga ukungena enkampanini efanele ukuze uvumelanise nabantu abaphumelele kahle futhi uthuthuke njalo! https://youtu.be/tJaTxfRPvGI Xosha abantu abadangele, abanobuthi, abangenazimiso kanye nabangamavila abangakwazi ukushwiba inkundla baye ohlangothini olungalungile.

Ngabe i-AI ewazi konke icabangani ngokucabanga komuntu ompofu nomuntu ocebile?

Ngezansi inhlanganisela yemibono yobuhlakani bokwenziwa kule mibuzo elandelayo: ukucabanga ngesinxibi, ukucabanga ngomuntu ocebile, inkimbinkimbi yomuntu ompofu, ukucabanga kobumpofu. Umbhalo ushintshiwe ngokuya ngamazinga wensiza ye-opexflow ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela umbono we-AI. Emphakathini wanamuhla, umqondo wobumpofu uhlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nokuntuleka kwamathuba ezinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, kunolunye uhlangothi, olungabalulekile kangako kule nkinga – i-psychology ehambisana nabantu abampofu. Ubumpofu bunomthelela onamandla esimweni sengqondo somuntu ngamunye, ukuziphatha kwakhe nokucabanga kwakhe. Imizwa yokungabi namandla, ukuzethemba nokungabi nathemba kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yalabo ababhekene nezinkinga zezimali.Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-psychology yobumpofu ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo. Izinkinga zezimali zingabangela ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okuqhubekayo, okubuye kube nomthelela omubi empilweni yomuntu engokomzimba nengokomzwelo. Ukungakhululeki okunjalo okungokwengqondo kungaholela ekwakhiweni kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhlukahlukene njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka nokuphazamiseka kokulala. Ukwengeza, ubumpofu bungabangela imiphumela engemihle ezinqubweni zokuqonda kanye nokwenza izinqumo eziphusile. Ukuhlale ubukela phansi isimo sakho semali kungaholela embonweni olinganiselwe wezinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo nezesikhathi eside, kanye nokuba buthakathaka kogqozi namathemba. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi i-psychology yobumpofu ingaholela ekwakhekeni kwezithombe ezingezinhle zomphakathi. Ukuvala ukuhlukumeza kanye nolaka ngezinye izikhathi kuba yimiphumela yokuphila endaweni ehlala ingasebenzi. Abantu abahluphekayo bangase babe nemizwa yokucasuka nokungabi nabulungisa, okungaholela emibhikishweni nasezingxabanweni zomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi i-psychology yobumpofu ayiyona into engenakugwemeka, futhi abantu abaningi bathola amandla okuphuma kulesi simo. Kubalulekile ukunikeza ukwesekwa, kokubili ngokwezimali nangokwengqondo, ukusiza labo ababhekene nobunzima. Ukucabangela i-psychology yobumpofu kubalulekile ekudaleni izinhlelo nokusekela okuzosiza abantu babhekane hhayi kuphela ngokwezimali, kodwa futhi ngokomzwelo. Akudingekile kuphela ukunikeza izinsiza ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi ukusiza ukubuyisela ukuzethemba nokholo emandleni omuntu. Ngakho, I-psychology yobumpofu iwudaba oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olunezici eziningi oludinga ukunakwa nokuhlaziywa. Kukhombisa ukuthi ngale kwezimali, ubumpofu bunomthelela omkhulu esimweni somqondo somuntu kanye nokuziphatha kwakhe. Ukuqaphela leli qiniso nokuthatha izinyathelo zokunikeza ukwesekwa kuyoba isinyathelo esiholela emphakathini onobulungiswa nonobuntu. Uphawu oluthakazelisayo mayelana nomehluko phakathi kokucabanga nezenzo zabantu abampofu nabacebile:

Futhi olunye ucwaningo mayelana nobumpofu, ingcebo kanye nomehluko phakathi kwabo: imali iqeda ubuhlungu hhayi ngokomfanekiso, kodwa empeleni

Ubumpofu bubuhlungu – bungokoqobo, buvutha futhi abubekezeleleki. Lolu lwazi luhlinzekwe wucwaningo lapho abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.3 abavela emazweni angu-146 babe yingxenye. Abahlanganyeli babuzwa ngeholo labo lanyanga zonke nokuthi ngabe bake babuzwa yini ubuhlungu boMNYAMA izolo. Abantu abahola kancane bezwa ubuhlungu kaningi. Izazi zezenhlalo ziye zaphetha ngokuthi ubuhlungu obungokomzimba bubangela ukungezwani kwengqondo phakathi kwezinga lokuphila lomphenduli kanye nesithombe esihle sezwe langaphandle. Ukucindezeleka, ukucasuka, ukucindezeleka, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic, ngenxa yalokho. Isizathu sesibili siwukuthi akubekezeleleki ngokomzwelo kumuntu, uma engaqiniseki ngekusasa, ukwanelisa izidingo eziyisisekelo, inombolo yomgomo wokuqala. Ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu, ubuchopho abukwazi ukubekezelela futhi ezinye zezinhlungu ezingokwengqondo “zihlanjululwe” ebuhlungu bomzimba.

Kwenziwani ngaleli qiniso?

Umbono wami ucacile: ukuqeda ubuhlungu, udinga ukwelapha imbangela yabo. Finyelela izinga lempilo lapho isimo sakho somzwelo sizinzile. Noma zijwayelane neqiniso lezimila futhi ulahle imigomo ephakeme. Kodwa lokhu kumayelana nokukhulula izimpawu. Futhi lesi isilinganiso esingasebenzi futhi sesikhashana. Umnqobi ngisho.