Kuvunja kwa NASDAQ: indangagaciro, ububiko, amagambo yerekana uburyo bwo gucuruza umushoramari wu Burusiya

Mu 1971, NASDAQ yahinduye imicungire mibi y’amasoko y’imari itangiza isoko rya mbere rya elegitoroniki ku isi. Nyuma yimyaka 50, ibaye imwe mu magorofa manini y’ubucuruzi ku isi. Uyu munsi, NASDAQ ishushanya udushya no gukura.

Niki NASDAQ ihanahana – urubuga ruzobereye mu migabane yamasosiyete yubuhanga buhanitse

NASDAQ ni urubuga rwubucuruzi rwa elegitoroniki ku isi aho kugura no kugurisha. Ihuza kurubuga rwemewe rwa NASDAQ https://www.nasdaq.com/.

Izina ni impfunyapfunyo isobanura Ishyirahamwe ryigihugu ryabacuruzi bafite Automatic Quotation.

Ivunjisha ntabwo rifite aho ryacururiza, ariko rikora nk’urubuga aho abashoramari bashobora gukora ibikorwa. Usibye isoko ryimigabane, guhera mu 2021, NASDAQ ifite kandi ikorana n’imigabane myinshi i Burayi, harimo no kuvunja i Copenhagen, Helsinki, Reykjavik, Stockholm, Riga, Vilnius na Tallinn.
Guhana kwa NASDAQ ni iki – ikibaho [/ caption]

Amateka ya NASDAQ

Urubuga rwa NASDAQ rwubucuruzi rwa mudasobwa rwatunganijwe muburyo bwa sisitemu “inzobere” idakora neza yari imaze hafi ikinyejana. Iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryatumye uburyo bushya bwa e-ubucuruzi bugereranywa n’amasoko ku isi. Kubera ko yabaye umuyobozi mu ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi kuva ryashingwa, ibihangange mu ikoranabuhanga ku isi byahisemo gushyira imigabane yabo kuri NASDAQ mu minsi ya mbere. Uko urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rwagendaga rwamamara mu myaka ya za 1980 na 1990, ihanahana ryabaye urubuga ruzwi cyane mu gufata abantu. Ikibazo cya Dot-com mu mpera za 90 bigaragazwa no kuzamuka no kumanuka bya Nasdaq Composite, indangagaciro itagomba kwitiranywa nubucuruzi bwa Nasdaq. Nk’uko ikigo cy’abanyamerika gishinzwe imari cy’ubucuruzi kibitangaza, cyatangiye kurenga amanota 1.000 muri Nyakanga 1995,

Uburyo bwo kungurana ibitekerezo

Isoko ryigihugu rya Nasdaq nimwe murwego 2 rugize ivunjisha. Buri kimwe muri ibyo cyarimo ibigo byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kurutonde. Nasdaq-NM yari igizwe n’umutungo utemba ugera hafi 3.000 hagati ya cap-cap na capit nini. Urwego rwa kabiri rwiswe isoko rya Nasdaq SmallCap. Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, yari igizwe namasosiyete mato mato cyangwa ibigo bifite ubushobozi bwo gukura. Ku ya 23 Kamena 2006, ihanahana ryatangaje ko ryagabanyije Nasdaq-NM mu byiciro 2 bitandukanye, rishyiraho izindi 3 nshya. Impinduka zakozwe kugirango habeho guhanahana amakuru ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Urwego rwose rufite izina rishya:

1. Isoko ry’imari shingiro rya Nasdaq, ahahoze hitwa Nasdaq SmallCap Isoko rito.
2. Isoko rya Nasdaq ku Isi, ryahoze rigizwe n’isoko ry’igihugu rya Nasdaq ku bigereranyo bigera ku 1450.
3. Isoko rya Nasdaq Global Select Market nicyiciro gishya cyari kigizwe nisoko ryigihugu rya Nasdaq kandi kirimo ibigo binini bigera ku 1200.

NASDAQ Global Select Market Composite (NQGS):
Gucuruza kumurongo mushya wa gatatu wisoko rya Nasdaq Global Select Market ryatangiye kumugaragaro ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2006. Urutonde nibisabwa kuri buri cyiciro byarushijeho gukomera. Kurugero, Urwego rwisoko ryisi yose rusaba ibigo kugira:

• umutungo ukomeye ugaragara cyangwa amafaranga yinjira
• byibuze ikwirakwizwa rusange kumugabane 1.100.000
• byibuze abanyamigabane 400
• gutanga igiciro byibuze $ 4.

Niki NASDAQ Igizwe, indangagaciro 100

Ijambo “NASDAQ” rikoreshwa kandi mu kwerekana urutonde rwa Nasdaq Composite Index, rurimo ububiko burenga 3.000 bw’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye n’amasosiyete y’ibinyabuzima. Iyo ubara indangagaciro zerekana, uburyo bwo kuremera ukoresheje imari shingiro ikoreshwa. Kugirango ukore ibi, shakisha agaciro k’umutungo wa buri sosiyete ugwiza umubare nagaciro keza kagaciro kazenguruka. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bifite imipira minini yisoko bitwara uburemere kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro bya Nasdaq Composite Index. Amakuru agezweho kuri Nasdaq Composite, Nasdaq indice 100 https://www.nasdaq.com/ikimenyetso-ibikorwa:
Ibipimo bibarwa ubudahwema umunsi wose, ariko bikamenyeshwa abakoresha rimwe kumasegonda. Agaciro ka nyuma kemejwe kavuzwe 16h16 ya buri cyiciro cyubucuruzi. Nasdaq Composite yagiye ihinduka mugihe kandi irakuze, yunguka cyane kandi ntago ikoranabuhanga muri iki gihe kuruta uko byari bimeze mumyaka 20 ishize. Yerekana urwego rushya kandi rushingiye ku iterambere ryubukungu. Ironderero rya Nasdaq ritanga ibisobanuro byinshi kubiremereye byikoranabuhanga byubu nka Apple, Microsoft na Amazon, kandi bigaha abashoramari ubushishozi kubyerekeranye n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ejo hazaza ushizemo imigabane rusange yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Nasdaq. Kurugero, Nasdaq Robin Hood asubiramo:
Imbonerahamwe kumurongo hamwe nibisobanuro byatanzwe kuri NASDAQ urashobora kubisanga kuri https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/:
Umubare wimigabane wa NASDAQ, nkuko ubarwa na NASDAQ 100 ukurikije agaciro k’imigabane yo hejuru Ibigo 100 byo muri Amerika: https: // youtu .be / 850Mmf0bkIY

Niki kigira ingaruka kuri NASDAQ

Kimwe ninshi mubipimo byimigabane, Nasdaq Composite iremerewe nisoko ryisoko ryibigize. Ibi bivuze ko iyo ububiko bwamasosiyete manini ahindutse, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yibipimo kuruta iyo imigabane yamasosiyete mato ahindutse.

Nibigo bingahe byashyizwe kurutonde

Kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2021, urutonde rurimo impapuro zingana na 3,417. Muri icyo gihe, 46,94% ya portfolio igizwe nimigabane yabatanga 10 bakurikira:

• BIKURIKIRA I.N.C.;
• MICROSOFT CORP;
• COM I.N.C.;
• TESLA I.N.C.;
• ALPHABET INC CL C;
• ALPHABET INC CL A;
• META PLATFORMS INC CL A;
• NVIDIA Corp.;
• INC;
• Adobe Inc.

Nasdaq Composite ikubiyemo ibigo bimaze igihe byashyizwe ku rutonde kuva byavuka, abashya ba IPO, amasosiyete yakuze mu guhana kwa OTC cyangwa kwimuka mu yandi mavunja. Ironderero ririmo impapuro zanditswe muri Amerika kandi zanditswe ku isoko ry’imigabane rya NASDAQ gusa. Ubwoko bukurikira bwumutungo bukubiye mubiharuro:

• imigabane isanzwe y’ibigo;
• Inyemezabwishyu y’Abanyamerika (ADRs);
• imigabane yishoramari ryimitungo itimukanwa (REIT);
• imigabane y’ubufatanye buke;
• imigabane y’inyungu zingirakamaro (SBI);
• intego (gukurikirana) imigabane.

Igikorwa cyabanjirije isoko
: :

• ikoranabuhanga mu makuru (44.55%);
• urwego rwabaguzi (16.52%);
• serivisi zo mu rugo (15.44%);
• ubuvuzi (8.59%);
• imari (4.52%);
• inganda (4.04%);
• ibicuruzwa (3.64%);
• imitungo itimukanwa (1.01%);
• ibikorwa (0,68%);
• ingufu (0.44%).

Kuberako Nasdaq ifite ibigo byinshi byamasosiyete murwego rwikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane abato kandi bakura vuba, Indangantego ya Nasdaq ikunze gufatwa nka barometero nziza yukuntu isoko ryikoranabuhanga rikora neza.

Nasdaq Composite ntabwo igarukira gusa ku masosiyete afite icyicaro gikuru muri Amerika, ibyo bikaba bitandukanye nibindi bipimo byinshi. Kubara birimo umutungo wibigo mumasoko akurikira:

• Amerika (96,67%);
• bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere (1.25%);
• Uburayi (1,14%);
• Aziya ya pasifika n’Ubuyapani (0.59%);
• Kanada (0.34%);
• abandi (0,02%).

Uburyo bwo gushora imari

Inzira yoroshye yo gushora imari muri Nasdaq Composite Index nukugura umugabane wikigega ngenderwaho. Mugereranije ibisubizo byamasoko yimari, ETFs igwiza neza ishoramari mugihe kirekire. Muri icyo gihe, umushoramari ntakeneye kuba umuhanga ku isoko ryimigabane no gutegura ingamba ze bwite. Kwitabira ETFs bifite inyungu nyinshi:

1. Emerera kugabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe mukwiga ububiko bwihariye . Ahubwo, urashobora kwiringira ibyemezo byumuyobozi w’ikigega.
2. Kugabanya ingaruka zamafaranga . Indangantego ya Nasdaq ikubiyemo imigabane irenga 3.500, bigatuma bidashoboka gutakaza byinshi iyo ibigo byinshi bitakaje inyungu zikomeye.
3. Amafaranga make . Gushora imari muri ETF bihendutse cyane kuruta gushora mumafaranga acungwa neza. Ibi biterwa nuko umuyobozi akora akurikije ingamba zizwi mbere.
4. Imisoro yo hasi . Amafaranga yerekana neza imisoro neza ugereranije nandi mashoramari menshi.
5. Gahunda yishoramari yoroshye . Ukurikije gahunda imwe, urashobora gukomeza gushora buri kwezi, wirengagije kuzamuka kwigihe gito.

NASDAQ 100 Imyaka 13 yo kugaruka kwa 13 ku ijana

• ubunyangamugayo bwo gukurikirana ibipimo ngenderwaho;
• ikiguzi cy’abashoramari;
• imipaka iriho.

Kugura imigabane yikigega cyatoranijwe, ugomba gufungura konti hamwe na
ETF cyangwa hamwe nuwabiherewe uruhushya. Mugihe uhisemo uburyo bwo guhitamo, birakwiye kwitondera ibiciro. Bamwe mubashoramari bishyuza abakiriya babo amafaranga yinyongera yo kugura imigabane yikigega ngenderwaho, bigatuma bihendutse gufungura konti ya ETF. Nyamara, abashoramari benshi bahitamo kubika amafaranga yabo kuri konti imwe. Ibi biroroshye niba umucuruzi ateganya gushora imari muri ETF zitandukanye.

Urashobora gucuruza kuri NASDAQ

Umushoramari wUburusiya arashobora gucuruza umutungo wabanyamerika bafite kuri elegitoroniki ya NASDAQ, ishobora kugerwaho n’abashoramari benshi babifitemo uruhushya. Kurugero, amahirwe nkaya atangwa na Finam, Sberbank, VTB, nibindi.

Ariko, muriki gihe, birakenewe kubona statut yumushoramari wujuje ibyangombwa, kugirango wemeze ugomba kuba ufite uburambe bwubucuruzi nigishoro gitangira byibuze miliyoni 6.

Abacuruzi bato bahitamo kwinjira mu Isoko ry’imigabane rya St. Petersburg, kuko akenshi bihendutse. Muri iki gihe, umutungo urashobora kugurwa binyuze
kuri konti yishoramari kugiti cye (IIA) hamwe no gukuramo imisoro. Gufungura konti, ugomba kwiyandikisha kurubuga rwabakozi. Kurugero, kuri Finam, birahagije gukurikira umurongo https://trading.finam.ru/ hanyuma wandike amakuru akenewe muburyo. Urashobora gufungura
konte ya demo muminota mike, kandi kugirango ubone IIS nyayo, ugomba gutegura pake ntoya yinyandiko hanyuma ugasezerana numuryango. Nyuma yo kwakira kwinjira nijambobanga, urashobora kwinjira
mubucuruzi .
Kurutonde rwibikoresho, hitamo ikintu kirimo izina ryo guhana kwa NASDAQ.
Urutonde rwumutungo ushobora kugurwa no kugurishwa uzagaragara kumurongo wibumoso.
Abahuza b’Abarusiya bose bakora bakurikije iri hame. Nigute ushobora gucuruza kumigabane yo muri Amerika – kugura imigabane, ejo hazaza nizindi mpapuro kuri NASDAQ na NYSE: https://youtu.be/o-7VGqcf20Y

Nigute kandi NASDAQ yo guhana ikora?

Isomo risanzwe rya NASDAQ ritangira 9h30 za mugitondo rikarangira saa yine za mugitondo Iburasirazuba bikarishye. Iyo birangiye, cyamunara irashobora gukorwa kugeza 20h00.