NASDAQ exchange: index, stocks, ejuliza engeri y’okusuubulamu yinvesita Omurussia

Mu 1971, NASDAQ yakyusa enzirukanya embi ey’obutale bw’ebyensimbi bwe yaleeta akatale k’emigabo ak’ebyuma akasooka mu nsi yonna. Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 50, kifuuse ekimu ku bifo ebisinga okusuubulagana mu nsi yonna. Leero, NASDAQ eraga obuyiiya n’okukulaakulana.

NASDAQ exchange kye ki – omukutu ogukuguse mu migabo gya kkampuni za tekinologiya ow’awaggulu

NASDAQ nkola ya kusuubulagana mu byuma bikalimagezi mu nsi yonna ng’emigabo gye gigulibwa n’okutundibwa. Link ku mukutu omutongole ogwa NASDAQ https://www.nasdaq.com/.

Erinnya lino kifupi ekitegeeza National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation.

Ewanyisiganya eno terina kifo kyayo we basuubula, wabula ekola ng’omukutu gwa yintaneeti bamusigansimbi mwe basobola okukola emirimu. Ng’oggyeeko akatale k’emigabo, okutuuka mu 2021, NASDAQ era erina n’okuddukanya emigabo egiwerako mu Bulaaya, omuli emigabo e Copenhagen, Helsinki, Reykjavik, Stockholm, Riga, Vilnius ne Tallinn.

Ebyafaayo bya NASDAQ

Enkola ya NASDAQ ey’okusuubula ku kompyuta yasooka kukolebwa ng’engeri endala ey’okukyusaamu enkola ya “abakugu” etali nnungi eyali ebaddewo okumala kumpi ekyasa. Enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya ey’amangu efudde enkola empya ey’obusuubuzi ku yintaneeti okuba omutindo eri obutale okwetoloola ensi yonna. Olw’okuba yali ekulembedde mu tekinologiya w’okusuubula okuva lwe yatandikibwawo, kkampuni z’ensi yonna ez’eby’amagezi zaasazeewo okuwandiika emigabo gyazo ku NASDAQ mu nnaku zaayo ezasooka. Ekitongole kya tekinologiya bwe kyagenda kyeyongera okwettanirwa mu myaka gya 1980 ne 1990, okuwanyisiganya ssente kwafuuka ekifo ekisinga okwettanirwa mu kitongole kino eky’okutereka ssente. Obuzibu bwa Dot-com ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990 eraga okulinnya n’okukka kwa Nasdaq Composite, omuwendo ogutalina kutabulwatabulwa na nkola ya Nasdaq ey’okusuubula. Okusinziira ku kitongole kya American Institute of Corporate Finance, kyasooka kusomoka bubonero 1,000 mu July wa 1995, .

Enkola y’okuwanyisiganya

Akatale ka Nasdaq National Market kaali kamu ku mitendera 2 egyakola okuwanyisiganya ssente. Buli emu ku zino yalimu kkampuni ezaatuukiriza ebisaanyizo ebimu eby’okuwandiika n’okulungamya. Nasdaq-NM yalimu eby’obugagga eby’amazzi eby’ebintu nga 3,000 ebya mid-cap ne large-cap. Omutendera ogwokubiri gwayitibwa akatale ka Nasdaq SmallCap. Nga erinnya bwe liraga, yalimu kkampuni za ‘small cap’ oba kkampuni ezirina obusobozi bw’okukulaakulana. Nga June 23, 2006, exchange yalangirira nti yagabanya Nasdaq-NM mu mitendera 2 egy’enjawulo, ne bakola emipya 3. Enkyukakyuka eno yakoleddwa okuleeta okuwanyisiganya kuno okukwatagana n’erinnya lyayo mu nsi yonna. Buli mutendera gulina erinnya eppya:

1. Akatale ka Nasdaq Capital Market, edda akaali kamanyiddwa nga Nasdaq SmallCap Market eri kkampuni ezikola emirimu emitono.
2. Akatale ka Nasdaq Global Market, edda akaali ekitundu ku Nasdaq National Market nga kalina sitoowa nga 1,450 eza mid-cap.
3. Akatale ka Nasdaq Global Select ke kasinga okubeera ekitundu ku katale ka Nasdaq National Market era nga kalimu kkampuni nga 1,200 ezirina ssente ennene.

NASDAQ Global Select Market Composite (NQGS):
Okusuubula ku mutendera omupya ogw’okusatu ogw’akatale ka Nasdaq Global Select kwatandika mu butongole nga July 3, 2006. Okuwandiika n’ebyetaago by’okulungamya buli mutendera bifuuse bikakali. Okugeza, omutendera gw’akatale k’ensi yonna gwetaaga amakampuni okuba ne:

• eby’obugagga ebirabika ebinene ebituufu oba ensimbi eziyingira mu mirimu
• ekitono ennyo okusaasaanyizibwa mu lujjudde emigabo 1,100,000
• abalina emigabo waakiri 400
• offer price ya waakiri $4.

NASDAQ Composite, omuwendo gwa 100 bye biruwa

Ekigambo “NASDAQ” era kikozesebwa okutegeeza Nasdaq Composite Index, nga muno mulimu sitoowa ezisoba mu 3,000 eza kkampuni ennene eza tekinologiya ne biotech. Nga tubalirira emiwendo gy’ekiraga, enkola y’okupima okusinziira ku kapito w’akatale ekozesebwa. Okukola kino, funa omuwendo gw’eby’obugagga bya buli kkampuni ng’okubisaamu omuwendo n’omuwendo gw’emiwendo gy’ebintu ebiriwo kati. Ebitundu bya Index ebirina akatale akanene bitwala obuzito obusingako era bikola nnyo ku muwendo gwa Nasdaq Composite Index. Ebikwata ku mulembe ku Nasdaq Composite, Nasdaq 100 indices https://www.nasdaq.com/akatale-omulimu:
Metric ebalirirwa obutasalako olunaku lwonna, naye etegeeza abakozesa omulundi gumu buli sikonda. Omuwendo ogusembayo okukakasibwa guwandiikibwa ku ssaawa 16:16 eza buli kiseera ky’okusuubula. Nasdaq Composite ezze ekulaakulana okumala ekiseera era ekula, ekola amagoba ate nga ya tekinologiya mutono leero okusinga bwe kyali emyaka 20 egiyise. Kikiikirira ekitundu ky’ebyenfuna ekisinga okuyiiya era ekitunuulidde enkulaakulana. Nasdaq Composite Index ekuwa okumanyisibwa okugazi eri kkampuni za tekinologiya ez’ennaku zino nga Apple, Microsoft ne Amazon, era ewa bamusigansimbi amagezi ku kkampuni za tekinologiya ez’enkya nga zissaamu sitoowa zonna eza bulijjo eziwandiikiddwa ku lukalala lwa Nasdaq. Okugeza, Nasdaq Robin Hood ajuliza nti:
Ebipande ku yintaneeti n’ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku sitoowa ku NASDAQ osobola okubiraba ku https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/:
Omuwendo gw’emigabo gya NASDAQ, nga bwe gubalirirwa NASDAQ 100 okusinziira ku muwendo gw’emigabo egy’oku ntikko Amakampuni ga Amerika 100: https://youtu .be/850Mmf0bkIY

Ekikosa omuwendo gwa NASDAQ

Okufaananako n’emiwendo gy’emigabo egy’amaanyi egisinga obungi, Nasdaq Composite epimibwa okusinziira ku katale k’ebitundu byayo ebigirimu. Kino kitegeeza nti sitoowa za kkampuni ennene bwe zikyuka, kikwata nnyo ku nkola y’omuwendo okusinga emigabo gya kkampuni entono bwe gikyuka.

Kkampuni mmeka eziteekeddwa mu muwendo guno

We bwazibidde nga December 31, 2021, omuwendo guno gulimu emigabo gy’ebintu 3,417. Mu kiseera kye kimu, ebitundu 46.94% ku kifo kino bikolebwa emigabo gy’abafulumya emigabo bano wammanga 10:

• EKITONGOLE kya APPLE I.N.C.;
• EKITONGOLE kya MICROSOFT;
• COM I.N.C., nga bwe kiri;
• TESLA I.N.C., omuwandiisi w’ebitabo;
• ENNUKULU INC CL C;
• ENNUKULU INC CL A;
• EBIKOLWA EBIKWATA KU META INC CL A;
• Ekitongole kya NVIDIA;
• EKITUNDU KYA BROADCOM;
• Ekitongole kya Adobe Inc.

Nasdaq Composite erimu kkampuni ezimaze ebbanga nga ziwandiikibwa ku lukalala lw’okuwanyisiganya ssente okuva lwe yatandikibwawo, abapya aba IPO, kkampuni ezaakula okuva mu kuwaanyisiganya ebintu mu OTC oba okusenguka okuva mu bifo ebirala. Mu muwendo guno gulimu emigabo egyawandiisibwa mu Amerika era nga giwandiikiddwa ku katale k’emigabo aka NASDAQ kwokka. Ebika by’eby’obugagga bino wammanga bye biba mu kubalirira:

• emigabo egya bulijjo egya kkampuni;
• Lisiiti z’Ebitereka by’Amerika (ADRs);
• emigabo gya ssente z’okusiga ensimbi mu by’amayumba (REIT);
• emigabo gy’emikago egy’obuvunaanyizibwa obutono;
• emigabo egy’omugaso (SBI);
• okutunuulira (okulondoola) emigabo.

Omulimu gwa sitoowa nga tegunnabaawo:

Okuva nga 12/31/2021, eby’obugagga ebiri mu muwendo bikiikirira ebitundu bino wammanga : .

• tekinologiya w’amawulire (44.55%);
• ekitongole ky’abakozesa eky’okwesalirawo (16.52%);
• empeereza y’awaka (15.44%);
• ebyobulamu (8.59%);
• eby’ensimbi (4.52%);
• amakolero (4.04%);
• ebintu ebikozesebwa (3.64%);
• ebizimbe (1.01%);
• ebikozesebwa (0.68%);
• amaanyi (0.44%).

Olw’okuba Nasdaq erina amakampuni mangi mu kitongole kya tekinologiya naddala amato n’agakula amangu, Nasdaq Composite Index etera okutwalibwa ng’ekipima ekirungi ekiraga engeri akatale ka tekinologiya gye kakolamu obulungi.

Nasdaq Composite tekoma ku kkampuni ezirina ekitebe kya Amerika kyokka ekigifuula eyawukana ku miwendo emirala mingi. Okubala kuno kuliko eby’obugagga bya kkampuni eziri mu butale buno wammanga:

• USA (96.67%), era nga bwe kiri;
• amawanga agakyakula (1.25%);
• Bulaaya (1.14%);
• Asia Pacific ne Japan (0.59%);
• Canada (0.34%) nga bano;
• abalala (0.02%).

Engeri y’okuteeka ssente mu index

Engeri ennyangu ey’okuteeka ssente mu Nasdaq Composite Index kwe kugula omugabo mu nsawo ya index. Nga bageraageranya ebiva mu butale bw’ebyensimbi, ETFs zikubisaamu bulungi ssente eziteekeddwamu mu bbanga eggwanvu. Mu kiseera kye kimu, omusigansimbi teyeetaaga kufuuka mukugu mu katale k’emigabo n’okukola obukodyo bwe. Okwetaba mu ETFs kirina emigaso egiwerako:

1. Kikusobozesa okukendeeza ku budde bw’omala ng’osoma sitooka ssekinnoomu . Mu kifo ky’ekyo, osobola okwesigama n’obuvumu ku kusalawo kw’omuddukanya ekifo ky’ensawo.
2. Akendeeza ku bulabe bw’ebyensimbi . Nasdaq Composite Index erimu sitoowa ezisoba mu 3,500, ekigifuula etali ya kufiirwa nnyo singa kkampuni eziwera zifiirwa amagoba amangi.
3. Okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’ensimbi . Okuteeka ssente mu ETFs kya buseere nnyo okusinga okuteeka ssente mu nsimbi eziddukanyizibwa obulungi. Kino kiva ku kuba nti maneja akola okusinziira ku nkola ennungamu eyamanyibwa emabegako.
4. Okukendeeza ku misolo . Ensimbi za Index zikendeeza nnyo ku musolo bw’ogeraageranya n’ensimbi endala nnyingi eziteekebwamu.
5. Enteekateeka ennyangu ey’okusiga ensimbi . Okusinziira ku nteekateeka emu, osobola okugenda mu maaso n’okuteeka ssente buli mwezi, ng’ofaayo ku bigenda mu maaso mu bbanga ettono.

Bw’oba olondawo ensawo y’omuwendo, lowooza ku nsonga zino wammanga:

• obutuufu bw’ebiraga omuwendo gw’ebintu eby’okulondoola;
• ssente za bamusigansimbi;
• obukwakkulizo obuliwo.

Okugula emigabo gya index fund erongooseddwa, olina okuggulawo akawunti ku
ETF oba ku broker alina layisinsi. Bw’oba ​​osalawo enkola gy’olina okulonda, kirungi okufaayo ku nsaasaanya. Ba broker abamu basasula bakasitoma baabwe ssente ez’enjawulo olw’okugula emigabo gya index fund, ekifuula okuggulawo akawunti ya ETF okubeera ku buseere. Wabula bamusigansimbi bangi basinga kwagala kutereka ssente ze batereka ku akawunti emu. Kino kirungi singa omusuubuzi ateekateeka okuteeka ssente mu ETF ez’enjawulo.

Osobola okusuubula ku NASDAQ

Omusigansimbi Omurussia asobola okusuubula eby’obugagga by’ebintu by’Amerika butereevu ku mukutu gwa NASDAQ ogw’ebyuma, ogutuukirirwa butereevu ba broker abanene abalina layisinsi. Okugeza omukisa ogw’engeri eno guweebwa Finam, Sberbank, VTB, n’ebirala.

Wabula mu mbeera eno, kyetaagisa okufuna embeera ya yinvesita alina ebisaanyizo, okukakasa ky’olina okuba n’obumanyirivu mu kusuubula ne kapito w’okutandika waakiri obukadde 6 obwa rubles.

Abasuubuzi abatonotono basinga kwagala kuyingira mu katale k’emigabo aka St. Petersburg, kuba katera okuba ak’ebbeeyi entono. Mu mbeera eno, eby’obugagga bisobola okugulibwa nga biyita
mu akawunti ya ‘individual investment account’ (IIA) nga baggyibwako omusolo. Okuggulawo akawunti, olina okwewandiisa ku mukutu gwa broker. Okugeza ku Finam, kimala okugoberera link https://trading.finam.ru/ n’oyingiza data eyeetaagisa mu ffoomu. Osobola okuggulawo
akawunti ya demo mu ddakiika ntono, era okufuna IIS entuufu, ojja kuba olina okuteekateeka akapapula akatono ak’ebiwandiiko n’okukola endagaano n’ekitongole. Oluvannyuma lw’okufuna login ne password, osobola okuyingira
trading terminal .
Mu lukalala lw’ebikozesebwa, londa ekintu ekirimu erinnya ly’okuwanyisiganya NASDAQ.
Olukalala lw’eby’obugagga ebiyinza okugulibwa n’okutundibwa lujja kulabika mu kisenge kya kkono.
Ba broker bonna aba Russia bakola okusinziira ku musingi guno. Engeri y’okusuubulamu ku butale bw’emigabo mu Amerika – gula emigabo, futures n’emiwendo emirala ku NASDAQ ne NYSE: https://youtu.be/o-7VGqcf20Y

Okuwanyisiganya ssente mu NASDAQ kukola kutya era ddi?

Olukungaana lw’okusuubula okwa bulijjo olwa NASDAQ lutandika ku ssaawa 9:30 ez’oku makya ne lukoma ku ssaawa 4:00 ez’ekiro Eastern Time sharp. Oluvannyuma lw’okuggwa, ffulaayi zisobola okubeerawo okutuusa ku ssaawa 20:00.