Kusinthana kwa NASDAQ: index, masheya, mawu amomwe mungagulitsire wogulitsa waku Russia

Mu 1971, NASDAQ inasintha kusasamalidwa bwino kwa misika yazachuma poyambitsa msika woyamba padziko lonse wamagetsi. Pambuyo pa zaka 50, yakhala imodzi mwamalo akuluakulu ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano, NASDAQ ikuyimira luso komanso kukula.

Kodi kusinthana kwa NASDAQ ndi chiyani – nsanja yokhazikika pamagawo amakampani apamwamba kwambiri

NASDAQ ndi nsanja yapadziko lonse lapansi yamalonda yamagetsi pomwe zotetezedwa zimagulidwa ndikugulitsidwa. Lumikizani patsamba lovomerezeka la NASDAQ https://www.nasdaq.com/.

Dzinali ndi chidule chomwe chimayimira National Association of Securities Dealers Automated quote.

Kusinthanitsa kulibe malo ake ogulitsa, koma kumagwira ntchito ngati tsamba la webusayiti komwe osunga ndalama amatha kupanga. Kuphatikiza pa msika wamasheya, kuyambira 2021, NASDAQ imakhalanso ndi malonda angapo ku Europe, kuphatikiza kusinthanitsa ku Copenhagen, Helsinki, Reykjavik, Stockholm, Riga, Vilnius ndi Tallinn. [id id mawu = “attach_12879” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1237”]
Kodi kusinthana kwa NASDAQ – dashboard[/caption]

Mbiri ya NASDAQ

Dongosolo la malonda apakompyuta la NASDAQ lidapangidwa poyambilira ngati njira ina yosagwirizana ndi “katswiri” yemwe adakhalapo kwa zaka pafupifupi zana. Kukula mwachangu kwaukadaulo kwapangitsa mtundu watsopano wa e-commerce kukhala muyezo wamisika padziko lonse lapansi. Pokhala mtsogoleri paukadaulo wamalonda kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, zimphona zaukadaulo padziko lonse lapansi zidasankha kulembetsa magawo awo pa NASDAQ m’masiku ake oyambirira. Pamene gawo laukadaulo lidakula kutchuka muzaka za m’ma 1980 ndi 1990, kusinthanitsa kudakhala nsanja yotchuka kwambiri pamakampani. Mavuto a Dot-com kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1990 kuwonetsedwa ndi kukwera ndi kutsika kwa Nasdaq Composite, index yomwe siyenera kusokonezedwa ndi nsanja yamalonda ya Nasdaq. Malinga ndi American Institute of Corporate Finance, idadutsa koyamba ma point 1,000 mu Julayi 1995,

Njira yosinthira

Msika Wadziko Lonse wa Nasdaq unali umodzi mwa magawo awiri omwe amapanga kusinthana. Iliyonse mwa izi idaphatikizapo makampani omwe adakwaniritsa mindandanda ndi zowongolera zina. Nasdaq-NM inali ndi zinthu zamadzimadzi pafupifupi 3,000 zapakati komanso zokhala ndi zipewa zazikulu. Gawo lachiwiri linkatchedwa msika wa Nasdaq SmallCap. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, linali ndi makampani ang’onoang’ono ang’onoang’ono kapena makampani omwe ali ndi mwayi wokulirapo. Pa Juni 23, 2006, kusinthana kudalengeza kuti kugawa Nasdaq-NM m’magulu awiri, ndikupanga 3 zatsopano. Kusinthaku kudapangidwa kuti kusinthaku kukhale kogwirizana ndi mbiri yake yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mulingo uliwonse uli ndi dzina latsopano:

1. Nasdaq Capital Market, yomwe kale imadziwika kuti Nasdaq SmallCap Market yamakampani ang’onoang’ono.
2. Msika Wapadziko Lonse wa Nasdaq, womwe kale unali gawo la Msika Wadziko Lonse wa Nasdaq pafupifupi 1,450 masikelo apakatikati.
3. Msika wa Nasdaq Global Select ndiye gawo laposachedwa kwambiri lomwe linali gawo la Msika Wadziko Lonse wa Nasdaq ndipo limaphatikizapo makampani akuluakulu pafupifupi 1,200.

NASDAQ Global Select Market Composite (NQGS):
Kugulitsa pagawo lachitatu latsopano la Nasdaq Global Select Market kudayamba pa Julayi 3, 2006. Zofunikira pakulemba ndi kuwongolera pagawo lililonse zakhala zovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, gawo la Global Market likufuna makampani kukhala ndi:

• chuma chachikulu chogwirika kapena ndalama zogwirira ntchito
• kufalitsidwa kochepa kwa anthu 1,100,000 magawo
• osachepera 400 ma sheya
• mtengo wopereka osachepera $4.

Kodi NASDAQ Composite, index 100 ndi chiyani

Mawu oti “NASDAQ” amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutanthauza Nasdaq Composite Index, yomwe imaphatikizapo masheya opitilira 3,000 aukadaulo ndi makampani akuluakulu azaukadaulo. Powerengera mtengo wa chizindikirocho, njira yolemetsa ndi capitalization ya msika imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, pezani mtengo wa katundu wa kampani iliyonse mwa kuchulukitsa nambala ndi mtengo wamakono wa zotetezedwa zomwe zikugulitsidwa. Zigawo zolozera zomwe zili ndi zisoti zazikulu zamsika zimanyamula zolemera kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zamphamvu pamtengo wa Nasdaq Composite Index. Zambiri zaposachedwa pa Nasdaq Composite, Nasdaq 100 indices https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity:
Metric imawerengedwa mosalekeza tsiku lonse, koma imanenedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kamodzi pa sekondi iliyonse. Mtengo wotsimikizika womaliza umanenedwa pa 16:16 pagawo lililonse lazamalonda. Nasdaq Composite yasintha pakapita nthawi ndipo ndi yokhwima, yopindulitsa komanso yocheperako masiku ano kuposa momwe zinalili zaka 20 zapitazo. Ikuyimira gawo lazachuma lomwe likuchita zatsopano komanso lokhazikika pazachuma. Nasdaq Composite Index imapereka chiwonetsero chambiri kuzinthu zolemetsa zamasiku ano monga Apple, Microsoft ndi Amazon, ndipo zimapatsa osunga ndalama chidziwitso chazolemera zamatekinoloje zamawa pophatikiza masheya onse omwe adatchulidwa a Nasdaq. Mwachitsanzo, mawu a Nasdaq Robin Hood:
Ma chart a pa intaneti ndi zolemba zamasheya pa NASDAQ zitha kuwonedwa pa https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/:
The NASDAQ stock index, yowerengedwa ndi NASDAQ 100 potengera mtengo wa magawo apamwamba. Makampani 100 aku US: https://youtu .be/850Mmf0bkIY

Zomwe zimakhudza index ya NASDAQ

Monga ma index ambiri amasheya, Nasdaq Composite imalemedwa ndi msika wazinthu zomwe zili pansi pake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamene masheya amakampani akuluakulu asintha, zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a index kuposa momwe magawo amakampani ang’onoang’ono asinthira.

Ndi makampani angati omwe akuphatikizidwa mu index

Pofika pa Disembala 31, 2021, mndandandawu ukuphatikiza zotetezedwa za 3,417. Nthawi yomweyo, 46.94% ya mbiriyo imapangidwa ndi magawo a otsatira 10 otsatirawa:

• APPLE I.N.C.;
• MICROSOFT CORP;
• COM I.N.C.;
• TESLA I.N.C.;
• ALPHABET INC CL C;
• ALPHABET INC CL A;
• META PLATFORMS INC CL A;
• NVIDIA Corp.;
• Malingaliro a kampani BROADCOM INC.
• Malingaliro a kampani Adobe Inc.

Nasdaq Composite imaphatikizapo makampani omwe adalembedwa kale pakusinthana kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, IPO obwera kumene, makampani omwe adakula kuchokera kusinthanitsa kwa OTC kapena kusuntha kuchokera kumayiko ena. Mlozerawu umaphatikizapo zitetezo zomwe zidalembetsedwa ku United States ndikungolembedwa pa NASDAQ stock exchange. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya katundu ikuphatikizidwa powerengera:

• magawo wamba amakampani;
• Ma Receipts a American Depository (ADRs);
• magawo a ndalama zogulitsira nyumba (REIT);
• magawo a mgwirizano wocheperako;
• magawo opindulitsa (SBI);
• target (tracking) share.

Zochita Zogulitsa Pamsika Zisanayambe: Pofika pa 12/31/2021, katundu yemwe ali pamndandanda akuyimira magawo otsatirawa :

• ukadaulo wazidziwitso (44.55%);
• ogula discretionary gawo (16.52%);
• ntchito zapakhomo (15.44%);
• chisamaliro chaumoyo (8.59%);
• ndalama (4.52%);
• mafakitale (4.04%);
• katundu wogula (3.64%);
• malo (1.01%);
• zothandizira (0,68%);
• mphamvu (0.44%).

Chifukwa Nasdaq ili ndi makampani ambiri omwe ali muukadaulo, makamaka achichepere komanso omwe akukula mwachangu, Nasdaq Composite Index nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati njira yabwino yowonera momwe msika wamatekinoloje ukuchitira.

Nasdaq Composite siimangokhala kumakampani aku US omwe ali ku likulu la US, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi ma index ena ambiri. Kuwerengeraku kumaphatikizapo katundu wamakampani omwe ali m’misika iyi:

• USA (96,67%);
• mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene (1.25%);
• Europe (1.14%);
• Asia Pacific ndi Japan (0,59%);
• Canada (0,34%);
• ena (0.02%).

Momwe mungasungire ndalama mu index

Njira yosavuta yopezera ndalama mu Nasdaq Composite Index ndikugula gawo la thumba la index. Poyerekeza zotsatira za misika yazachuma, ma ETF amachulukitsa bwino ndalama pakapita nthawi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, wogulitsa ndalama sayenera kukhala katswiri pa msika wogulitsa ndi kupanga njira zake. Kuchita nawo ma ETF kuli ndi maubwino angapo:

1. Zimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsera nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pophunzira masitoko pawokha . M’malo mwake, mutha kudalira molimba mtima zisankho za woyang’anira mbiri ya thumba.
2. Amachepetsa mavuto azachuma . Nasdaq Composite Index imaphatikizapo masheya opitilira 3,500, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke ngati makampani angapo ataya phindu lalikulu.
3. Mtengo wotsika wandalama . Kuyika ndalama mu ETFs ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kuyika ndalama zoyendetsedwa bwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti manejala amachita motsatira njira yomwe idadziwika kale.
4. Misonkho yotsika . Ndalama za index ndizotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi ndalama zina zambiri.
5. Ndondomeko yosavuta yopangira ndalama . Malinga ndi chiwembu chimodzi, mutha kupitiliza kuyika ndalama pamwezi, kunyalanyaza kukwera ndi kutsika kwakanthawi.

Posankha thumba index, ganizilani mfundo zotsatirazi:

• kulondola kwa zizindikiro zolondolera;
• ndalama zamalonda;
• zoletsa zomwe zilipo.

Kuti mugule magawo a thumba la index lomwe mwasankha, muyenera kutsegula akaunti ndi
ETF kapena ndi broker yemwe ali ndi chilolezo. Posankha njira yoti musankhe, ndi bwino kulabadira mtengo. Ogulitsa ena amalipira makasitomala awo ndalama zowonjezera pogula magawo a index index, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsika mtengo kutsegula akaunti ya ETF. Komabe, osunga ndalama ambiri amakonda kusunga ndalama zawo mu akaunti imodzi. Izi ndi zabwino ngati wogulitsa akufuna kuyika ndalama mu ETF zosiyanasiyana.

Mutha kugulitsa pa NASDAQ

Wogulitsa ndalama waku Russia amatha kugulitsa katundu waku America molunjika pa nsanja yamagetsi ya NASDAQ, yomwe imapezeka mwachindunji ndi ma broker akuluakulu ovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, mwayi wotero umaperekedwa ndi Finam, Sberbank, VTB, etc.

Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, m’pofunika kupeza udindo wa Investor oyenerera, kutsimikizira zimene muyenera kuchita malonda ndi likulu kuyambira osachepera 6 miliyoni rubles.

Amalonda ang’onoang’ono amakonda kulowa mu St. Petersburg Stock Exchange, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo. Pamenepa, katundu akhoza kugulidwa kudzera mu
akaunti ya munthu payekha (IIA) ndi kuchotsera msonkho. Kuti mutsegule akaunti, muyenera kulembetsa patsamba la broker. Mwachitsanzo, ku Finam, ndikwanira kutsatira ulalo https://trading.finam.ru/ ndikulowetsa zofunikira mu mawonekedwe. Mutha kutsegula
akaunti yachiwonetsero mumphindi zochepa, ndikupeza IIS yeniyeni, muyenera kukonzekera phukusi laling’ono la zikalata ndikumaliza mgwirizano ndi bungwe. Mukalandira malowedwe ndi mawu achinsinsi, mutha kulowa malo
ogulitsa .
Pamndandanda wa zida, sankhani chinthu chomwe chili ndi dzina la kusinthana kwa NASDAQ.
Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zingagulidwe ndikugulitsidwa zidzawonekera kumanzere.
Ma broker onse aku Russia amagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo iyi. Momwe mungagulitsire masheya aku US – gulani masheya, zam’tsogolo ndi zotetezedwa zina pa NASDAQ ndi NYSE: https://youtu.be/o-7VGqcf20Y

Kodi kusinthana kwa NASDAQ kumagwira ntchito bwanji komanso liti?

Gawo lazamalonda la NASDAQ limayamba nthawi ya 9:30 AM ndikutha nthawi ya 4:00 PM Kum’mawa kwanthawi yayitali. Ikatha, zogulitsa zitha kuchitika mpaka 20:00.