Ngubani umthengisi wempahla, wenza ntoni, ukhetha njani

Inyaniso yonke malunga nomthengisi wempahla . Umtyalo-mali we-novice okanye umrhwebi ofuna ukuthenga amasheya, iibhondi kunye nezinye ii-asethi zemali kufuneka aqonde ukuba ufuna i-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Awukwazi nje ukuza kwiofisi yokutshintshiselana kwaye uthenge iimpahla apho. Kufuneka kubekho umlamli phakathi kotshintshiselwano kunye nomthengi.

Umlamli phakathi kotshintshiselwano kunye nomthengisi / umtyali-mali

Umthetheli ngumntu okanye inkampani ephakathi komthengi we-asethi kunye nomnini. Ukuba umtyalo-mali unquma ukuthenga iimpahla zenkampani, akezi kumnini, kodwa uya kwi-stock exchange kwaye athenge. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zabalamli:

1. Umphathi – oku kunokuba ngumntu omnye okanye inkampani ekhangela izixhobo zemali, ihlalutya kwaye ithenge. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwabo bafuna ukutyalomali, kodwa abafuni ukuchitha ixesha elininzi bekhetha kunye nokuhlalutya izixhobo zemali.
2. Umrhwebi yinkampani esebenza egameni lomtyali-zimali, ithenga izinto zexabiso ize izigcine kwindawo yokugcina imali. Le ndlela ifanelekile kubantu abafuna ukwenza utyalo-mali oluzimeleyo lwemali. Kule meko, umtyalo-mali unika umyalelo wokuthenga iimpahla ezikhethiweyo, kwaye umthengisi uqhuba.

Kubalulekile: Umrhwebi kunye nomphathi kufuneka babhaliswe eRashiya kwaye babe nelayisenisi yokwenza imisebenzi ekhutshwe yiBhanki Ephakathi, khangela ilayisensi:
https://www.cbr.ru/securities_market/registries/ .

Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwabarhwebi abanelayisensi:
Abarhwebi be-Forex abanelayisensi Ezinye iinkampani ezinikezela ngeenkonzo zabo zotyalo-mali ngabarhwebi. Ukusebenza nenkampani enjalo, unokuphulukana nayo yonke imali yakho. Ukuze ukhangele inkampani, kufuneka uye kwiwebhusayithi yeMoscow Exchange, kungcono ukhethe umthengisi ukusuka kwishumi eliphezulu.

Indlela yokukhetha i-broker – imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo ngaphandle kwelayisensi

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili:

• Ukuthembeka – ukuze uvavanye, kukho ukulinganiswa kwabathengi. Kukho ii-arhente ezimbini eziphambili zokulinganisa eRashiya: Ingcali ye-RA kunye ne-NRA (i-Arhente yeSizwe yokuHlola). Ukongeza, unokuvavanya ukuthembeka ngokujonga kwizibalo kwinani leeakhawunti ezivulekileyo kunye nabathengi abasebenzayo, inani leeakhawunti zotyalo-mali ezivulelekileyo ezifumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeMoscow Exchange. Kukwafanelekile ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukuba kukho izahlulo zebhanki ezibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi ye-brokerage kunye neenkampani ezibandakanyekayo kuphela kwishishini le-brokerage, uninzi lwazo ziba ziibhanki.

Kubalulekile: Idatha iphikisana, i-broker enye inenani elikhulu labathengi ababhalisiweyo, kodwa i-akhawunti embalwa esebenzayo kunye nelinye icala.

Izixhobo zemali ezithengiweyo zigcinwe kwi-depository ye-broker kwaye kwimeko yokungabikho kwemali, umtyalo-mali akayi kubuyiselwa imali, kwakhona akunakwenzeka ukufumana imbuyekezo kwi-Arhente ye-Insurance ye-Deposit Insurance, ukuze ubuyisele iimpahla, kuya kufuneka uqhagamshelane. i-depository apho i-broker igcina izibambiso kwaye idluliselwe kwenye i-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Umlinganiselo wabarhwebi eRashiya ngenani labathengi ekupheleni kuka-2021-ukuqala kuka-2022:
Umlinganiselo wabarhwebi ngenguqu yorhwebo:

• Ukulungeleka kunye nokufikeleleka – kuyaqondwa ukuba umthengisi unesicelo seselula kunye ne-akhawunti yomntu kwi-browser yekhompyutheni. Umrhwebi olungileyo uya kubonelela ngayo yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko, ulungelelanise umsebenzi ngaphandle kokusilela kunye nomkhenkce.
• Inzuzo -Ibandakanywe kule nqaku zezi: iimali zentengiselwano okanye iimali zokurhweba kunye neentlawulo zenkonzo. Abarhwebi bafumana imali kwiikhomishini kwaye ngakumbi ukuthengiselana umtyalo-mali, kunenzuzo ngakumbi. I-broker nganye inekhomishini yayo kwaye yahluke kancinci kwenye. Ukugcinwa kwe-akhawunti kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kunokutya isabelo esibalulekileyo se-capital, ukuze ufumane iimeko kunye nesixa sokugcinwa kwe-akhawunti, kufuneka ufunde iirhafu ngaphambi kokuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kunye nomthengisi othile.

Ukongeza, abanye abarhwebi babonelela ngeentlawulo zokugcina izibambiso kwindawo yokugcina imali, kubalulekile ukuba ubeke ingqalelo koku. Okungakumbi malunga nabathengisi abanenzuzo:
https://www.banki.ru/investment/brokers/

Kubalulekile: Abanye abarhwebi
abanakuhlawulisa imirhumo ye- brokerage phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezifana nokujika kwe-akhawunti ye-brokerage okanye isixa esithile kwi-akhawunti apho kubizwa umrhumo omncinci.

Wenza ntoni umthengisi?

Umrhwebi wenza imisebenzi emininzi, equka: ukuvula nokugcina i-akhawunti, ukwenza imiyalelo yabathengi, ukwazisa malunga norhwebo, ukubonelela ngeengxelo malunga neentengiselwano ezigqityiweyo, ukufumana izabelo kunye namakhuphoni, kunye neerhafu zokubamba.

Ivula ii-akhawunti

Umntu ofuna ukutyalomali uvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage apho imali igcinwe ukuthengwa kwezixhobo zemali, i-akhawunti ye-depository ivulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kuye apho izibambiso zigcinwa khona.

Ulawula ii-akhawunti

Umxhasi othenga izinto zexabiso kufuneka adlulisele imali kumnini ngomthengisi odlulisela imali kutshintshiselwano, kwaye utshintshiselwano ludlulisela ii-asethi kumthengisi kwaye umxhasi uyazifumana kwaye ngokuphambeneyo xa uthengisa ii-asethi.

Uzalisekisa imiyalelo

Xa umtyalo-mali enquma ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-asethi, udlulisela umyalelo kumthengisi, owenza okufunekayo ngokwemiyalelo engenisiweyo.

Kubalulekile: Umrhwebi akakwazi ukuthengisa okanye ukuthenga impahla eyedwa, oku kwenziwa ngumphathi.

Yazisa ngekhosi yefandesi

Kwi-akhawunti yomntu okanye kwisicelo seselula, umxhasi ubona ixabiso langoku kwi-asethi nganye, inani elixhomekeke kumthengisi. I-Analytics, iindaba, iingcamango kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zinokubonelelwa ukwenzela ukuba kube lula umthengi.

Ubonelela ngeengxelo

Intengiselwano nganye yomxhasi irekhodwa kwaye, ngesicelo okanye ngokuzenzekelayo, ingxelo inikezelwa kwiintengiselwano ezenziweyo: yiyiphi i-asethi ethengiwe, yimalini ethengiwe kwaye yahlawulwa, ikhomishini kunye nenzuzo okanye ilahleko evela kwiintengiselwano.

Uhlawula irhafu kurhulumente

Ukufumana inzuzo kwiintengiselwano, umtyalo-mali unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule irhafu yengeniso ye-13%. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi womtyalo-mali, umthengisi ubala ngokuzimeleyo inzuzo kwaye ahlawule irhafu.

Kubalulekile: Umthengisi ngamnye ukhetha ixesha lokuhlawula irhafu, ngenyanga, ngonyaka.

Ukuzalisa kunye nemali yeekhredithi

Umthengisi wenza utshintshiselwano olusuka kwi-akhawunti yebhanki ukuya kweyakhe kwaye ngokuphambene noko xa ekhupha imali. Akunakwenzeka ukurhoxisa imali etyalwe kwizixhobo zemali. Ngubani umrhwebi ngokwemigaqo elula, yenza ntoni, isebenza kwaye zeziphi iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yinkampani ye-brokerage kwimarike yokutshintshiselana: https://youtu.be/LTWBYDL5mnk

Uyivula njani iakhawunti yomrhwebi?

Emva kokuvavanya kunye nokukhetha umthengisi, kuhleli ukuvula iakhawunti. Iinkampani ezininzi zenze lula inkqubo yokuvula kwaye ziyenze ukude, kwimizuzu embalwa. I-Tinkoff inikezela ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kwimizuzu ye-5 kunye namanyathelo ambalwa (
https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest ):
Sberbank (
https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/person/investments/broker_service/onboarding ):
Ukuba lo ngumthengisi olungileyo, ke ukhetho lomxhasi kukukhuphela isicelo seselula okanye uvule iwebhusayithi, ke i-questionnaire elula izaliswe, kwaye emva kokuqinisekiswa, i-akhawunti ivuliwe. Ukuba lo ngumthengisi olungileyo, ke ukhetho lomxhasi kukukhuphela isicelo seselula okanye uvule iwebhusayithi, ke i-questionnaire elula izaliswe, kwaye emva kokuqinisekiswa, i-akhawunti ivuliwe. Ukuvula (
https://open-broker.ru/invest/open-account/):
Emva koko, kusala ukukhetha umrhumo wenkonzo eyongezelelweyo. Ufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela, ngokuhambelana neemfuno zakho, kubahwebi abaqhuba ukuthengiselana okusebenzayo, ikhomishini encinci kwintengiselwano nganye ibalulekile, kumtyalo-mali ongaqhelekanga ukwenza ukuthengiselana, ikhomishini ayidlali indima ebalulekileyo. Emva koko, kusala ukukhetha umrhumo wenkonzo eyongezelelweyo. Ufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela, ngokuhambelana neemfuno zakho, kubahwebi abaqhuba ukuthengiselana okusebenzayo, ikhomishini encinci kwintengiselwano nganye ibalulekile, kumtyalo-mali ongaqhelekanga ukwenza ukuthengiselana, ikhomishini ayidlali indima ebalulekileyo.

Kubalulekile: Ngokuzalisa i-questionnaire kunye nokuthumela idatha kumthengisi, umxhasi uyavumelana nemigaqo yekhontrakthi, ekufuneka ifundwe ukuze ingahlangabezane neengxaki kunye nokungaqondani kwixesha elizayo.

Usebenza njani nomthengisi?

Emva kwezigaba ezigqithisiweyo, intsebenziswano kunye nomthengisi iqala. Ukuba inkampani ikhupha isoftware eyongezelelweyo (
terminal ), kufuneka ifakwe ngokulandela imiyalelo. Emva koko, i-akhawunti igcwaliswa kwaye umsebenzi uqala, umtyalo-mali ukhetha isixhobo semali esifunwayo, uthumele umyalelo wokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa i-asethi, umthengisi uyawenza ngokutsalwa kwemali kwi-akhawunti. Izixhobo zemali, uhlalutyo oluvela kwinkampani, iindaba, iingcebiso kunye noqeqesho lunokufumaneka kwi-akhawunti yakho.

1. Imfundo yahlukile : iiwebinars, interactive, iikhosi zewebhu, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zizifundo ezincinci kunye neziseko zotyalo-mali, ezichaza imigaqo yokutyala, ifundisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-terminal okanye isicelo seselula.
2. Uhlalutyo . Inokuthi ivela kwinkampani kunye nakwiibhanki ezikhokelayo zangaphandle, umxholo uhlukile, kunokubakho amanqaku apheleleyo achaza izizathu zokuthenga okanye utshintsho oluzayo kwinkampani oluya kuchaphazela ukukhula kwamaxabiso e-asethi.
3. Iingcamango . Abahlalutyi bebhanki babeka phambili izimvo ezifanelekileyo zokuthengwa kwe-asethi.
4. Iindaba . Amanqaku akuvumela ukuba ufumane ulwazi malunga nenkampani ethile okanye okwenzekayo kwihlabathi lezemali.

Yintoni omawuyenze xa umthengisi ebhanga

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uzikhusele kwiimeko zokunyanzelisa, umthengisi apho umtyali-mali asebenza naye unokubhanga okanye ilayisenisi yakhe inokuthatyathwa. Kwaye umxhasi kufuneka aqonde ukuba ukhuselwe ngokuyinxenye ngumthetho “Kwi-Securities Market”. Konke kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lombutho:

1. Ulwahlulo lwebhanki – kule meko, imali ayihlulwanga ibe ngabathengi (abagcini, abatyali-mali kunye nabanye), bakwi “mfumba” eqhelekileyo kwaye ukuze ubuyisele eyakho, kuya kufuneka ulinde inkqubo yokubhanga. igqityiwe kwaye ijoyine umgca wamaxhoba, mhlawumbi baya kukhupha amatyala amakhulu kuqala, kwaye ke baya kuqala ukubuyisela imali yomthengi. Babuya kwixabiso elipheleleyo, okt. kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi imali kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage, intsalela iya kwahlulwa phakathi komntu wonke.
2. Isakhiwo esahlukileyo – imali kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage iya kwahlulwa phakathi kwabaxumi, ngaphandle kokulinda inkqubo ye-bankruptcy, ukuba umthengisi akazange asebenzise imali yokuthengiselana komntu.

Kubalulekile: kubalulekile kubathengi abakhonza kumasebe ebhanki ukuba bazi ukuba imali kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage isetyenziswe yibhanki kwaye oku kusemthethweni.

Indlela yokuba ngumthengisi wesitokhwe, yintoni efunekayo kule nto kwaye inokwenzeka ngasese: https://youtu.be/rbMjkC1T1NM

Nje ngeziphumo

Indlela yokukhetha umthengisi?
Yiya kwiwebhusayithi yeBhanki yaseRashiya	Funda iireyithi kunye nekhontrakthi
Khetha iinkampani zokuqala eziyi-5-10	Ukuvavanya ukufaneleka kunye nokusebenza
Jonga ukukala kwi-RA ingcali kunye ne-NRA	Qinisekisa ukuba unezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zemali

Ukukhethwa kwe-broker kuya kuchaphazela umsebenzi oqhubekayo womthengisi / umtyali-mali, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukulibaziseka kunye nokuphazamiseka, kuya kufuneka uqokelele ulwazi kwi-Intanethi, uhlolisise ukulinganisa, ukuvavanya ukukhululeka kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa iinkonzo zomthengisi, funda amaxabiso kunye nekhontrakthi. Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuvavanya umgangatho weenkonzo ezinikezelweyo, ezitshintshisanayo ezinikezela ukufikelela kunye nokuba zingaphi izixhobo zemali ezibonelela ngazo, ukuba ziqhuba njani izicelo kwinkonzo yenkxaso. Ngethamsanqa kumtyali-mali, iividiyo zeYouTube ziyafumaneka ngolwazi malunga nomthengisi ngamnye, uphononongo lomsebenzi. Emva kokubukela ividiyo, kuya kuhlala kuqiniseka ngento ethethiweyo ngokujonga ulwazi olunikezwe kwi-Intanethi ngokwakho. Imithombo yindawo ethembekileyo, iiforamu (apha kufuneka uqaphele kwaye ungakholelwa onke amagama), iimpapasho zeendaba, zihlala zinethebhu malunga nehlabathi lezemali.