Iakhawunti ye-Brokerage: yintoni, isebenza njani kunye nendlela yokuyivula kunye nomthengisi

Iakhawunti ye-Brokerage: yintoni kwaye isebenza njani? Kumxholo weerhafu eziphantsi kwiidiphozithi zemibutho yebhanki, imithombo yengeniso ye-passive ifumana imfuno enomona. Kungekudala, abemi baye babuza ngokuzithandela malunga neenkcukacha zotyalo-mali kwii-stock exchanges kunye neenkcukacha zokujongana nezibambiso. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwifandesi ngokuthe ngqo kubemi kunye namaqumrhu asemthethweni akunakwenzeka. Ukuze wenze utyalo-mali kwaye uqhube ukuthengiselana kwimarike yemasheya, kuya kufuneka ucele uncedo lomlamli onobuchule – umthengisi (umbutho onelayisenisi yokufikelela kwiimarike zokutshintshiselana zehlabathi).
Eli nqaku libonelela ngolwazi malunga nendlela yokwenza imali kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage ngaphandle kokuba lixhoba labaqhankqalazi kunye nokufumana ii-asethi ezinenzuzo.

Yintoni i-akhawunti ye-brokerage – ngamagama alula malunga ne-complex

I-akhawunti yomthengi wobuqu evulwe yintlangano ye-brokerage kwaye ijoliswe ekugcinweni ngokukhuselekileyo kwamaphepha oshishino kunye neeyunithi zemali ibizwa ngokuba yi-akhawunti ye-brokerage. Isetyenziselwa ukuphumeza imisebenzi yokuthenga kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-securities ezahlukeneyo (
amasheya ,
iibhondi ,
ixesha elizayo , ukhetho, phambili, njl.) kwi-exchange yasekhaya nakwiimarike zangaphandle. Umtyalo-mali akanalo ithuba lokuthenga izibambiso kwi-stock exchange. Kufuneka
i-broker– umntu ongumlamli onelayisenisi eqinisekisiweyo evela kwiBhanki Enkulu. Inkampani ye-brokerage yenza i-akhawunti apho umtyali-mali adlulisela khona imali. Umthengisi ufumana ithuba lokuthenga kunye nokuthengisa izibambiso egameni lomgcini-mali. I-akhawunti ye-Brokerage: yintoni kwaye uyivula njani i-akhawunti kunye nomthengisi, yimalini kwaye iphi ngcono ukuyivula ngo-2022: https://youtu.be/0f9avxrgMTg

Umahluko kwi-IIS

I-akhawunti yotyalo-mali yomntu (ukuvulwa kwi-Russian Federation inokwenzeka ukususela ngo-2015), njengenye yeentlobo ze-akhawunti ye-brokerage, ikuvumela ukuba ufikelele ekurhwebeni kwi-stock exchange, kodwa ngomda othile. Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo kukuhlawulwa kweenzuzo zerhafu kumaqumrhu karhulumente. Ingeniso yomnini ngokuqinisekileyo iba ngaphezulu ukuba sithathela ingqalelo idiphozithi kunye nezipaji zokuthengisa. Unokuthenga iimpahla zezorhwebo kunye nemibutho karhulumente. I-IIS inokudala amaziko ebhanki, i-brokerage kunye neenkampani zolawulo. Umtyali-mali unelungelo lokuvula iakhawunti enye kuphela kunye ne-broker enye kuphela. Isixa esidluliselwe kwiinyanga ezili-12 zekhalenda kufuneka singadluli i-ruble ye-1 yezigidi zaseRashiya (ezinye iiyunithi zemali azikwazi ukusetyenziswa). Ukufumana inzuzo yerhafu kunokwenzeka ukuba i-wallet iyasebenza ubuncinane iminyaka emi-3. Ukurhoxiswa kokugcinwa kwemali akunakwenzeka ngaphambi kokuphela kwexesha lesicelo.

Kufuneka ukwazi! Ukufikelela kufumaneka kuphela kwii-stock exchanges zasekhaya (eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg). Iintlawulo zezibonelelo zitsalwa kwingeniso kunye neminikelo.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-IIS kunye ne-akhawunti ye-brokerage-inkcazo yabaqalayo: https://youtu.be/YwC1EVhNvHo

Ingaba isebenza kanjani?

La manyathelo alandelayo achaza indlela esebenza ngayo iakhawunti yomrhwebi:

1. Umtyali-mali uqhagamshelana nomthengisi (umbutho onelayisenisi) kwaye ungene kwisivumelwano sokwenza iakhawunti.
2. Umgcini-mali udlulisela imali yokonga kwidiphozithi.
3. Ukusebenzisa isoftware, umthengi ulawula inkunzi yakhe. Xa kuyimfuneko ukuthenga izibambiso, uvelisa isicelo sokuthengiselana (ngenombolo yefowuni, ngokusebenzisa i-utility okanye isicelo seselula).
4. Inkampani ye-brokerage iqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza. Utyalo-mali kunye neemali zekhomishini zitsalwa kwidiphozithi, emva koko umxhasi ufumana isaziso sokuba ii-asethi zemali ngoku zikhoyo.

Kutheni uvule i-akhawunti ye-brokerage

Ingcaciso yokuba yenzelwe ntoni i-akhawunti ye-brokerage ibandakanya ama-nuances amaninzi. Umbutho we-brokerage unika umtyalo-mali ithuba lokungena kwimarike yokutshintshiselana kwaye uqale ukwenza ukuthengiselana kokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwezibambiso. Kukho imirhumo yekhomishini yale nkonzo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba kuphela iinkampani zomrhumo ophakathi ezinelayisensi eqinisekisiweyo zinelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba ekurhwebeni. Oku kwenza intsebenziswano ibe neziqhamo kwaye ibe yimfuneko. Umtyalo-mali uchazwe ngokucacileyo indlela yokusebenzisa i-akhawunti ye-brokerage.

Kubalulekile! Abarhwebi abasebenzisi imali yabo yokulondoloza, kodwa basasaza kuphela ingeniso yabagcini. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abatyali-mali banomdla kumbuzo wendlela yokwenza i-akhawunti ye-brokerage yohlobo lwe-trust. Isizathu salokhu silula: abanalo umnqweno wokungena kwiinkcukacha zokurhweba kwi-stock exchange. Emva koko i-intermediary firm ikhululekile ukuba izenzele izigqibo ngokuzimeleyo ekuthengeni okanye ekuthengisweni kwezixhobo zemali.

Njani kwaye kuphi na kungcono ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kwi-Russian Federation ye-2022, ngokweyiphi imilinganiselo ekhethiweyo umthengisi, imizekelo ethile

Okwangoku, abemi kunye nemibutho banokuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kunye neziko lebhanki laseRashiya okanye kunye nomlamli. Umrhwebi othembekileyo kufuneka abe noxwebhu lwelayisenisi evela kwiBhanki ePhakathi, amava omsebenzi angaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15 (ukuba axhathise utshintsho lwezoqoqosho) kunye nendawo ekulinganisweni kweMoscow Exchange Market. Ezi ziikhrayitheriya ezikuvumela ukuba ukhethe inkampani yomlamli ethembekileyo. Ngokwezibalo ze-Moscow Exchange, aba bathengisi balandelayo bahamba phambili ngokwenani labasebenzisi kunye nomthamo wokuthengiselana.

1. Sberbank . Ngokufaka i-Sberbank Investor utility mobile, abasebenzisi bafumana ithuba lokudala i-wallet ye-brokerage, bakhethe enye yeendlela ezicetywayo ngabahlalutyi abanamava, kwaye babeke iliso kwiziphumo ngexesha langempela.
2. Tinkoff . Ithathwa njengeyona nkonzo ilungileyo kwabo bagcinisa imali ehlabathini (ngokutsho kwimagazini yemali yolwimi lwesiNgesi iGlobal Finance). Ukuthengwa kwezibambiso kunokwenzeka usebenzisa ikhadi likaTinkoff. Ikhathalogu iqulethe ubuncinci be-asethi ye-11,000.
3. VTB . Abanini bee-brokerage kunye nee-akhawunti zotyalo-mali zomntu ngamnye bafumana ukufikelela kwiimbono zamva nje zabatyali-mali kunye nohlalutyo lobuchwephesha lohlalutyo lweemarike zemasheya, amacandelo abucala oqoqosho, iifemu, kunye namashishini.
4. IFinam Investment Holding JSC . Unokukhetha ezona zigqibo zicwangcisiweyo ezichanekileyo, ufumane ulwazi malunga nezivumelwano ezinenzuzo, usebenze kutshintshiselwano olubanzi, qhagamshelana nabarhwebi abadumileyo.
5. Promsvyazbank . Abemi babonelelwa ngokufikelela kwi-stock (iibhondi, izabelo) kunye nemimandla engxamisekileyo (ikamva) yokutshintshiselana, kunye nakwimarike yemali. Inkonzo isimahla. Umgangatho wenkxaso yobugcisa.

Uyivula njani iakhawunti yomrhwebi

Ukusebenzisana phakathi komthengisi kunye nomxhasi kungokulandelayo.

1. Umthengisi wenza i-akhawunti yokurhweba kumthengi, apho kunokwenzeka ukuba enze imisebenzi kwi-stock exchange.
2. Ithathela ingqalelo imidla kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngulowo ufaka imali, inkampani yomthengisi inokuthenga kwaye ithengise izinto ezahlukeneyo zemali ngeendleko zakhe.
3. Umtyali-mali ungenisa isicelo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengiswa kwezibambiso / iiyunithi zemali, kwaye umthetheli ugqiba isivumelwano.
4. Ingeniso evela kwintengiselwano (emva kokudluliselwa kweentlawulo zekhomishini ezichazwe kwisivumelwano) zithunyelwa kwi-akhawunti yomtyalo-mali.
5. Umrhwebi unokuzalisekisa ezinye izibophelelo: ukwenza uhlalutyo lohlalutyo, ukunika iingcebiso kumtyalo-mali malunga nezicwangciso zokurhweba, khangela amaxwebhu ukuthotyelwa kwemilinganiselo yomthetho.

I-inshurensi ye-akhawunti ye-Brokerage

I-inshurensi ye-akhawunti ye-Brokerage iyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe i-asethi yomgcini-mali kwimeko apho u-intermediary engasenamali okanye alahlekelwe ilayisenisi eqinisekisiweyo. Izixhobo zemali zomtyali-mali kufuneka zigcinwe ngendlela yeediphozithi, emva koko zifakwe kwi-akhawunti yenye inkampani ye-brokerage. Kodwa akuqhelekanga ukuba ifemu ibekwe elubala njengobuqhophololo, kwaye inqununu ilahlekelwe kukonga kunye nezibambiso. . Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa iingozi? Kwaye ngaba imali kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage i-inshurensi? eCetyisiweyo:

1. Ukusebenzisana kuphela neenkampani ezinkulu . Abasongelwa kukubhanga kunye nokulahleka kwelayisensi. Kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeMarike yokuTshintshela yaseMoscow, uluhlu lwemibutho ebanzi luhlaziywa ngenyanga.
2. Musa ukuthemba lonke ugcino lwakho kwifemu enye . Ukuba i-capital ibalulekile, kuya kuba sengqiqweni ukuyisasaza phakathi kwezipaji ezininzi zokuthengisa. Umzekelo, phakathi kwemibutho yebhanki karhulumente kunye nelinye lamazwe ngamazwe.
3. Yiba nesiqinisekiso esibhaliweyo sentengiselwano . Umrhwebi kufuneka anike umgcini-mali ngamaxwebhu engxelo malunga neentengiselwano zemali, kunye nengxelo yediphozithi edwelisa zonke ii-asethi. Isisombululo esiluncedo ukuba kukho amaxhala malunga nokubhanga.
4. Musa ukugcina imali yasimahla kwi-wallet . Ngaphandle kokutyala imali kwizitokhwe ezinenzuzo, akukho ngqiqweni ukugcina iimali ezinkulu kwi-brokerage kunye neeakhawunti zotyalo-mali zomntu ngamnye.
5. Yenza iakhawunti eyahlukileyo . Oku akusiyo i-panacea yokhuseleko, kodwa i-wallet enjalo ikhuselwe kwi-bankruptcy ye-brokerage firm. Kodwa kukho i-caveat: ukugcinwa kwayo kunokubiza kakhulu. Ukongeza, ayizizo zonke iinkampani ezinikezela ngeenkonzo ezinjalo.

https://articles.opexflow.com/brokers/brokerskoe-obsluzhivanie-v-rossii.htm

Imibuzo neempendulo

Yintoni enye omele uyazi malunga neakhawunti ye-brokerage.

Umbuzo	Phendula
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba neeakhawunti ezimbini zokuthengisa kwiibhanki ezahlukeneyo?	Oku akuthintelwanga ngumthetho osebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, lo mgaqo awusebenzi kwiingxowa zotyalo-mali zomntu ngamnye.
Uneminyaka emingaphi ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage?	Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-18. Kusenokubakho iimeko ezizodwa apho ummi afumana ilifa. Emva koko kuvunyelwe ukudala i-akhawunti ye-brokerage eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthengiselana kunokwenziwa kuphela ngemvume yabameli bezomthetho.
Ixabisa malini i-akhawunti yomrhwebi?	Umlinganiselo omncinci oxoxisana naye ngama-broker angama-30,000 aseRashiya.
Iakhawunti yoMrhwebi weXesha: Yintoni?	Eli licandelo lemarike yotshintshiselwano, apho izivumelwano zigqitywa ngexesha elithile. Sithetha ngeekhontrakthi zokhetho kunye nexesha elizayo.
Isixhobo semali asifumaneki ukurhweba kwiiakhawunti zakho. Ithetha ntoni le nto?	Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali kwi-stock exchange yaseMoscow naseSt. Petersburg zineshedyuli ekhethekileyo (ukuqala nokuphela kwexesha lokurhweba). Mhlawumbi iseshoni yokurhweba ye-asethi iphelile. Emva koko isicelo siya kusilela.
Indlela yokucima i-akhawunti ye-brokerage?	Kwiphepha labucala, kuya kufuneka ucofe kwithebhu ethi “Akhawunti”, emva koko ukhethe “Vala iakhawunti”. Ifomu yesicelo se-intanethi iya kubonakala izaliswe.
Itsalwa njani imali kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage?	Ukutsala imali kwi-ATM akunakwenzeka. Kufuneka baqale batsalwe kwi-wallet yebhanki.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awuyisebenzisi i-akhawunti ye-brokerage?	Ukupheliswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-akhawunti (ngaphandle kokukhetha ukuvala) akukhululi umgcini-mali kwiintlawulo zekhomishini. Ngenxa yoko, ibhalansi inokunqongophala, kwaye kuya kufuneka uhlawule ityala kwinkampani yokuthengisa.
Indlela yokudlulisela imali kwi-akhawunti yomthengisi ukuya kwenye?	Kungcono ukuthengisa izibambiso kwi-akhawunti ye-brokerage endala, ukurhoxisa ukugcinwa kwikhadi le-debit kwaye uzalise i-akhawunti kunye nomlamli omtsha.
Ngaba ndingavulela omnye umntu iakhawunti yorhwebo?	Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka uxelele umlamli ngengxaki kwaye ucele uncedo. Unokuvula i-brokerage okanye i-akhawunti yotyalo-mali lomntu egameni lomnye umntu, emva koko udwebe amandla ommeli kumntu wokuqala ukwenza utshintshiselwano lwezemali.
Yintoni inombolo ye-akhawunti yomrhwebi?	Inombolo ye-akhawunti yomnini-akhawunti ngamnye. Isetyenziselwa ukunqanda ukubhideka kunye nokwenza lula ukuchongwa komsebenzisi.
Ubalo lwekhomishini yokuthengisa. Iqhutywa njani?	Ikhomishini ye-Brokerage – ipesenti yesixa esipheleleyo sesivumelwano. Ubungakanani bayo buchazwe kwisivumelwano.

Ziziphi iingozi?

Imingcipheko ngomnye wemiba ebalulekileyo evela ngobusuku bangaphambi kwesigqibo sokwenza isivumelwano nomthetheli. Ezi “pitfalls” zilandelayo zichazwa:

1. Ishishini lexesha elide alinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwepotfoliyo eyohlukeneyo yee-asethi zaseRashiya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Oku, kubandakanya ukuhlawula iingcebiso zeengcali.
2. Owona mthombo wengeniso yeefemu zebrokeri ziintlawulo zekhomishini kwiintengiselwano zemali ezigqityiweyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abalamli bakhuthaza abatyali-mali ukuba bathenge rhoqo okanye bathengise izixhobo zemali.
3. Kuya kufuneka uhlawule kakuhle uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha bohlalutyo. Abarhwebi abaluchazi olo lwazi simahla.
4. Asimele silibale ukuba silumke. Abarhwebi badla ngokuzifihla phantsi kwengubo yabarhwebi abanamava nabanobuhlobo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuvula nokugcina i-akhawunti yomrhwebi asingomsebenzi olula (kwaye akusoloko kuqinisekiswa ukuba uya kwenziwa. inzuzo). Ukuze ungaphulukani nogcino lwakho, musa ukuwahoya amanyathelo okhuseleko.