Nigute ishoramari ritandukanye nubucuruzi nicyo guhitamo ukurikije intego?

Umuntu ukekeranya numushoramari ushyira mu gaciro, cyangwa ni gute umucuruzi atandukanye numushoramari wigihe kirekire? Umuntu mushya witabiriye isoko ryimigabane ahura nishoramari nuburyo bwo gutekerezaho. Itandukaniro hagati yabo ntirigaragara, bigatuma bisa nkaho ushobora gusiba kwiga ikibazo, nikosa rikomeye. Nibyingenzi byisoko ryimigabane ugomba gusobanukirwa kugirango wirinde ibibazo bishya, amakosa akomeye no gutakaza amafaranga. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yubucuruzi nishoramari – reka duhere kubyingenzi.

Uburyo bwihariye bwo gucuruza

Uburyo bwo gukekeranya bukoreshwa nabacuruzi binjiza amafaranga kumihindagurikire yigihe gito ku isoko, babonye ibintu byiza, bakora amasezerano amara amasegonda make kugeza kumwaka umwe. Umucuruzi winjiye mumasezerano ya kabiri akoresha uburyo bwo gupima, mubyukuri agabanya inyungu nto kumubare munini wumutungo. Umuntu ukora ubucuruzi bwisaha yiswe umucuruzi wumunsi, mubyukuri ntabwo yohereza ibicuruzwa kumunsi ukurikira. Gucuruza hamwe nurutonde rwiminsi myinshi byitwa swing trading, ibikorwa nkibi birashobora gusubikwa amezi, ariko kugeza kumwaka umwe.
Gucuruza ntabwo byoroshye, kuko bisaba guhora witabwaho no kwibanda. Kuba kuri mudasobwa birarambiranye, byongeye, ibintu byo mumitekerereze biganisha ku buzima bubi. Kubera izo mpamvu, kwamamaza hamwe nimbuga nkoranyambaga kuvuza amafaranga byoroshye ni ibinyoma bidafite ishingiro. Nta kimenyetso, ibipimo nibindi bikoresho bizagufasha kubona amafaranga yoroshye. Uburyo bwo gukekeranya ntibuzahuza abantu bose, bizakenera imitsi yicyuma, ubushobozi bwo kwifata mugihe kitoroshye numutwe ukonje mumurimo wose. Mubyongeyeho, ugomba kwiga uburyo bwose bwo gusesengura tekinike, igikoresho nyamukuru cyumucuruzi, kimwe nibipimo bya tekiniki, abafasha mugusesengura umutungo uriho.
Nyuma yibyo, urashobora gutangira gushaka amafaranga kumasoko yimigabane, nubwo bitazahora bigenda neza, amakosa kumasoko yimigabane nibintu bisanzwe kandi mubikorwa byumucuruzi. Akazi gashingiye ku gusesengura isoko kunaniza, binyuze mu mbonerahamwe y’ibiciro by’umutungo. Kubona ibintu bikwiye, umucuruzi akora amasezerano. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_401” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “624”]
Imbonerahamwe nkiyi mubikorwa byumucuruzi irasanzwe [/ caption] Kugirango uhanure uko ibiciro bigenda, umucuruzi yerekeza ku mibare y’imibare y’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro no ku buhanga bw’imibare. Kugirango ukore ibi, abanza kureba imbonerahamwe akiga uburyo igiciro cyahindutse mugihe runaka. Niba wiga imbonerahamwe igihe kirekire, uzabona ko igiciro kigenda gikurikiza amategeko amwe – imiterere. Byashizweho bitewe nuko imbaga ifite ibyo akunda ningeso zimwe, tutitaye kubihe. Abacuruzi bamwe muri rusange birengagiza amakuru bakareba imbonerahamwe gusa, ariko hari abibanda ku makuru n’ibikorwa bikora, ariko bashishikajwe no gutangaza raporo y’imari y’isosiyete atari mu gihe kirekire, ariko mu gihe gito. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_493” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “465”]
Ubuzima bwumucuruzi – ntabwo abantu bose biteguye kuribi [/ caption]

Twakagombye kuzirikana ko mbere yuko umucuruzi akora ibicuruzwa byose n’amaboko ye kandi byumvikane ko uyu mwuga wabonwaga ko unaniwe cyane. Noneho ibintu birahinduka, kubera ko ubucuruzi bwintoki busimburwa nubucuruzi bwimashini –
gucuruza algorithmic. Iki nikibazo mugihe ibikorwa byivunjisha bikozwe na robo, ariko umuntu abanza gushushanya sisitemu ye yubucuruzi, nkuko azabyandika umujyanama wubucuruzi.

Hano hari ibintu byabantu, ariko imashini nkiyi itwara umwanya wumucuruzi. Imibare iratangaje: ku Isoko ry’imigabane rya New York, hafi 95 ku ijana by’ibicuruzwa byose bikekwa bikorwa na robo, ni ukuvuga ko uyu munsi ubucuruzi ari intambara ya robo. Mbere ya byose, ubucuruzi bisobanura gucuruza ku isoko ryo kuvunja ejo hazaza, ni ukuvuga ku isoko ryibihome. Iri rishobora kuba isoko ikomoka ku Isoko ry’i Moscou, aho ahazaza hacururizwa, cyangwa ku isoko ry’amahanga. Mubyongeyeho, ubucuruzi burimo akazi kumasoko yimbere. Hano hari ibigo byuburiganya, hariho ibigo bifite uruhushya rwa Banki yUburusiya cyangwa impushya zo hanze. Izi sosiyete zifite ikinyabupfura gike, ariko nazo zifite imibare ibabaje yabacuruzi kurwego rurerure. Ibi biterwa no kwamamaza kutitonda no gukurura abantu mubucuruzi bakeneye gushora imari mubitekerezo.
Gucuruza bifite inyungu nyinshi zidashobora guhakana: icya mbere, amafaranga yabacuruzi ntabwo akonjeshwa igihe kinini, kandi icya kabiri, urashobora kwinjiza kumahindagurika yisoko kandi ushobora no gutakaza amafaranga kuriyi ihindagurika, urashobora kwinjiza haba mukuzamuka no kugwa. , bidashobora kuvugwa kubyerekeye uburyo bwo gushora imari.

Umusanzu w’ishoramari ejo hazaza

Ishoramari ni inkingi ihabanye nubucuruzi. Niba umucuruzi yinjiza abikesheje ihindagurika ryigihe gito, noneho abashoramari ntibitondera ihindagurika. Intego yabo ni imyumvire yisi yose hamwe nigihe kirekire. Ntacyo bitwaye umushoramari niba igiciro cyimigabane cyaragabanutseho 20% uyumunsi cyangwa cyazamutseho 30% ejo.
Mu byiciro bibiri byingenzi: ishoramari ry’imigabane – ibi bikubiyemo imigabane yimigabane muri sosiyete, ideni – urubanza umushoramari aguriza leta cyangwa isosiyete kandi yakira inyungu zayo – ibi birimo bonds.

Niba umucuruzi yishingikirije ku mibare ishoboka y’ibarurishamibare, noneho umurimo wumushoramari nugukora icyegeranyo kibishoboye no gusesengura amakuru no gufata icyemezo cyiza mugihe kirekire

Uburyo abashoramari basesengura amakuru: iyo bahisemo imigabane yo kugura, bareba mu gihugu iki kigega gicururizwamo, ikirere cyishoramari gihari, ibihe bya politiki, ubukungu bwifashe nabi, noneho bahitamo inganda bashaka kugura imigabane, bareba uburyo bitanga icyizere, niba bigenda bigabanuka, hari amafaranga nibishoboka byiterambere. Gusa rero, bahitamo isosiyete runaka, bagasesengura imikorere yubucuruzi bwayo, bagasuzuma ibipimo byimari, ibisobanuro, ibipimo, bagerageza kumva uburyo ibiciro byimigabane byumugabane bihuye nagaciro nyako. Abashoramari baragerageza guhitamo ibigo bidahabwa agaciro, bihendutse biteze ko ubu isoko itarasobanukirwa agaciro kiyi sosiyete, ariko igihe nikigera, amagambo azamuka. Ubwenge bwumushoramari nuko niba ubucuruzi ari bwiza, bukora, butanga icyizere, noneho bitinde bitebuke amagambo yisosiyete azafata, numushoramari azi gutegereza. Iyo ufata ibyemezo, abashoramari bayoborwa nisesengura ryibanze, ariko isesengura rya tekiniki ntabwo ari abanyamahanga. Umushoramari areba imbonerahamwe kugirango ahitemo neza aho yinjira.

Isesengura ryibanze ninzira igoye itwara igihe, ariko uyumunsi byoroheje bitewe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Noneho nta mpamvu yo gushushanya imirongo n’ibipimo wenyine. Mu isesengura ryibanze, ntabwo ari ngombwa na gato kubara mu bwigenge coefficient zose – hariho gahunda zidasanzwe, induru zitanga imigabane byorohereza umushoramari guhitamo igikoresho cyo gushora imari.

Ni izihe nyungu zo gushora imari?

Kuba, icya mbere, birumvikana ko iki ari igihe cyiza cyo kuzigama ugereranije n’ubucuruzi – kandi ishoramari ntirishobora kuba umwuga wingenzi, ariko ibyo ukunda mugihe cyawe cyawe. Ishoramari naryo rifite ibibi: icya mbere, amafaranga yahagaritswe igihe kirekire, imari shingiro ntabwo igendanwa. Ishoramari ninzira ikomeye. Ntugomba guta igihe kugirango utezimbere ubumenyi bwawe, ugomba guhuza no gutegereza igihe kirekire kandi ukabasha kurokoka kugwa kw’isoko no kugabanuka kw’amafaranga yawe. Ntugomba kandi guhagarara kumurongo umwe, ahubwo ugomba gukora portfolio yuzuye izuzuza ibyo ukeneye byose.

Ishoramari vs gucuruza – itandukaniro riri hagati yumushoramari nu mucuruzi rirasobanutse

Umushoramari	Abashushanya – umucuruzi
Guhitamo umutungo, akoresha isesengura ryibanze, hamwe nisesengura rya tekiniki.	Koresha isesengura rya tekiniki mugihe uhisemo umutungo, rimwe na rimwe ukuzuzanya nibyingenzi.
Kugirango ushore neza, umara amasaha menshi kumunsi	Kubwinyungu, umara umunsi wakazi wose
Igihe cyishoramari kuva umwaka 1	Umucuruzi akora transaction kuva mumasegonda make kugeza kumwaka umwe
Inyungu ingana na 8-15% kumwaka uhereye kubitsa bwa mbere bifatwa nkigisubizo cyiza	Inyungu ntigihungabana, igihombo no kurimbuka kwuzuye bikunze kubaho. Ariko hamwe nubucuruzi bwiza, umucuruzi yakira 40-100% kumwaka uhereye kubitsa bwa mbere.

Ingingo irerekana ingingo zihuriweho zijyanye numwuga umwe, ariko hamwe nuburyo butandukanye. Umucuruzi numushoramari nibyiza kimwe, buri wese akurikirana intego ye. Bombi bakeneye kwiga no kwiteza imbere kugirango ubucuruzi bwose nisesengura byere imbuto. Amafaranga yinjiza umushoramari numucuruzi aratandukanye, bitewe nigihe cyabo. Turashobora kuvuga ko inyungu nziza yumucuruzi ari 30%, ariko ibi siko bimeze, aya ni inyungu nziza, kandi iri hejuru yikigereranyo ku isoko. Niba umucuruzi atatakaye, noneho yamaze kwinjiza, nkuko babivuga mubyiciro byumwuga.Umushoramari aricisha bugufi kandi yiteze ko azahabwa 10-15% kumwaka kandi benshi bazanyurwa. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_1177” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “702”]
Inzira yumucuruzi numushoramari [/ caption] Guhitamo inzira biterwa numuntu, intego ze, imico nubushobozi. Ntabwo abantu bose bazashobora guhuza uruhu rwidubu no kuba idubu, kubacuruzi, ububiko bwimiterere ni ngombwa, iki nikimwe mubikorwa byatsinze. Biroroshye kubashoramari kubera gutegereza-kubona-inzira, urashobora guhura nigihombo ugategereza inyungu kumyaka. Umwuga rwose urashimishije kandi ntuzaba mwinshi, buriwese akeneye agasanduku k’amafaranga kumunsi wimvura, kandi ishoramari rigufasha gukora agasanduku kirabura kabishoboye, hamwe ninjiza yinyongera.