Ungaba kanjani umhleli kusukela ekuqaleni: imiyalelo, izifundo, ukuthi ungaqala nini futhi kuyafaneleka

Isihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi ungaba kanjani umqambi kusukela ekuqaleni eminyakeni ehlukene. Isho ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo uchwepheshe kulo mkhakha okufanele abe nazo, yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze ube munye.
Imayelana nemfundo kanye nekhono lokusebenza ngaphandle kwayo. Izimpahla ezizodinga ukuqeqeshwa zichazwe. Ikhuluma ngeminyaka lapho kungcono ukuqala ukufunda umsebenzi, ukuthi ungawuthola kanjani futhi kuphi umsebenzi wokuba wuhlelo, nokunye okuningi. Ukuhlela kuwumsebenzi othakazelisa kakhulu futhi odingeka kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Umuntu onquma ukucwila kuwo kufanele abe “kuwe” ngobuchwepheshe futhi angesabi ubunzima. Ukufunda lo msebenzi akulula futhi isikhathi eside, kodwa ngesifiso, ungakwazi ukufeza okuningi ngesikhathi esifushane. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11638” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1224”]
Amaholo emkhakheni we-IT[/ amazwibela]

Ubani umdidiyeli futhi wenzani?

Umklami uchwepheshe osebenza ekudaleni ikhodi yohlelo lwanoma iyiphi indlela noma igajethi. Ukuze enze lokhu, usebenzisa olunye lwezilimi zokuhlela, ezihlanganisa izinhlamvu namagama ahlukahlukene. Ngaluphi ulimi lokudala ikhodi, unjiniyela ukhetha. Kuncike olwazini lwakhe kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi okufanele awenze. Uchwepheshe omuhle kufanele aqonde okungenani izilimi ezi-3-5.
Umhleli akahlali esebenzisana nekhompyutha. Angakwazi ukwenza ikhodi ngisho nasephepheni elilula. Udinga i-PC ukuze ahlole isenzo sakhe phakathi nokususa iphutha okulandelayo. Abaqalayo bavame ukudida umklami nochwepheshe we-IT. Owesibili ungaba nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obungaba ngu-50 (umphathi wesistimu, uchwepheshe wokusebenziseka, uchwepheshe we-SEO, nabanye). Kepha ungaba uchwepheshe omuhle we-IT kuphela ngokufunda izisekelo zokuhlela. Onjiniyela bahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko:

1. Kufakiwe : dala izinhlelo zokusebenza zegeyimu, izinhlelo zehhovisi, njll.
2. Isistimu : bhala i-OS.
3. Abahleli bewebhu : sebenza ekudaleni amawebhusayithi.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi lomsebenzi

Abafakizicelo banamuhla banesithakazelo esikhulu kulo msebenzi. Ngempela, namuhla abantu abasha bafunda kalula ubuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha futhi bazi kahle kunoma iyiphi inqubo. Ukuhlela kuwumsebenzi ojabulisa ngempela oqhuba inqubekelaphambili kakhulu. Kodwa kule ndawo kukhona kokubili pluses kanye minuses.
Izici ezinhle zomsebenzi:

1. Iholo elihle . Uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe futhi onolwazi uthola isilinganiso sama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80-100. Kwabaphakathi, iholo lingafinyelela ku-150-200 k.
2. Imisebenzi eminingi.  Abahleli bezinhlelo badingeka kakhulu namuhla, ngoba kunenqubo yomhlaba wonke yokwenza idijithali emhlabeni wonke.
3. Indiza yokudala . Umthuthukisi angabonisa umcabango wakhe, zama amakhodi ahlukene nezindlela zokuxazulula inkinga, ahlole ukusebenza kwawo, enze okuthile okusha.
4. Amathuba okusebenza ukude . Lona umsebenzi ongenziwa noma nini nanoma kuphi, into eyinhloko ukuthi iphrojekthi iqedwe ngesikhathi.
5. Ukukhula komsebenzi kunoma yiliphi izwe . Wonke amazwe anenqubekela phambili anesidingo esikhulu sochwepheshe abahlakaniphile.

Izici ezingezinhle zomsebenzi:

1. umsebenzi wokuziphilisa . Umhleli angasebenza usuku lonke endaweni eyodwa kukhompuyutha. Lokhu kubangela izinkinga ngesistimu ye-musculoskeletal kanye nombono.
2. Inqubo yokufunda eqhubekayo . Ukuqamba okusha akumile. Intuthuko entsha ivela nsuku zonke, abahleli bezinhlelo kufanele bazi ngakho konke okuhlobene nomsebenzi wabo.

Kungani ube ngumqambi

Wonke umuntu ocabanga ngalo msebenzi kufanele azibonele kuwo. Ake sithi wayeyingcweti kwezesayensi esikoleni, angakhetha umsebenzi oseduze lapho angabonisa khona kangcono amakhono akhe. Isibonelo, ukuba isazi sezibalo, noma ukufunda isayensi yekhompiyutha, njll. Uma umuntu esesigabeni sokukhetha, kufanele agxile embuzweni owodwa: “Ingabe ngifuna ukuba umdidiyeli wezinhlelo, noma ngithanda omunye umkhakha ofanayo lapho engingaba khona uchwepheshe ophumelelayo?” Uma le ndawo iheha, asikho isikhala sokungabaza. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11639″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1200″]
Ukungabaza kwabahleli bohlelo abahlulekile[/caption]

Ubani ofanele lo msebenzi

Ukwenza izinhlelo kuthandeka kakhulu kubantu abathanda ubuchwepheshe besimanje. Kudingeka futhi babe nolwazi ngobuchwepheshe (kodwa kukhona okuhlukile). Kudingeka ukuthuthukisa ingqondo, ukubekezela, ukucabanga okungaqondakali, ukutadisha ulwazi olusha mayelana nobuchwepheshe.

Yiziphi izimfanelo umdidiyeli okufanele abe nazo?

Onjiniyela bavame ukuxhumana nabantu abaningi abahlukahlukene. Inkampani yabahleli bezinhlelo iyohlala ijabulela ukuba nesisebenzi esithembekile, esinobudlelwano obuhle nesivulekile. Uzakwethu onjalo uzimisele kakhulu ukuvuma ukusiza nokuhlangana phakathi. Umhleli omuhle kufanele abe nalezi zimfanelo:

• Ukwazi ukubeka phambili ngendlela efanele, ukukhetha umsebenzi othembisayo kanye nokubala isikhathi sokuqalisa kwawo;
• Lungiselela ukusebenza eqenjini (kunzima kakhulu kuma-introverts);
• Sebenza kahle ngemisebenzi, yenze isebenze kahle futhi uyihlukanise ibe izingxenye eziningana;
• Gxila emgomweni othile, ungaphazanyiswa yizinto ezincane (ngaphandle kwalokho ungalahleka kukhodi);
• Ungabi namahloni okubuza nokucacisa amaphuzu acashile – avela kozakwethu, ikhasimende, uchwepheshe ojwayelekile;
• Hlale uthuthuke ensimini yakho futhi uzilolonge kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka;
• Vuma amaphutha, zama ukwenza ngezindlela ezahlukene, uzuze imiphumela.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11640″ align=”aligncenter” width=”920″]
Amandla akho angaboniswa kumdwebo ofanayo[/caption]

Ungaba kanjani umhleli kusukela ekuqaleni – qala manje!

Into yokuqala eyenziwa yilowo nalowo muntu wesibili onquma ukuzizama kulo mkhakha uyazibuza: “Ungaba kanjani umhleli kusukela ekuqaleni?” Kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi iluphi uchwepheshe bonjiniyela olufaneleka kakhulu kuye. Kuya ngokuthi yini afuna ukuyenza: dala amawebhusayithi, bhala amakhodi emidlalo, njalo njalo. Khona-ke udinga ukukhetha ulimi lokuhlela, ufunde futhi uzame ukwenza kahle lo msebenzi ngokusebenza.

Izikhombisi-ndlela ezidumile emkhakheni wentuthuko

Izindawo ezidume kakhulu zokuhlela namuhla yilezi:

1. Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zebhizinisi . Lonke ibhizinisi lidinga okuzenzakalelayo. Kulo mkhakha, izinhlelo zenkampani ye-1C zivame ukusetshenziswa.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwewebhu . Uhlobo lomsebenzi luncike ezidingweni zekhasimende. Kungaba iseva yenkampani, iwebhusayithi yesitolo se-inthanethi, ibhulogi yomuntu odumile. Ngokuyinhloko kusetshenziswa i-PHP, i-JavaScript ne-Python.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula . Uma uchwepheshe ekwazi ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zama-smartphone, angathola kalula umsebenzi okhokhelwa kahle. Angakwazi futhi ukubhala ikhodi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigunyaziwe futhi azishicilele ku-GooglePlay noma ku-AppStor.

Ngendlela, enye yezifundo ezinhle kakhulu
zeJavaScript , ngesiRashiya.

Ungayithola kuphi imfundo yomhleli nokuthi yini edingekayo ukuze ube umthuthukisi – izimfanelo zomuntu siqu, ezezimali namathuba

E-Russian Federation kunamanyuvesi amaningi nezikole zobuchwepheshe eziqeqesha abahleli abaqeqeshiwe. Izikhungo namanyuvesi eMoscow:

• Moscow State University . Izindleko: 220,000 ruble / ngonyaka. Isikhathi: iminyaka engu-4-6 https://sev.msu.ru/kafedra-programmirovaniya/. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11647″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1136″] Umnyango Wokuhlela weNyuvesi YaseMoscow[/caption]
• Inyuvesi yaseMoscow Polytechnic . Izindleko: 89,000 ruble / ngonyaka. Isikhathi seminyaka engu-4-6.
• Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology . Izindleko: 250,000 ruble / ngonyaka. Isikhathi: 4-6 iminyaka.

Izikole zobuchwepheshe kanye namakolishi enhloko-dolobha:

• I-Capital Business College . Izindleko: 93,000 ruble / ngonyaka. Isikhathi: iminyaka emi-2 nezinyanga eziyi-9.
• College MGUPI . Izindleko zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 / ngonyaka. Isikhathi: iminyaka emi-2 nezinyanga eziyisi-6.
• Isikole sobuchwepheshe sokwenza izinsimbi eMoscow . Kubiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-99 / ngonyaka Ithemu: iminyaka emi-2 nezinyanga eziyi-10.

Yiziphi izifundo okudingeka uzithathe lapho wamukelwe ukuze ube ngumhleli

Ukuze ufunde njengomhleli, umfakisicelo kumele aphumelele izivivinyo ngesiRashiya, izibalo, i-physics kanye nesayensi yekhompyutha. Phakathi kweziyalo ezimbili zokugcina, udinga ukukhetha, ngokuya ngobungcweti besikhathi esizayo. Isifundo esengeziwe – IsiNgisi. Kodwa kwezinye izikhungo zemfundo, ukuhlolwa okunjalo akudingekile.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba umhleli ngaphandle kwemfundo

Ukuze ube umthuthukisi, akudingekile ukuba nediploma yemfundo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwayo, kuzoba nzima kuchwepheshe we-novice ukuthola umsebenzi omuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodingeka ufunde kanzima noma kunjalo. Kuzodingeka ulungiselele ubunzima, ube ngumuntu okwazi ukumelana nezimo nokuziphatha kahle. Into esemqoka ukuthi ube nesifiso nokulungela umsebenzi othela izithelo kuwena.

Izifundo zokuhlela – ukufunda kusuka ekuqaleni ekhaya

Namuhla ziningi zazo, ezimweni zangempela nakunethiwekhi. Izifundo ngokuvamile azimahhala, kodwa abahleli bazokwazi ukunikeza umfundi uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuqeqesha. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele ukuhlela ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngokuvamile imisebenzi enjalo yenziwa ngokuhlanganyela. Izifundo zinhle kakhulu ngokukusiza ukuthi uhleleke futhi ugxile emgomweni othile. Kuzoba khona isifundo setiyori, labo abangase babathuthukisi abazosisebenzisa ngokushesha, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukathisha. Umsebenzi othile unikezwa indlu, ngemva kokuqeda lokho, umuntu uzokwazi ukubuza umbuzo kumphathi. Sincoma izifundo ezilandelayo zabaqalayo abafuna ukwenza lo msebenzi kahle:
I- HTML Academy .
i-codecademy .
“Izisekelo ze-PHP ku-Code Basics” I-
Yandex Workshop .
freecodecamp .

Ucwaningo oluholwa ngumeluleki

Lolu hlobo lokuqeqeshwa luhle ngoba ungakwazi ukubhalisela iqoqo lezifundo zomuntu ngamunye nomfundisi. Lokhu kudinga nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezezimali, kodwa umphumela uzosebenza kakhulu. Phela umeluleki uzobhekana nomfundi oyedwa, azinike isikhathi esiningi kuye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokufunda izohamba ngokushesha nakakhulu. Lo msebenzi uvamile kokubili ku-inthanethi nasempilweni yangempela. Umfundisi udala uhlelo lomuntu ngamunye lwesigceme ngasinye, ngokusekelwe emandleni akhe kanye nobuthakathaka bakhe. Umeluleki angabhalisela umuntu oqalayo, noma umdidiyeli onolwazi ofuna ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe.

Isifundo esizimele sendaba

Kukhona inketho yesithathu yokuqeqeshwa – uwedwa. Futhi iyonga kakhulu futhi yinde kakhulu. Kodwa umuntu kufanele enze uhlelo ngokwakhe, alungiselele izinto zokufundisa futhi alalele futhi alungiselele ulwazi olujulile oluhlelekile lwezwe lokuhlela. Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha ulimi. Zonke zingafundwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa uthisha. Kunamavidiyo amaningi nama-athikili ahlukahlukene ku-inthanethi azosiza unjiniyela wesikhathi esizayo.

Izinsiza zokufundisa zokuthola kahle umsebenzi womhleli kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10-20 kanye nonjiniyela asebekhulile

Udinga ukufunda ezincwadini ezinhle kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-encyclopedia ku-physics nezibalo. Kwabancane, ungathatha izibonelelo zezingane njenge-Avanta+.

Zombili lezi zifundo zakha isisekelo lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona zonke izifundo. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuthenga izincwadi ezilula zokuhlela. “Python for kids” nguJason Briggs uzokwenza.
Ukuze uqhubeke, ungasebenzisa incwadi ethi “Python: Great Programming in Minecraft” ka-Andrey Koryagin. Imanuwali inokuxhumana nezibalo, inolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezixhumanisi ze-3D, imisebenzi nokunye. Iwusizo ekutadisheni amarobhothi.
Ukuthuthukisa amakhono ezinhlelweni noma umakhenikha, kutuswa ukuba unake “Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa nge-Lego” – Koryagin A.
Konjiniyela abancane abasafunda okuyisisekelo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uzijwayeze ne-Lego WeDo Educational Robotics. Incwadi yokubhalela ifakiwe kanye nencwadi.
Njengoba usufunde izinto ezilula, ungaqhubekela kokuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ku-C ++. Isibonelo, imanuwali yabafundi kaHerbert Schildt ifanelekile.
Kuyatuswa futhi ukuthi unganaki incwadi ka-Delphi ka-Nikita Kultin:
Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza amakhodi emidlalo, kufanelekile ukusebenzisana ne-C # esekelwe ku-Unity, ka-J. Manning.
Ingabe umhleli udinga ukwazi izibalo: https://youtu.be/_2beqwXS9Os

Izindlela ezi-2 zokwenza njengonjiniyela wewebhu – isiphetho esingaphambili VS ngemuva

Abahleli bohlelo abakha isayithi bahlukaniswe ngama-“fronts” angu-2 amakhulu: “i-frontend” kanye ne-“backend”. Ochwepheshe abanquma ukuxhuma ikusasa labo nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu kufanele banqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwalo msebenzi abalukhethayo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu oyedwa akakwazi ukusebenza ku-backend nangaphambili ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kusadingeka uqale endaweni ethile, futhi ngokuhlangenwe nakho ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela. Ukuze ukhethe okukhethekile, kufanele uzijwayeze ngezici kanye nemininingwane yakho kokubili.

Umehluko oyinhloko

Uchwepheshe wangaphambili unesibopho sohlangothi lwesayithi olufinyeleleka futhi olubonakala kusivakashi. Uthuthukisa isakhiwo sokuklama, udala ukusebenza okuzokhululeka ukukusebenzisa. Umhleli wale phrofayela uzama ukwenza isayithi lisebenze kahle futhi lingahlanekezeli okubonakalayo kumadivayisi nasezipheqululini. Ukuze usebenze ngaphambili, umhleli we-novice kufanele afunde izinto eziyisisekelo, okuyilezi: HTML, CSS, SASS, JavaScript. Umsebenzi womthuthukisi ongemuva ungolunye uhlangothi lwemali efanayo. Unesibopho sokudala ubuchwepheshe obungabonakali kumsebenzisi. Kalula nje, uchwepheshe wenza wonke lawo mathebhu, izinkinobho nezinye izici zokusebenza zisebenze. Oqalayo emkhakheni we-backend kufanele futhi abe nolwazi oluthile: funda izilimi ezi-1 noma ezimbalwa zokuhlela, akwazi ukusebenzisa isistimu yokulawula inguqulo, aqonde isizindalwazi futhi ajwayele i-JSON:API.
i-frontend-i-backend[/caption]

Imisebenzi Ejwayelekile

I-Frontend yenza lokhu:

1. Ngokwakha izindawo zokuhlangana nezakhiwo, ingaphambili lingathuthukisa insiza yesitolo se-inthanethi. Uhlu lwemisebenzi yakhe luhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezincwadi zezindaba.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SPA. Uma ibhange licela ukwenza isicelo, lizoqukatha amashadi nemidwebo, imisebenzi yokulandelela ukonga, isibali, idatha yemali, nokuningi.

I-backend isebenza kokuthi:

1. Ukwakhiwa kwe-CRUD. Lapho umsebenzisi ebhalisa kuseva futhi i-akhawunti yakhe idaliwe, ngemuva kufanele ibhale ikhodi yomuntu siqu. Ngayo, ungagcina noma yiziphi izinguquko, ususe iphrofayela noma uyibuyisele.
2. Kucutshungulwa ulwazi olusebenze ngaphambili. Le datha kufanele igcinwe futhi yakhiwe. Uchwepheshe ubhekana nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi kusizindalwazi, uphatha ama-cache, njll.
3. Ucwaningo lwemibhalo ehlukahlukene. Kufanele aklame uhlelo ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, uma kungazelelwe okuthile kungahambi kahle esigabeni esithile, lokhu akumele kuthinte i-algorithm yonke.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11648″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1196″]
backend-developer-roadmap-2022[/caption]

Ngifuna ukuba unjiniyela – yini okufanele ngikhethe?

I-Frontend ilungele labo:

• ufuna ukuqala ukusebenza futhi uthole imali emkhakheni we-IT ngesikhathi esifushane;
• uthanda ukusebenza ngokubonwa kwesayithi, esebenzisa indlela yokudala;
• akakwazi ukubekezelela isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba abone izithelo zemizamo yakhe.

I-backend iyindlela engcono kakhulu yabantu:

• ngengqondo yezobuchwepheshe;
• abangathandi ukwenza isakhiwo;
• abafuna ukukhuphuka ngezinga lomsebenzi futhi bakhule baze bafike esikhundleni sokuba yinduna.

Iluphi ulimi lokuhlela okufanele umthuthukisi we-novice alukhethe ngo-2022?

Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha ulimi olulodwa olulula kakhulu lokuhlela. Ngisho nalabo abazoba i-gurus emkhakheni wabo, akunconywa ukuqala ngokufunda izilimi eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-C ++. Kwabaqalayo abaningi, lokhu kuzoba umsebenzi onzima futhi bazodiliza, balahlekelwe yintshisekelo yokuhlela. Iluphi ulimi lohlelo ongalukhetha ngo-2022:

Kufanelekile ukuqala ngalawa:

Klwelwa

I-Scratch ingenye yezinto okulula ukuzifunda. Ngosizo lwayo, izingane zethulwa ezinhlelweni. Akudingekile ukubamba ngekhanda futhi ubhale amakhodi kusenesikhathi. Zonke izilimi zokwakha zingahudulwa ngegundane. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlela amakhadi wopopayi, imidlalo, amafilimu, izethulo. Njengesibonelo, nansi ividiyo yokuthi ungawakha kanjani umdlalo wokucabanga olula: https://youtu.be/yUWl37QKLzw

1C

I-1C – ukuhlela ngesiRashiya, okwenza umsebenzi ube lula. Iphrojekthi yakhelwe ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo umsebenzi wezomnotho nowenhlangano wanoma iyiphi inkampani. Abasaqalayo abahlela ukulusebenzisa kahle uhlelo lwe-1C bayelulekwa ukuthi babukele ividiyo, echaza amaphuzu athakazelisayo namaqiniso ekusebenzeni nayo: https://youtu.be/MN9cam6yWKw

I-JavaScript

Kuzothatha oqalayo cishe amahora ambalwa ukufunda okuyisisekelo nokubhala ikhodi yokugqwayiza, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olulula, noma umdlalo olula. Ngendlela, umsebenzisi uzokwazi ukuyizama kunoma yisiphi isiphequluli. Ake sizame ukwenza umdlalo wokuqala: https://youtu.be/Av53VJI-UiE

I-Python

I-Python – ungafunda ikhodi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, ikakhulukazi uma wazi izisekelo ze-HTML. Iphrojekthi yakhelwe ukusiza imisebenzi yonjiniyela. Usebenzisa lolu limi, ungenza umdlalo weNyoka, udale umsizi wezwi lomuntu siqu noma i-Telegraph bot, nokunye okuningi. Miningi imibono yabaqalayo okufanele le vidiyo ikhuthazeke: https://youtu.be/VRYxdyWJ3_U PHP – ngenxa yalolu limi, uzokwazi ukulungiselela ngempumelelo uhlelo lwewebhu. Ifaneleka kahle ekudaleni imibhalo yekhonsoli, amawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emfushane yokuthi usenza kanjani isizinda nesakhiwo sesitolo esiku-inthanethi: https://youtu.be/FxrWRHCMOT8 Izilimi ezidumile zokuhlela zika-2022:

Lokho unjiniyela wesikhathi esizayo okudingeka akufunde

Ngaphezu kolimi lohlelo, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle:

• izibalo;
• izibalo;
• Ulimi lwesingisi;
• logic
• i-physics;
• ulwazi.

Ukuzijwayeza njalo

Kudingekile ukuhlela okuthile nsuku zonke, kuqala ngentuthuko elula futhi uqhubeke ngezinye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ekuqaleni, unjiniyela we-novice ubhala amakhodi amabi ngokungananazi. Lapho eqala ukuqonda lokhu, uzama ukuthuthukisa uhlelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhuphukela phezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka njalo, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi umhleli uzama ukuthuthukisa indalo yakhe. Uma ungazilolongi, yonke ithiyori ekugcineni izolibaleka.

Basebenza kuphi abahleli

Abathuthukisi bayadingeka nomaphi lapho kunezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo, ukusebenza nezinkundla eziku-inthanethi. Basebenza emahhovisi avamile noma ekhaya, uma iziphathimandla bengenandaba. E-Russian Federation, umkhuba wokufuduka kwabahleli bezinhlelo bayosebenza phesheya usuyabonakala. Kwamanye amazwe, iholo lochwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu lidlula elendawo cishe izikhathi ezingu-2-3.

Ungawufuna kanjani umsebenzi

Naphezu kokuduma, iholo eliphezulu kanye nokushoda okukhulu kwabasebenzi, akuzona zonke izinkampani ezijahile ukuxhumana nabahleli bezinhlelo abaqalayo. Phela abaqashi abaningi badinga ochwepheshe abangadingi ukufundiswa lutho. Kodwa awukwazi ukuyeka. Kufanele ushayele izikhangiso, uye endaweni yokwamukela amabhizinisi, ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zabo. Kodwa okokuqala udinga ukulungiselela:

1. Dala i-resume . Noma iyiphi inhlangano ezihloniphayo izodinga lo mbhalo kulowo ongase abe umsebenzi. Kufanele iqukathe: ulwazi ngemfundo nolwazi lomsebenzi (uma lukhona), incazelo yamakhono nezimfanelo, othintana nabo, ulwazi lwezilimi nakho konke okungase kube usizo.
2. Namathisela idiploma . Ngemfundo, abaqashi bazimisele kakhulu ukuthatha abahleli bezinhlelo ukuze bathole isikhundla.
3. Idokhumenti yesipiliyoni somsebenzi . Iphinde ibe namathuba amahle. Ungayithatha emsebenzini odlule.
4. Lungiselela iphothifoliyo . Kuzoba lula ukunquma izinga lobuchwepheshe bomuntu ozokhethwa esikhaleni. U-Eichar uzokwazi ukubuka umsebenzi futhi aqonde ukuthi umuntu angakwazi yini ukubhekana nemisebenzi enjalo.

Izici Zengxoxo

Awukho umsebenzi ofanele ukwesaba nezinkathazo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uya ku-interview, awudingi ukukhathazeka. Kungcono ukuzama ukuzidonsa futhi uzibeke ukuze kungabi umqashi wesikhathi esizayo oqasha uchwepheshe, kodwa yena ngokwakhe unquma ukuthi udinga isikhundla esinjalo. Kufanele ukhulume ngamandla akho.
Inhlolokhono ayiyona isivivinyo, kodwa yithuba lokuziveza ngendlela efanele. Kudingekile ukubuza umuntu ongaba umphathi mayelana nezimo zokusebenza, amathuba okukhula kwenkampani, amathuba emisebenzi, njll. Bese ebona umuntu ozethembayo phambi kwakhe. Futhi wonke amabhizinisi adinga abasebenzi abanjalo.

I-Internship yomhleli

Lapho umthuthukisi ethathwa ngesikhathi sesilingo, lesi akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka ukuthi ekugcineni, umphathi uzokwenqaba ukubambisana. Ngokuphambene nalokho, udinga ukukhombisa amakhono akho ohlangothini oluhle kakhulu futhi uqhubeke nokufunda izinto ezintsha. Ezimweni eziningi, i-internship iwumthetho, isikhathi okudingeka usilinde ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo somsebenzi ngokusemthethweni.

Yiziphi izinselele onjiniyela abaqalayo ababhekana nazo?

Umsebenzi wonjiniyela uyathandeka futhi awujwayelekile. Kodwa, njengakunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, kukhona “izingibe” lapha futhi. Kuhlongozwa ukuthi uzijwayeze nobunzima obujwayelekile obulindele abaqalayo:

1. Ukusebenza ngekhodi yomunye umuntu . Ochwepheshe abahlale bebhala izinhlelo zabo kusukela ekuqaleni. Kwesinye isikhathi kumele babhekane nokuphothulwa kohlelo lomunye umdidiyeli. Isisebenzi ngasinye sinezinga laso lolwazi namakhono. Ubunzima bukhona eqinisweni lokuthi ngezinye izikhathi ikhodi ingahlanganiswa unjiniyela othuthuke kakhulu, noma ongafundile kangako. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuqonda ukudalwa komunye umuntu akulula, ikakhulukazi kwabaqalayo.
2. Ukusebenza Ezinhlelweni Ezinkulu Neziyinkimbinkimbi . Ngokufanelekile, zonke izinhlelo eziqukethwe ezinhlelweni zesofthiwe kufanele zibe khona ngokwehlukana futhi zikwazi ukushintshana imiyalezo. Eqinisweni, lokhu akwenzeki. Izinkimbinkimbi zihlanganisa izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zemigqa yekhodi. Ukuze baziqonde, abahleli bohlelo abaningi bachaza lokho osekubhalwe izinyanga eziningi.

Indlela yokugwema ubunzima emsebenzini womklami

Ukuthuthukiswa komunye umuntu kubizwa nge-Legacy-code. Ukuze uyiqaqe ngempumelelo, kunconywa ukuba uzihlukanise ngokuphelele nayo. Kungcono ukudala i-subsystem yakho bese ubhala ikhodi ngokwakho, ngezikhathi ezithile uhlola umsebenzi wakho nabanye. Khona-ke kuyoba nokudideka okuncane futhi uzokwazi ukubhekana ngokushesha namaphutha osebenza naye.

Uneminyaka emingaki ukuthi kungcono ukufunda izinhlelo – kungenzeka yini ukuba unjiniyela 20-30-40-50 ubudala?

Ayikho imikhawulo yobudala ecacile. Kodwa kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukufunda uneminyaka engu-12-13. Lesi yisikhathi lapho ingane ingagcwali kakhulu ngezifundo futhi isivele ikhuthele. Kuhle ukufunda okuthile okulula kuqala – ukuklama ufudu, noma ukuqala ukwenza ama-flowchart nge-Scratch. Ucwaningo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olujulile lungaqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cishe ngeminyaka eyi-15-20 (ngokuqeqeshwa okuvamile). Njengabantu abadala, akukephuzi kakhulu ukufunda. Uma kukhona ugqozi kanye nentshiseko, khona-ke ungenza izinhlelo lapho usuthatha umhlalaphansi. Into esemqoka ukuthola izinto ezinhle zokufunda nokuzijwayeza njalo. Lawo makhodi azotholakala afakwa kangcono kuphothifoliyo. Lokhu kuzoba ukuhlanganisa okukhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ingabe iminyaka ibaluleke kangaka ku-IT, kuyadingeka yini ukufunda izincwadi, yini okufanele uyenze kubafundi – Ingxoxo no-A. Byndyu: https://youtu.be/jI-cZRFpbkk

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba umhleli

Umbuzo ungowomuntu ngamunye. Kunoma yikuphi, inqubo izothatha iminyaka eminingana. Ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu, kuzokwazi ukuphatha kahle uhlelo oludingekayo eminyakeni engu-3-4. Kodwa kufanele wenze umzamo omkhulu. Iningi labahleli bohlelo asebethuthukile bathatha iminyaka eyi-8-10 ukuze bafunde kahle lo msebenzi onzima.

Ungaba kanjani uchwepheshe ofunwayo kulo mkhakha

Umhleli wezinhlelo uwumsebenzi ohlonishwayo. Manje kulula ukuqonda wonke amakhono adingekayo kunokuba, isibonelo, eminyakeni engu-5-7 edlule. Zonke izinto zokwakha kanye nezifundo zisendaweni yomphakathi. Ukuze ube unjiniyela omuhle, udinga:

• funda ulwazi olusha mayelana nentuthuko;
• njalo bathuthukise amakhono abo;
• shintshisana ngolwazi nabanye abahleli bohlelo;
• zama ukusebenzisana nonjiniyela abahamba phambili ukuze kube nethuba lokukhula ngokomsebenzi.

Kukhona abantu abakhetha ukulahlekelwa iminyaka yabo emsebenzini ongawuthandi, esikhundleni sokuyeka impilo enjalo kanye nokwenza abakuthandayo. Ungesabi ukuzama futhi uzame wena ezindaweni ezahlukene. Uma uthanda uhlelo, kungcono ukuthuthukisa le nto yokuzilibazisa kuze kube yilapho iqala ukukhiqiza imali. Ungaba kanjani umhleli kusukela ekuqaleni ezinsukwini eziyi-187, indaba yangempela – ividiyo yokufundisa: https://youtu.be/PyVT8G1QEg0

Amathiphu wabaqalayo abavela kubahleli bohlelo abadumile

Ongakufunda kubani, uma kungenjalo kubangcweti bomsebenzi wabo wezandla? Ochwepheshe kuphela abanolwazi lweminyaka eminingi abangatshela izimfundamakhwela nabakhi bohlelo ukuthi yini ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe ngenkathi ufunda futhi usebenza njengonjiniyela. Okufanele ukunake nokungafanele ukwenze. Kuhlongozwa ukuthi kucutshungulwe amathiphu angu-5 avela kubahleli bohlelo abaziwayo abenze umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwale ndawo.
UBrendan Eich ungumdali weJavaScript. Kwenye yezingxoxo zakhe, unxusa ozakwabo ukuba bangagxili emaphutheni, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi uyawanaka futhi uzame ukuqonda ukuthi siyini isizathu. Uze anikeze izeluleko zokusebenzisa olunye lwezilimi zokuhlela:
Futhi kanjalo
noJames Goslingichaza ukubaluleka kokukwazi ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele. Umdidiyeli wohlelo uthi uyazisola ngesikhathi esilahlekele ngesikhathi esichithe emsebenzini ongenalutho noma ongakhiqizi. Udinga ukubeka phambili ngendlela efanele.
Ikhodi yokubhala yohlelo oluthile kuyisinyathelo esibucayi ngendlela emangalisayo. Onjiniyela abaningi baqondisa imizamo yabo kumphumela wesikhathi eside, ukuze ukudalwa kwabo kuzosebenza okungenani iminyaka eyi-10. Amanye amakhodi aze abe usekelo olusizayo lwenani elikhulu lonjiniyela. UJohn Carmack wabelane ngalokhu engxoxweni yakhe
.
UJoel Goldberg
ikholelwa ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbono uhlakaniphe kangakanani, kufanele ube lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kungenzeka, umhleli uncoma ukwenza lula uhlelo lokuthuthukisa. Phela, kungenzeka ukuthi omunye uchwepheshe uzofuna ukuyisebenzisa (noma kuzodingeka akwenze), kodwa ngeke akwazi ukuthola ikhodi.
Futhi ekugcineni, iseluleko esiyinhloko esivela ku-
Linus Torvalds :
Akunandaba ukuthi umuntu wenzani, noma ukuthi umholo wakhe uyini. Angeke akwazi ukuphumelela emsebenzini ongawuthandi. Futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngeke akwazi ukujabulela ukunqoba kwakhe ngokugcwele. Onjiniyela abaningi abadumile bathole ukuphakama okunjalo embonini yabo ngoba bebelokhu bebheka ukuhlela njengengxenye yempilo yabo.