Ungaba njani umdwelisi wenkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni: imiyalelo, iikhosi, ixesha lokuqalisa kwaye ngaba kufanelekile

Inqaku liza kuxubusha indlela yokuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Ixela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ingcali kule nkalo ekufuneka inazo, yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze ibe yenye.
Imalunga nemfundo kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwayo. Iimathiriyeli eziya kufuneka ziphathwe kakuhle zichazwe. Isixelela malunga nobudala obungcono ukuqala ukufunda umsebenzi, njani kwaye phi ukufumana umsebenzi njengomdwebi wenkqubo, kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ukucwangcisa ngumsebenzi onomdla kakhulu kwaye ufunwa ngexesha lethu. Umntu othatha isigqibo sokuntywila kuyo kufuneka abe “kuwe” ngetekhnoloji kwaye angoyiki ubunzima. Ukufunda lo msebenzi akulula kwaye kude, kodwa ngomnqweno, unokufikelela okuninzi ngexesha elifutshane. Imiba engalunganga yomsebenzi:

1. umsebenzi wokuhlala . Umdwebi wenkqubo unokusebenza imini yonke kwindawo enye kwikhompyuter. Oku kubangela iingxaki kunye nenkqubo ye-musculoskelet kunye nombono.
2. Inkqubo yokufunda eqhubekayo . Ukusungula izinto ezintsha akumi ngxi. Uphuhliso olutsha luvela yonke imihla, abadwelisi benkqubo kufuneka baqaphele yonke into enxulumene nomsebenzi wabo.

Kutheni ube ngumdwebi wenkqubo

Wonke umntu ocinga ngalo msebenzi makazibone ekuwo. Masithi wayeyincutshe kwizifundo zesayensi esikolweni, unokukhetha umsebenzi okufutshane apho anokubonisa ngcono izakhono zakhe. Umzekelo, ukuba yimathematika, okanye ukufunda isayensi yekhompyuter, njl. Ukuba umntu ukwinqanaba lokukhetha, kufuneka agxile kumbuzo omnye: “Ngaba ndiyafuna ukuba ngumcwangcisi, okanye ngaba ndiyalithanda elinye ishishini elifanayo apho ndinokuba yingcaphephe elungileyo?” Xa le ndawo inomtsalane, akukho ndawo yokuthandabuza.

Ngubani ofanelekileyo kulo msebenzi

Ukucwangcisa ngakumbi kukuthanda abantu abanomdla kubuchwephesha banamhlanje. Kwakhona kufuneka babe nolwazi ngobugcisa (kodwa kukho okungaqhelekanga). Kufuneka ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo, ukunyamezela, ukucinga okungabonakaliyo, ukufunda ulwazi olutsha malunga nobuchwepheshe.

Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka umdwelisi wenkqubo abe nazo?

Abaphuhlisi bahlala benxibelelana noluhlu olubanzi lwabantu. Inkampani yabacwangcisi benkqubo iya kuhlala ivuya ukuba nomqeshwa onyanisekileyo, onobudlelwane kwaye ovulelekileyo. Umntu onjalo osebenza naye uzimisele ngakumbi ukuvuma ukunceda kwaye adibane nesiqingatha. Umdwelisi wenkqubo olungileyo kufuneka abe nezi mpawu:

• Ukwazi ukubeka phambili ngokuchanekileyo, ukhethe umsebenzi othembisayo kunye nokubala ixesha lokuphunyezwa kwawo;
• Kulungele ukusebenza kwiqela (kunzima ngakumbi kuma-introverts);
• Ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kunye nemisebenzi, yenze isebenze ngakumbi kwaye yaphule ibe ngamacandelo amaninzi;
• Gxininisa kwinjongo ethile, ungaphazanyiswa ngama-trifles (ngaphandle koko unokulahleka kwikhowudi);
• Musa ukuba neentloni ukubuza kunye nokucacisa iingongoma ezifihlakeleyo – ukusuka koogxa, umthengi, ingcali eqhelekileyo;
• Hlala uphuhlisa kwintsimi yakho kwaye uziqhelanise rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka;
• Vuma iimpazamo, zama ukwenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ufezekise iziphumo.

Unokuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni – qala ngoku!

Into yokuqala wonke umntu wesibini othatha isigqibo sokuzama ngokwakhe kweli shishini uyazibuza: “Ingaba yinkqubo njani ukusuka ekuqaleni?” Kubalulekile ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi ingcali yomphuhlisi emfanele kakhulu. Kuxhomekeke kwinto afuna ukuyenza: ukudala iiwebhusayithi, bhala iikhowudi zemidlalo, njalo njalo. Emva koko kufuneka ukhethe ulwimi lwenkqubo, ufunde kwaye uzame ukukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngokusebenza.

Izalathiso ezidumileyo kwindawo yophuhliso

Ezona ndawo zidumileyo zenkqubo namhlanje zezi:

1. Ukudalwa kweenkqubo zoshishino . Ishishini ngalinye lifuna ukuzenzela. Kweli shishini, iinkqubo zenkampani ye-1C zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
2. Uphuhliso lwewebhu . Uhlobo lomsebenzi luxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomthengi. Inokuba ngumncedisi wenkampani, iwebhusayithi yevenkile ye-intanethi, iblogi yomntu odumileyo. Ikakhulu i-PHP, iJavaScript kunye nePython zisetyenziswa.
3. Ukudalwa kwezicelo zeselula . Ukuba ingcali iyayazi indlela yokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zee-smartphones, inokufumana lula umsebenzi ohlawulwa kakuhle. Unokubhala ikhowudi yezicelo ezigunyazisiweyo kwaye azipapashe kuGooglePlay okanye kwi-AppStor.

Ngendlela, enye yezona zifundo zibalaseleyo
zeJavaScript , ngesiRashiya.

Unokufumana phi imfundo yomdwelisi kunye nento efunekayo ukuze ube ngumphuhlisi – iimpawu zomntu, imali kunye namathuba

Kwi-Russian Federation kukho iiyunivesithi ezininzi kunye nezikolo zobugcisa eziqeqesha abaprogram abafanelekileyo. Amaziko kunye neeyunivesithi zaseMoscow:

• IYunivesithi yaseMoscow State . Iindleko: 220 amawaka eeruble / ngonyaka. Ixesha: 4-6 iminyaka https://sev.msu.ru/kafedra-programmirovaniya/.
• IYunivesithi yaseMoscow Polytechnic . Iindleko: i-89 lamawaka eeruble / ngonyaka. Ixesha le-4-6 iminyaka.
• Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology . Iindleko: 250 amawaka eeruble / ngonyaka. Ixesha: 4-6 iminyaka.

Izikolo zobugcisa kunye neekholeji zekomkhulu:

• IKholeji yoShishino lweNkunzi . Iindleko: ii-ruble ezingamawaka angama-93 / ngonyaka. Ixesha: iminyaka emi-2 kunye neenyanga ezili-9.
• College MGUPI . Iindleko zingama-ruble angama-90 amawaka / ngonyaka. Ixesha: iminyaka emi-2 kunye neenyanga ezi-6.
• Isikolo sobugcisa bokwenza izixhobo eMoscow . Ixabisa i-99 lamawaka eeruble / unyaka Ixesha: iminyaka emi-2 kunye neenyanga ezili-10.

Zeziphi izifundo ekufuneka uzithathe xa wamkelwe ukuze ube ngumdwelisi wenkqubo

Ukuze ufunde njengomdwebi wenkqubo, umenzi-sicelo kufuneka aphumelele iimviwo ngesiRashiya, imathematika, i-physics kunye nesayensi yekhompyutha. Phakathi kwezifundo ezimbini zokugqibela, kufuneka wenze ukhetho, kuxhomekeke kwikamva. Isifundo esongezelelweyo – IsiNgesi. Kodwa kwamanye amaziko emfundo, uviwo olunjalo alufunwa.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ngumdwelisi wenkqubo ngaphandle kwemfundo

Ukuze ube ngumphuhlisi, akuyomfuneko ukuba ube nediploma yemfundo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwayo, kuya kuba nzima kwingcali ye-novice ukufumana umsebenzi olungileyo. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ufunde ngokuzimisela. Kuya kufuneka ulungiselele ubunzima, ube ngumntu ongaguqukiyo kwaye onengqeqesho. Into ephambili kukuba ube nomnqweno kunye nokulungela umsebenzi oneziqhamo kuwe.

Iikhosi zokucwangcisa – ukufunda ukusuka ekuqaleni ekhaya

Namhlanje zininzi zazo, zombini kwiimeko zokwenyani nakwinethiwekhi. Iikhosi zihlala zingasimahla, kodwa abaququzeleli baya kuba nakho ukunika umfundi inkqubo yoqeqesho esebenzayo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ulungiselele inkqubo ngexesha elifutshane. Amaxesha amaninzi imisebenzi enjalo yenziwa ngokudibeneyo. Iikhosi ziluncedo kakhulu ekuncedeni ukuba ulungelelanise kwaye ugxile kwinjongo ethile. Kuya kubakho isifundo semathiriyeli yethiyori, abanokuthi abaphuhlisi abanokuba luncedo baya kuyisebenzisa ngoko nangoko, phantsi kweliso likatitshala. Umsebenzi othile wabelwe indlu, emva kokugqiba oko, umntu uya kukwazi ukubuza umbuzo kumlondolozi. Sincoma ezi zifundo zilandelayo kubaqalayo abafuna ukugqwesa ubuchwephesha: I-
HTML Academy .
ikhowudidemi .
“Iziseko ze-PHP kwiiKhowudi eziSiseko” i-
Yandex Workshop .
freecodecamp .

Isifundo esikhokelwa ngumcebisi

Olu hlobo loqeqesho lulungile kuba unokubhalisela iseti yezifundo zomntu ngamnye kunye nomhlohli. Oku kufuna utyalo-mali lwemali, kodwa umphumo uya kusebenza ngakumbi. Ngapha koko, umcebisi uya kujongana nomfundi omnye, achithe ixesha elingakumbi kuye. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokufunda iya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi. Lo msebenzi uqhelekile kwi-Intanethi nakubomi bokwenyani. Umhlohli wenza inkqubo yomntu ngamnye kwiwadi nganye, ngokusekelwe kumandla akhe kunye nobuthathaka bakhe. Umcebisi unokubhalisela umntu oqalayo, okanye umdwelisi onamava ofuna ukuphucula ulwazi lwabo.

Ukufunda ngokuzimeleyo kwemathiriyeli

Kukho inketho yesithathu yoqeqesho – ngokwakho. Ikwayeyona inoqoqosho kwaye inde. Kodwa umntu kufuneka enze inkqubo ngokwakhe, alungiselele imathiriyeli yemfundo kwaye alungelelanise kwaye alungiselele ulwazi olunzulu lwenkqubo yehlabathi. Okokuqala kufuneka ukhethe ulwimi. Zonke zinokufundwa ngaphandle kwenkxaso katitshala. Kukho iividiyo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqaku kwi-Intanethi aza kunceda umakhi wexesha elizayo.

Izixhobo zokufundisa zokufundisa ubuchwephesha bomdwebi wenkqubo ukusuka kwi-10-20 yeminyaka ubudala kunye nabaphuhlisi abadala.

Kufuneka ufunde kuphela kwiincwadi ezilungileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-encyclopedias kwifiziksi nakwimathematika. Kubantwana abancinci, unokuthatha izibonelelo zabantwana ezifana ne-Avanta +.

Zombini ezi zifundo zenza isiseko apho sonke isifundo siya kwakhelwa phezu kwaso. Kukwafanelekile ukuthenga uncwadi olulula lwenkqubo. “Python yabantwana” nguJason Briggs uya kwenza.
Ukuqhubeka, ungasebenzisa incwadi ethi “Python: Inkqubo enkulu kwiMinecraft” nguAndrey Koryagin. Le ncwadana inonxibelelwano nemathematika, inolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nolungelelwaniso lwe-3D, imisebenzi kunye nokunye. Iluncedo kufundo lwerobhothi.
Ukuphuhlisa izakhono kwiprogram okanye i-mechanics, kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwi “Experiments Physical experiments kunye ne-Lego” – Koryagin A.
Kubaphuhlisi abancinci abafunda nje iziseko, kucetyiswa ukuba uziqhelanise neLego WeDo Educational Robotics. Incwadi yokubhalela ifakiwe kunye nencwadi.
Emva kokuba ufunde izinto ezilula, ungaqhubela phambili kubunzima ngakumbi, kwiC ++. Umzekelo, incwadi yabafundi kaHerbert Schildt ifanelekile.
Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo kungekhona kwincwadi yeDelphi nguNikita Kultin:
Ukuze ukwazi ukuphuhlisa iikhowudi zemidlalo, kuyafaneleka ukusebenza kunye neC # esekelwe kwi-Unity, nguJ.
Ngaba umdwebi wenkqubo ufuna ukwazi izibalo: https://youtu.be/_2beqwXS9Os

Iindlela ezi-2 zobungcali njengomphuhlisi wewebhu – isiphelo sangaphambili VS ngasemva

Abadwelisi benkqubo abenza isayithi bahlulwe kwii-“fronts” ezi-2 eziphambili: “i-frontend” kunye ne-“backend”. Iingcali ezithatha isigqibo sokudibanisa ikamva labo kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu kufuneka zigqibe ukuba luhlobo luni lwalo msebenzi olukhethayo. Oku akuthethi ukuba umntu omnye akanakusebenza kwi-backend kunye ne-frontend ngaxeshanye. Emva kwakho konke, kusafuneka uqale kwindawo ethile, kwaye ngamava unokudibanisa ezi ndlela. Ukukhetha ubungcali, kufuneka uziqhelanise neempawu kunye neenkcukacha zazo zombini.

Iiyantlukwano eziphambili

Ingcali ye-front-end ijongene necala lesayithi elifikelelekayo kwaye libonakala kwindwendwe. Uphuhlisa uyilo loyilo, udala ukusebenza okuya kuba lula ukuyisebenzisa. Umcwangcisi wale profayile uzama ukwenza ukuba indawo isebenze kakuhle kwaye ingaphambukisi imbonakalo yezixhobo kunye neziphequluli. Ukuze usebenze kwi-frontend, umdwebi weprogram kufuneka afunde izinto ezisisiseko, ezizezi: HTML, CSS, SASS, JavaScript. Umsebenzi womphuhlisi ongemva ungelinye icala lengqekembe efanayo. Unoxanduva lokudala itekhnoloji engabonakaliyo kumsebenzisi. Ukubeka ngokulula, ingcali yenza zonke ezo thebhu, amaqhosha kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo zisebenze. Umqali kwintsimi ye-backend kufuneka kwakhona abe nolwazi oluthile: funda i-1 okanye iilwimi ezininzi zeprogram, ukwazi ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokulawula inguqulelo, uqonde i-database kwaye uqhelane ne-JSON: API.
frontend-i-backend[/caption]

Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo

Abangaphambili babandakanyeka kwi:

1. Ngokudala i-interfaces kunye noyilo, i-front inokuphuhlisa i-resource ye-intanethi yevenkile. Uluhlu lwemisebenzi yakhe lubandakanya ukuveliswa kweencwadana zeendaba.
2. Uphuhliso lwe-SPA. Ukuba ibhanki icela ukwenza isicelo, ngoko iya kuba neetshathi kunye nemizobo, imisebenzi yokulandelela ukonga, i-calculator, idatha yemali, kunye nokunye.

I-backend isebenza kwi:

1. Ukudalwa kwe-CRUD. Xa umsebenzisi ebhalisa kumncedisi kwaye i-akhawunti yakhe yenziwe, umva kufuneka abhale ikhowudi yomntu. Ngayo, ungagcina naluphi na utshintsho, ucime iprofayile okanye uyibuyisele.
2. Ukusetyenzwa kolwazi oluthe lwasebenza ngaphambili. Le datha kufuneka igcinwe kwaye icwangciswe. Ingcali ijongene nokuhanjiswa kolwazi kwi-database, ilawula ii-cache, njl.
3. Uphando lwamaxwebhu ahlukeneyo. Kufuneka ayile isicelo ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ngokukhawuleza kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwinqanaba elithile, oku akufanele kuchaphazele i-algorithm yonke.

Ndifuna ukuba ngumphuhlisi – ndingakhetha ntoni?

Umphambili ulungele abo:

• ufuna ukuqala ukusebenza kunye nokufumana imali kwintsimi ye-IT ngexesha elifutshane;
• uthanda ukusebenza ngokubonakalayo kwendawo, esebenzisa indlela yokuyila;
• akanakunyamezela ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba abone iziqhamo zemigudu yakhe.

Umva lolona khetho lungcono kubantu:

• ngengqondo yobugcisa;
• abangathandi ukwenza uyilo;
• abafuna ukunyuka ileli yomsebenzi kwaye bakhule baye kwisikhundla sokuba yinkosi.

Loluphi ulwimi lwenkqubo ekufuneka umphuhlisi we-novice akhethe ngo-2022?

Okokuqala kufuneka ukhethe olunye lwezona lwimi zilula zokucwangcisa. Nakwabo baya kuba yigurus kwintsimi yabo, akukhuthazwa ukuba baqale ngokufunda iilwimi ezinzima ezifana neC ++. Kwabaqalayo abaninzi, oku kuya kuba ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye baya kuphuka, balahlekelwe ngumdla wokucwangcisa. Loluphi ulwimi lokuprograma onokuthi ulukhethe ngo-2022:

Kufanelekile ukuqala ngezi:

Ukukrwela

Umkrwelo yenye yezona zinto zilula ukuzifunda. Ngoncedo lwayo, abantwana baziswa kwiprogram. Akuyomfuneko ukunkqaya kunye nokubhala iikhowudi kwasekuqaleni. Zonke izakhi zolwimi zinokurhuqwa ngempuku. Apha uyakwazi ukwenza amakhadi oopopayi, imidlalo, iifilimu, iintetho. Njengomzekelo, nantsi ividiyo yendlela yokwenza umdlalo olula wokuqonda: https://youtu.be/yUWl37QKLzw

1C

I-1C – inkqubo yesiRashiya, eyenza lula umsebenzi. Iprojekthi yenzelwe ukuzenzekelayo umsebenzi wezoqoqosho kunye nombutho walo naliphi na ishishini. Abaqalayo abaceba ukwenza kakuhle inkqubo ye-1C bayacetyiswa ukuba babukele ividiyo, echaza amanqaku anomdla kunye neenyani ekusebenzeni nayo: https://youtu.be/MN9cam6yWKw

JavaScript

Kuya kuthatha umntu oqalayo malunga neeyure ezimbalwa ukufunda iziseko kwaye ubhale ikhowudi ye-animation, isicelo seselula esilula, okanye umdlalo olula. Ngendlela, umsebenzisi uya kuba nakho ukuzama kuyo nayiphi na isiphequluli. Makhe sizame ukwenza umdlalo wokuqala: https://youtu.be/Av53VJI-UiE

Inhlwathi

I-Python – unokufunda ikhowudi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, ngakumbi ukuba uyazi iziseko ze-HTML. Iprojekthi yenzelwe ukuququzelela imisebenzi yomphuhlisi. Usebenzisa olu lwimi, unokwenza umdlalo weNyoka, wenze umncedisi welizwi lomntu okanye iTelegram bot, nokunye okuninzi. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi zabaqalayo ukuba le vidiyo kufuneka ikhuthaze: https://youtu.be/VRYxdyWJ3_U PHP – ngenxa yolu lwimi, uya kukwazi ukulungiselela ngempumelelo inkqubo yewebhu. Ifaneleke kakuhle ekudaleni izikripthi zekhonsoli, iiwebhusayithi kunye nezicelo, ukusuka kulula ukuya kwi-super-complex. Kucetyiswa ukuba ubukele ividiyo emfutshane malunga nendlela yokwenza isizinda kunye nolwakhiwo lwevenkile ekwi-intanethi: https://youtu.be/FxrWRHCMOT8 Iilwimi zenkqubo ezidumileyo zika-2022:

Yintoni ekufuneka umphuhlisi wexesha elizayo ayifunde

Ukongeza kulwimi lwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukwazi kakuhle:

• imathematika;
• izibalo;
• Ulwimi lesingesi;
• ingqiqo
• i-physics
• ulwazi.

Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo

Kuyimfuneko ukucwangcisa into yonke imihla, ukuqala ngophuhliso olulula kunye nokuqhubeka nezinye ezintsonkothileyo. Ekuqaleni, umphuhlisi we-novice ubhala iikhowudi ezimbi ngokunyanisekileyo. Xa eqala ukuqonda oku, uzama ukuphucula ucwangciso. Oku kuthetha ukuba unyukela phezulu. Oku kwenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha umdwelisi uzama ukuphucula indalo yakhe. Ukuba awuziqheliseli, yonke ithiyori ekugqibeleni iya kulityalwa.

Basebenza phi abadwelisi benkqubo

Abaphuhlisi bayafuneka naphi na apho kukho izicelo, iinkqubo, sebenza kunye namaqonga e-intanethi. Basebenza kwiiofisi eziqhelekileyo okanye ekhaya, ukuba abasemagunyeni abanangxaki. Kwi-Russian Federation, umkhwa wokufuduka kwabadwelisi benkqubo ukuya kusebenza kwamanye amazwe uye wabonakala. Kwamanye amazwe, umvuzo wengcali ekumgangatho ophezulu udlula indawo yendawo malunga namaxesha angama-2-3.

Indlela yokukhangela umsebenzi

Ngaphandle kokuthandwa, imivuzo ephezulu kunye nokunqongophala okukhulu kwabasebenzi, ayizizo zonke iinkampani ezingxameleyo ukunxibelelana nabaqalisi benkqubo. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwabaqeshi lufuna abantu abaqeqeshiweyo abangadingi kufundiswa kwanto. Kodwa awukwazi ukuyeka. Kuya kufuneka ufowunele iintengiso, uye kwindawo yokwamkela amashishini, anikezela ngeenkonzo zawo. Kodwa kuqala kufuneka ulungiselele:

1. Qamba uqhubo . Nawuphi na umbutho ozihloniphayo uya kufuna olu xwebhu kumntu onokuba ngumsebenzi. Kufuneka iqulethe: ulwazi malunga nemfundo kunye namava omsebenzi (ukuba kukho), inkcazo yezakhono kunye neempawu, uqhagamshelwano lobuqu, ulwazi lweelwimi kunye nayo yonke into enokuthi ifike ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Qhoboshela idiploma . Ngemfundo, abaqeshi bazimisele ngakumbi ukuthatha abadwelisi benkqubo kwisikhundla.
3. Uxwebhu lwamava omsebenzi . Ikwaphethe amathuba amakhulu. Ungayithatha kumsebenzi wangaphambili.
4. Lungiselela ipotfoliyo . Kuya kuba lula ukumisela inqanaba lobungcali bomfundi kwisithuba esingenamntu. U-Eichar uya kukwazi ukujonga umsebenzi kwaye aqonde ukuba umntu unokumelana naloo misebenzi.

Iimpawu zodliwano-ndlebe

Akukho msebenzi ufanele uloyiko kunye namaxhala. Ngoko ke, xa usiya kudliwano-ndlebe, akufuneki ube nexhala. Kungcono ukuzama ukuzitsalela kunye kwaye uzibeke ngokwakho ukuze akusiyo umqeshi wexesha elizayo oqeshe ingcali, kodwa yena ngokwakhe unquma ukuba ufuna isikhundla esinjalo. Kufuneka uthethe ngamandla akho.
Udliwano-ndlebe aluloviwo, kodwa lithuba lokuzibonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukubuza umphathi onokubakho malunga neemeko zokusebenza, amathuba okukhula kwenkampani, amathuba emisebenzi, njl. Emva koko uza kubona umntu ozithembileyo phambi kwakhe. Kwaye onke amashishini afuna abasebenzi abanjalo.

I-Internship yomdwebi wenkqubo

Xa umphuhlisi ethathwe kwixesha lovavanyo, oku akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka ukuba ekupheleni kwayo, umphathi uya kunqaba ukusebenzisana. Ngokuchasene noko, kufuneka ubonise izakhono zakho kwicala elifanelekileyo kwaye uqhubeke ufunda izinto ezintsha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-internship yinto esemthethweni, ixesha ekufuneka ulinde ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo somsebenzi ngokusemthethweni.

Yeyiphi imingeni abajongene nayo abaphuhlisi abaqalayo?

Umsebenzi womphuhlisi unomdla kwaye awuqhelekanga. Kodwa, njengakuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi, kukho “imigibe” apha. Kucetywa ukuba uziqhelanise nobunzima obuqhelekileyo obulindele abaqalayo:

1. Ukusebenza ngekhowudi yomnye umntu . Iingcali azisoloko zibhala iinkqubo zazo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka bajongane nokugqitywa kwenkqubo yomnye umdwelisi. Umsebenzi ngamnye unenqanaba lakhe lolwazi kunye nezakhono. Ubunzima buxhomekeke kwinto yokuba ngamanye amaxesha ikhowudi inokuqulunqwa ngumphuhlisi ophucukileyo, okanye ongafundanga kangako. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuqonda indalo yomnye umntu akulula, ngakumbi kubaqalayo.
2. Ukusebenza kwiiNkqubo ezinkulu kunye neziNxibilili . Ngokufanelekileyo, zonke iinkqubo eziqulethwe kwiinkqubo zesoftware kufuneka zibekho ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye zikwazi ukutshintshiselana ngemiyalezo enye kwenye. Enyanisweni, oku akwenzeki. IiComplexes ziquka amawaka aliqela emigca yekhowudi. Ukuze baziqonde, abaninzi abacwangcisi benkqubo bakucacisa oko bekubhalwe kangangeenyanga ezininzi.

Indlela yokuphepha ubunzima kumsebenzi womdwelisi weprogram

Uphuhliso lomnye umntu lubizwa ngokuba yikhowudi yeLifa. Ukuyikhulula ngempumelelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzihlukanise ngokupheleleyo nayo. Kungcono ukwenza eyakho inkqubo esezantsi kwaye ubhale ikhowudi ngokwakho, ujonga umsebenzi wakho ngamaxesha athile nabanye. Emva koko kuya kubakho ukudideka okuncinci kwaye uya kukwazi ukujongana ngokukhawuleza neempazamo zomntu osebenza naye.

Kwiminyaka emingaphi kungcono ukufunda inkqubo – ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ngumphuhlisi oneminyaka engama-20-30-40-50 ubudala?

Akukho zithintelo ezicacileyo zobudala. Kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba uqale ukufunda kwiminyaka eyi-12-13. Eli lixesha apho umntwana engasindwa kakhulu ngezifundo kwaye sele ekhuthele. Kufanelekile ukufunda into elula kuqala – ukuyila ufudo, okanye uqalise ukwenza iiflowutshati kwiScratch. Uphononongo oluntsonkothileyo nolunzulu lunokuqala kamva, malunga ne-15-20 yeminyaka ubudala (ngoqeqesho oluqhelekileyo). Njengabantu abadala, alikho ixesha lokufunda. Ukuba kukho inkuthazo kunye nenzondelelo, ngoko unokwenza inkqubo ngexesha lomhlalaphantsi. Into ephambili kukufumana imathiriyeli yokufunda efanelekileyo kwaye uziqhelanise rhoqo. Ezo khowudi ziya kufunyanwa zezona zingcono zifakwe kwipotfoliyo. Oku kuya kuba yinto enkulu kwixesha elizayo. Ngaba ubudala bubaluleke kakhulu kwi-IT, ngaba kuyimfuneko ukufunda iincwadi, ukuba wenze ntoni kubafundi – Udliwano-ndlebe no-A. Byndyu: https://youtu.be/jI-cZRFpbkk

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ngumcwangcisi

Umbuzo ngowomntu ngamnye. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, inkqubo iya kuthatha iminyaka emininzi. Kwimeko engcono kakhulu, kuya kwenzeka ukuba ukwazi kakuhle inkqubo efunekayo kwiminyaka eyi-3-4. Kodwa kufuneka wenze umgudu omkhulu. Uninzi lwabadwelisi benkqubo abasele behambele phambili bathatha malunga neminyaka eyi-8-10 ukuze baphumelele kakuhle lo msebenzi unzima.

Indlela yokuba yingcaphephe efunwayo kweli candelo

Umdwelisi wenkqubo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo. Ngoku kulula ukuqonda zonke izakhono eziyimfuneko kunokuba, umzekelo, iminyaka emi-5-7 edlulileyo. Zonke izixhobo kunye nezifundo zikwindawo yoluntu. Ukuze ube ngumphuhlisi olungileyo, kufuneka:

• funda ulwazi olutsha malunga nophuhliso;
• rhoqo ukuphuhlisa izakhono zabo;
• amava otshintshiselwano nabanye abadwelisi benkqubo;
• zama ukusebenza nabaphuhlisi abagqwesileyo ukuze kubekho ithuba lokukhula ngobungcali.

Kukho abantu abakhetha ukulahlekelwa iminyaka yabo emsebenzini ongathandwayo, endaweni yokuyeka ubomi obunjalo kanye kwaye benze into abayithandayo. Ungoyiki ukuzama kwaye uzame ngokwakho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba uthanda inkqubo, ke kungcono ukuphuhlisa le nto yokuzonwabisa de iqalise ukuvelisa ingeniso. Unokuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni kwiintsuku ze-187, ibali lokwenyani-ividiyo efundisayo: https://youtu.be/PyVT8G1QEg0

Iingcebiso zabaqalayo ezivela kubadwelisi benkqubo abadumileyo

Unokufunda kubani na, ukuba asikuko kwiingcali zobuchule babo? Ziingcali kuphela ezineminyaka emininzi yamava ezinokuxelela abantu abangafundanga kunye nabaqalayo ukuba yintoni na ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngelixa ufunda kwaye usebenza njengomphuhlisi. Yintoni omele uyinikele ingqalelo kwaye ungayenzi. Kucetywa ukuba kuqwalaselwe iingcebiso ezi-5 ezivela kubadwelisi benkqubo abaziwayo abaye benza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lwale ndawo.
UBrendan Eich ngumyili weJavaScript . Kolunye udliwano-ndlebe lwakhe, ukhuthaza oogxa bakhe ukuba bangagxininisi kwiimpazamo, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kubo kwaye uzame ukuqonda ukuba yintoni isizathu. Ude anike iingcebiso ekusebenziseni olunye lweelwimi zokucwangcisa:
Kwaye ke
uJames Goslingicacisa ukubaluleka kokukwazi ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Umdwebi wenkqubo uthi uyazisola ngexesha elilahlekileyo xa walichitha kumsebenzi ongenanto okanye ongenamveliso. Kufuneka ubeke phambili ngokufanelekileyo.
Ikhowudi yokubhala yenkqubo ethile linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu. Abaphuhlisi abaninzi baqondisa iinzame zabo kwisiphumo sexesha elide, ukuze indalo yabo isebenze ubuncinane malunga neminyaka eyi-10. Ezinye iikhowudi zide zibe yinkxaso encedisayo kwinani elikhulu labaphuhlisi. UJohn Carmack wabelane ngale nto kudliwano-ndlebe lwakhe
.
UJoel Goldberg
ikholelwa ukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba iqaqambe kangakanani na ingcamango, ifanele ibe lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba kuyenzeka, umdwelisi wenkqubo ucebisa ukuba kwenziwe lula iskimu sophuhliso. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kusenokwenzeka ukuba enye ingcali iya kufuna ukuyisebenzisa (okanye kuya kufuneka iyenze), kodwa ayiyi kukwazi ukufumana ikhowudi.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ingcebiso ephambili evela
Linus Torvalds :
Akunandaba nokuba umntu wenza ntoni, okanye yintoni umvuzo wakhe. Akunakwenzeka ukuba akwazi ukuphumelela kumsebenzi ongawuthandiyo. Yaye ukuba oku kuyenzeka, akayi kukwazi ukunandipha uloyiso lwakhe ngokupheleleyo. Uninzi lwabaphuhlisi abadumileyo bazuze ukuphakama okunje kushishino lwabo kuba bahlala beyijonga inkqubo njengenxalenye yobomi babo.