Nigute ushobora kuba programmer kuva kera: amabwiriza, amasomo, igihe cyo gutangira kandi birakwiye

Ingingo izaganira ku buryo bwo kuba programu kuva kera mumyaka itandukanye. Ivuga imico inzobere muri uru rwego igomba kugira, igikwiye gukorwa kugirango ube umwe.
Byerekeranye n’uburere n’ubushobozi bwo gukora tutabufite. Ibikoresho bizakenera kumenya neza byasobanuwe. Ivuga imyaka aho ari byiza gutangira kwiga umwuga, uburyo n’aho ushobora kubona akazi nka programmer, nibindi byinshi. Porogaramu nigikorwa gishimishije cyane kandi gisabwa mugihe cacu. Umuntu uhisemo kubishiramo agomba kuba kuri “wowe” hamwe nikoranabuhanga kandi ntatinye ingorane. Kwiga uyu mwuga ntabwo byoroshye kandi birebire, ariko hamwe nicyifuzo, urashobora kugera kuri byinshi mugihe gito ugereranije. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11638” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “1224”]
Umushahara mu rwego rwa IT [/ caption]

Ninde utegura porogaramu kandi akora iki?

Porogaramu ni inzobere ikora mugukora code ya progaramu ya tekinike cyangwa igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose. Kugirango abigereho, akoresha rumwe mundimi zo gutangiza gahunda, zigizwe ninyuguti n’amagambo atandukanye. Ni uruhe rurimi rwo gukora code, uwatezimbere ahitamo. Biterwa n’ubumenyi bwe n’ubwoko bw’inshingano agomba gukora. Inzobere nziza igomba kumva byibuze indimi 3-5.
Porogaramu ntabwo buri gihe ikorana na mudasobwa. Arashobora gukora code no kurupapuro rworoshye. Akeneye PC kugirango igenzure ibikorwa bye mugihe cyo gukemura. Abitangira bakunze kwitiranya programu ninzobere mu bijyanye na IT. Iya kabiri irashobora kugira inzobere zigera kuri 50 zitandukanye (umuyobozi wa sisitemu, inzobere mu gukoresha, inzobere ya SEO, n’abandi). Ariko urashobora kuba inzobere nziza ya IT gusa wize shingiro rya programming. Abashinzwe iterambere bagabanijwemo ubwoko 3 bwingenzi:

1. Bikoreshwa : kora porogaramu yimikino, gahunda zo mu biro, nibindi.
2. Sisitemu : andika OS.
3. Urubuga rwa porogaramu : kora mugukora urubuga.

Ibyiza n’ibibi byumwuga

Abasaba kijyambere bashishikajwe cyane nuwo mwuga. Mubyukuri, uyumunsi urubyiruko rwiga byoroshye tekinoroji ya mudasobwa kandi izi neza tekinike iyo ari yo yose. Porogaramu nakazi gashimishije rwose gatera imbere cyane. Ariko muri kano gace harimo plusa na minus.
Ibintu byiza byumwuga:

1. Umushahara mwiza . Inzobere yujuje ibyangombwa kandi inararibonye yinjiza impuzandengo y’ibihumbi 80-100. Kubitekerezo, umushahara urashobora kugera kuri 150-200 k.
2. Imirimo myinshi.  Abashinzwe porogaramu barasabwa cyane muri iki gihe, kubera ko ku isi hose hari inzira ya digitale.
3. Guhaguruka . Iterambere rishobora kwerekana ibitekerezo bye, kugerageza code nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukemura ikibazo, kugerageza imikorere yabyo, gukora ikintu gishya.
4. Birashoboka gukora kure . Iki nigikorwa gishobora gukorwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose nahantu hose, icyingenzi nuko umushinga urangira mugihe.
5. Iterambere ry’umwuga mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose . Ibihugu byose bitera imbere bikeneye inzobere zubwenge.

Inzira yuwitezimbere iragoye kandi ihwa [/ caption] Ibintu bibi byumwuga:

1. akazi ko kwicara . Porogaramu irashobora gukora umunsi wose mumwanya umwe kuri mudasobwa. Ibi bitera ibibazo na sisitemu ya musculoskeletal na vision.
2. Gukomeza kwiga . Guhanga udushya ntabwo bihagaze. Iterambere rishya rigaragara burimunsi, abategura porogaramu bagomba kumenya ibintu byose bijyanye numwuga wabo.

Kuki uhinduka porogaramu

Umuntu wese utekereza kuri iki gikorwa agomba kwibona muri cyo. Dufate ko yari umuhanga mubumenyi nyabwo kwishuri, arashobora guhitamo umwuga uherekejwe aho ashobora kwerekana neza ubushobozi bwe. Kurugero, kuba imibare, cyangwa kwiga siyanse ya mudasobwa, nibindi. Niba umuntu ari mu cyiciro cyo gutoranya, agomba kwibanda ku kibazo kimwe: “Ndashaka kuba porogaramu, cyangwa nkunda urundi ruganda rusa aho nshobora kuba inzobere nziza?” Iyo kariya gace gakurura, nta mwanya wo gushidikanya. .
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Ninde ukwiye uyu mwuga

Porogaramu nibyinshi bikunda abantu bashishikajwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Bakeneye kandi kuba abahanga mubuhanga (ariko hariho ibitemewe). Birasabwa guteza imbere logique, kwihangana, ibitekerezo bidafatika, kwiga amakuru mashya yerekeye ikoranabuhanga.

Ni izihe mico umuntu agomba gukora?

Abashinzwe iterambere bahora bakorana nabantu benshi. Isosiyete ikora porogaramu izahora yishimira kugira umukozi w’inyangamugayo, usabana kandi ufunguye. Mugenzi nkuyu afite ubushake bwo kwemera gufasha no guhura hagati. Porogaramu nziza igomba kugira iyi mico:

• Ushobora gushyira imbere neza, guhitamo imirimo itanga ikizere no kubara igihe cyo kuyishyira mubikorwa;
• Witegure gukorera mumakipe (biragoye kubintore);
• Kora neza nimirimo, uyikoreshe neza kandi uyigabanyemo ibice byinshi;
• Wibande ku ntego runaka, ntukarangwe n’utuntu duto (bitabaye ibyo urashobora kuzimira muri kode);
• Ntukagire isoni zo kubaza no gusobanura ingingo zifatika – uhereye kuri bagenzi bawe, umukiriya, inzobere imenyerewe;
• Buri gihe utezimbere mumurima wawe kandi witoze kenshi gashoboka;
• Emera amakosa, gerageza gukora mubyerekezo bitandukanye, ugere kubisubizo.

Imbaraga zawe bwite zirashobora kwerekanwa mubishushanyo bisa [/ caption]

Nigute ushobora kuba programmer kuva kera – tangira nonaha!

Ikintu cya mbere buri muntu wa kabiri wiyemeje kugerageza muri uru ruganda akora ni ukwibaza ati: “Nigute ushobora kuba programu kuva kera?” Nibyingenzi guhitamo umwihariko wuwitezimbere amukwiriye. Biterwa nibyo ashaka gukora: gukora urubuga, kwandika code y’imikino, nibindi. Noneho ugomba guhitamo ururimi rwa porogaramu, wige kandi ugerageze kumenya umwuga mubikorwa.

Icyerekezo gikunzwe murwego rwiterambere

Ibice bizwi cyane muri gahunda muri iki gihe ni:

1. Gushiraho gahunda z’ubucuruzi . Buri bucuruzi bukenera automatike. Muri uru ruganda, gahunda ya 1C yisosiyete ikoreshwa cyane.
2. Gutezimbere Urubuga . Ubwoko bwibikorwa biterwa nibisabwa umukiriya. Irashobora kuba seriveri yisosiyete, urubuga rwububiko bwa interineti, blog yumuntu uzwi. Ahanini PHP, JavaScript na Python birakoreshwa.
3. Kurema porogaramu zigendanwa . Niba inzobere izi guteza imbere porogaramu za terefone zigendanwa, arashobora kubona byoroshye akazi gahembwa neza. Arashobora kandi kwandika code kubisabwa byemewe kandi akabitangaza kuri GooglePlay cyangwa AppStor.

By the way, imwe mu
nyigisho nziza za JavaScript , mu kirusiya.

Ni he ushobora gukura porogaramu ya porogaramu nicyo bisaba kugirango ube umuterimbere – imico bwite, imari n’amahirwe

Muri Federasiyo y’Uburusiya hari kaminuza nyinshi n’amashuri ya tekinike atoza abaporogaramu babishoboye. Ibigo na kaminuza za Moscou:

• Kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou . Igiciro: amafaranga ibihumbi 220 / umwaka. Igihe: imyaka 4-6 https://sev.msu.ru/kafedra-programmirovaniya/. Ishami rishinzwe gahunda za kaminuza ya Leta ya Moscou [/ caption]
• Kaminuza ya Polytechnic . Igiciro: amafaranga ibihumbi 89 / umwaka. Igihembwe 4-6.
• Ikigo cya Moscou Institute of Physics and Technology . Igiciro: amafaranga ibihumbi 250 / umwaka. Igihe: imyaka 4-6.

Amashuri tekinike na kaminuza zo mumurwa mukuru:

• Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubucuruzi . Igiciro: amafaranga ibihumbi 93 / umwaka. Igihe: amezi 2 n’amezi 9.
• Ishuri Rikuru MGUPI . Igiciro ni amafaranga ibihumbi 90 / umwaka. Igihe: amezi 2 n’amezi 6.
• Ishuri rya tekinike ryo gukora ibikoresho bya Moscou . Igura amafaranga ibihumbi 99 / umwaka Igihe: imyaka 2 n’amezi 10.

Ni ayahe masomo ukeneye gufata nyuma yo kwinjira kugirango ube porogaramu

Kugira ngo wige nka porogaramu, usaba agomba gutsinda ibizamini mu kirusiya, imibare, fiziki n’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa. Hagati ya disipuline ebyiri zanyuma, ugomba guhitamo, ukurikije umwihariko uzaza. Isomo ry’inyongera – Icyongereza. Ariko mubigo bimwe byuburezi, ikizamini nkiki ntigisabwa.

Birashoboka kuba programmer utarize

Kugirango ube umuterimbere, ntabwo ari ngombwa kugira impamyabumenyi yuburezi. Ariko, bitabaye ibyo, bizagora inzobere mu gushya kubona akazi keza. Byongeye, ugomba kwiga cyane uko byagenda kose. Uzagomba kwitegura ingorane, ube umuntu wihangana kandi ufite indero. Ikintu nyamukuru nukugira icyifuzo nubushake bwakazi keza kuri wewe wenyine.

Amasomo yo gutangiza gahunda – kwigira kubitangira murugo

Uyu munsi haribyinshi, haba mubihe nyabyo ndetse no kumurongo. Amasomo akenshi ntabwo ari ubuntu, ariko abayategura bazashobora guha umunyeshuri gahunda nziza yo guhugura. Ibi bizagufasha kwitegura gahunda mugihe gito. Akenshi ibikorwa nkibi bikorwa hamwe. Amasomo ni meza agufasha gutunganya no kwibanda ku ntego runaka. Hazabaho ubushakashatsi bwibintu bifatika, abashobora kubateza imbere bazahita babishyira mubikorwa, bayobowe numwarimu. Igikorwa runaka gihabwa inzu, nyuma yo kurangiza, umuntu azashobora kubaza ikibazo kubashinzwe kuyobora. Turasaba amasomo akurikira kubatangiye bashaka kumenya umwuga:
HTML Academy .
codecademy .
“Amahame ya PHP ku Kode Yibanze”
Amahugurwa ya Yandex .
kubuntu .

Inyigisho iyobowe nabatoza

Ubu bwoko bwamahugurwa nibyiza kuko ushobora kwiyandikisha kumurongo wamasomo kugiti cye hamwe numuherekeza. Ibi kandi bisaba ishoramari ryamafaranga, ariko ibisubizo bizarushaho kuba byiza. Erega burya, umujyanama azakorana numunyeshuri umwe, amuha umwanya munini. Ibi bivuze ko inzira yo kwiga izagenda yihuta. Iki gikorwa kirasanzwe haba kuri enterineti no mubuzima busanzwe. Umurezi akora gahunda ya buri cyiciro, ashingiye ku mbaraga n’intege nke ze. Umujyanama arashobora kwiyandikisha kubatangiye, cyangwa programmer ufite uburambe ushaka kuzamura ubumenyi bwabo.

Kwiga wigenga kubikoresho

Hariho uburyo bwa gatatu bwo guhugura – wenyine. Nubukungu kandi burebure. Ariko umuntu agomba gukora gahunda ubwe, agategura ibikoresho byuburezi akanahuza kandi agategura ubumenyi bwimbitse bwimbitse bwisi. Ubanza ugomba guhitamo ururimi. Bose barashobora kwigishwa badashyigikiwe numwarimu. Hano hari videwo nyinshi ningingo zitandukanye kuri interineti bizafasha ejo hazaza.

Imfashanyigisho zo kumenya umwuga wa programmer kuva kumyaka 10-20 no kubateza imbere

Ugomba kwigira kubitabo byiza gusa. Birakenewe gukoresha encyclopediya muri fiziki n’imibare. Kubana bato, urashobora gufata amafaranga yumwana nka Avanta +.

Amasomo yombi agize urufatiro ubushakashatsi buzubakiraho. Birakwiye kandi kugura ibitabo byoroshye byo gutangiza gahunda. “Python kubana” na Jason Briggs azakora.
Kugirango ukomeze, urashobora gukoresha igitabo “Python: Great Programming in Minecraft” cyanditswe na Andrey Koryagin. Igitabo gifite aho gihurira n’imibare, gifite amakuru y’ingenzi yerekeye guhuza 3D, imikorere n’ibindi. Ni ingirakamaro mu kwiga robo.
Gutezimbere ubuhanga muri programming cyangwa ubukanishi, birasabwa kwitondera “Ubushakashatsi bwumubiri nubushakashatsi hamwe na Lego” – Koryagin A.
Kubateza imbere bato biga ibyibanze gusa, birasabwa ko umenyera hamwe na robotics ya Lego WeDo. Ikaye irimo igitabo.
Umaze kumenya ibintu byoroshye, urashobora gukomeza kubintu byinshi, muri C ++. Kurugero, imfashanyigisho kubanyeshuri ba Herbert Schildt irakwiriye.
Birasabwa kandi kutitondera igitabo kivuga kuri Delphi cyanditswe na Nikita Kultin:
Kugirango ubashe gukora code yimikino, birakwiye gukorana na C # ishingiye kubumwe, na J. Manning.
Ese porogaramu ikeneye kumenya imibare: https://youtu.be/_2beqwXS9Os

Inzira 2 zihariye nkumushinga wurubuga – impera yimbere VS inyuma yanyuma

Abashinzwe porogaramu bashiraho urubuga bagabanijwemo 2 “nyamukuru”: “imbere” na “inyuma”. Inzobere ziyemeje guhuza ejo hazaza hazo niterambere ryurubuga zigomba guhitamo ubwoko bwiki gikorwa bakunda. Ibi ntibisobanura ko umuntu umwe adashobora gukora mumugongo no imbere icyarimwe. Nyuma ya byose, uracyakeneye gutangirira ahantu, kandi hamwe nuburambe urashobora guhuza izi nzira. Guhitamo umwihariko, ugomba kumenyera ibintu nibiranga byombi.

Itandukaniro ryingenzi

Inzobere yimbere-ishinzwe kuruhande rwurubuga rugerwaho kandi rugaragara kubashyitsi. Yateje imbere igishushanyo mbonera, akora imikorere izoroha gukoresha. Porogaramu yiyi profil igerageza gutuma urubuga rukora neza kandi ntirugoreke amashusho kubikoresho na mushakisha. Kugirango ukore imbere, progaramu ya novice igomba kwiga ibyibanze, aribyo: HTML, CSS, SASS, JavaScript. Igikorwa cyinyuma-yanyuma yiterambere nurundi ruhande rwigiceri kimwe. Ashinzwe gukora tekinoroji itagaragara kubakoresha. Muri make, inzobere ituma izo tabs zose, buto nibindi bintu bikora bikora. Intangiriro mubijyanye ninyuma igomba kandi kuba ifite ubumenyi runaka: wige indimi 1 cyangwa nyinshi zo gutangiza programme, gushobora gukoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura verisiyo, gusobanukirwa ububikoshingiro no kumenyera JSON: API.
imbere-i-inyuma [/ caption]

Inshingano zisanzwe

Imbere ikora:

1. Mugukora intera nuburyo, imbere irashobora guteza imbere ibikoresho kububiko bwa interineti. Urutonde rwimirimo ye rurimo gukora ibinyamakuru.
2. Iterambere rya SPA. Niba banki isabye gukora porogaramu, izaba irimo imbonerahamwe n’ibishushanyo, imikorere yo kuzigama yo kuzigama, kubara, amakuru y’ifaranga, n’ibindi.

Inyuma iri gukora:

1. Kurema CRUD. Iyo umukoresha yiyandikishije kuri seriveri na konti ye yaremye, inyuma igomba kwandika kode bwite. Hamwe na hamwe, urashobora kubika impinduka zose, gusiba umwirondoro cyangwa kugarura.
2. Gutunganya amakuru imbere yakoraga. Aya makuru agomba kubikwa no gutunganywa. Inzobere ikora ibijyanye no gukwirakwiza amakuru muri data base, gucunga cashe, nibindi.
3. Ubushakashatsi bwinyandiko zitandukanye. Agomba gutegura neza porogaramu. Kurugero, niba gitunguranye hari ibitagenda neza murwego runaka, ibi ntibigomba kugira ingaruka kuri algorithm yose.

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Ndashaka kuba umuterimbere – nahitamo iki?

Imbere ibereye kubantu:

• arashaka gutangira gukora no kubona amafaranga murwego rwa IT mugihe gito;
• akunda gukorana n’amashusho y’urubuga, ukoresheje uburyo bwo guhanga;
• ntashobora kwihanganira igihe kinini mbere yuko abona imbuto zimbaraga ze.

Inyuma niyo nzira nziza kubantu:

• hamwe n’ibitekerezo bya tekiniki;
• abadakunda gukora imiterere;
• abashaka kuzamuka murwego rwumwuga no gukura kumwanya wumuyobozi.

Ni uruhe rurimi rwo gutangiza porogaramu rugomba guhitamo muri 2022?

Ubwa mbere ugomba guhitamo rumwe mururimi rworoshye rwo gutangiza porogaramu. Ndetse kubantu bagiye kuba gurus murwego rwabo, ntibisabwa gutangira wiga indimi zigoye nka C ++. Kubatangiye benshi, iki kizaba ari umurimo utoroshye kandi bazavunika, batakaza inyungu zose muri gahunda. Ni uruhe rurimi rwo gutangiza porogaramu wahitamo mu 2022
:

Shushanya

Igishushanyo nimwe mubintu byoroshye kwiga. Nubufasha bwayo, abana bamenyeshwa gahunda. Ntabwo ari ngombwa gufata mu mutwe no kwandika code hakiri kare. Ururimi rwose rwubaka rushobora gukururwa nimbeba. Hano urashobora gukora amakarita ya animasiyo, imikino, firime, kwerekana. Nkurugero, dore videwo yuburyo bwo gukora umukino woroshye wo gutekereza: https://youtu.be/yUWl37QKLzw

1C

1C – gutangiza gahunda mu kirusiya, byoroshya cyane akazi. Umushinga wagenewe gutangiza imirimo yubukungu nu muteguro wa buri kigo. Abitangira bateganya kumenya gahunda ya 1C basabwe kureba videwo, isobanura ingingo zishimishije nibintu bifatika mugukorana nayo: https://youtu.be/MN9cam6yWKw

JavaScript

Bizatwara uwatangiye amasaha agera kuri make kugirango yige ibyibanze no kwandika kode ya animasiyo, porogaramu igendanwa yoroheje, cyangwa umukino woroshye. By the way, uyikoresha azashobora kugerageza muri mushakisha iyariyo yose. Reka tugerageze gukora umukino wibanze: https://youtu.be/Av53VJI-UiE

Python

Python – urashobora gusoma kode nta mbaraga nyinshi, cyane cyane niba uzi ibyibanze bya HTML. Umushinga washyizweho kugirango woroshye ibikorwa byabateza imbere. Ukoresheje uru rurimi, urashobora gukora umukino winzoka, ugakora umufasha wijwi ryumuntu cyangwa bote ya Telegram, nibindi byinshi. Hano hari ibitekerezo byinshi kubatangiye iyi video igomba gutera: https://youtu.be/VRYxdyWJ3_U PHP – dukesha uru rurimi, uzashobora gutegura neza gahunda yo gutangiza urubuga. Birakwiriye kurema inyandiko za konsole, imbuga za porogaramu na porogaramu, kuva byoroshye kugeza super-complex. Birasabwa kureba videwo ngufi yuburyo bwo gukora indangarubuga nuburyo bwububiko bwa interineti: https://youtu.be/FxrWRHCMOT8 Indimi zizwi cyane zo gutangiza gahunda muri 2022:
Igishushanyo cyibisabwa mu ndimi za porogaramu ku isoko mpuzamahanga ry’umurimo / ubushakashatsi.hackerrank.com [/ caption]

Ibyo ejo hazaza hatezimbere akeneye kwiga

Usibye imvugo yo gutangiza gahunda, ni ngombwa kumenya neza:

• imibare;
• imibare;
• Icyongereza;
• logique
• umubiri;
• informatics.

Imyitozo isanzwe

Birakenewe guteganya ikintu buri munsi, duhereye kumajyambere yoroshye no gukomeza hamwe nibindi bigoye. Ku ikubitiro, umuterimbere mushya yandika yeruye kode mbi. Iyo atangiye kubyumva, agerageza kunoza gahunda. Ibi bivuze ko azamutse. Ibi bibaho buri gihe, kandi igihe cyose programmer agerageza kunoza ibyo yaremye. Niba udakora imyitozo, inyigisho zose amaherezo zizibagirana.

Abashinzwe porogaramu bakorera he

Abashinzwe iterambere barakenewe ahantu hose hari porogaramu, porogaramu, gukorana nurubuga rwa interineti. Bakorera mu biro bisanzwe cyangwa murugo, niba abayobozi batabyitayeho. Muri Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, imyumvire yo kwimuka kwa ba programmes bakorera mu mahanga imaze kugaragara. Mu bihugu bimwe, umushahara winzobere yo mu rwego rwo hejuru urenze uw’inshuro hafi 2-3.

Uburyo bwo gushaka akazi

Nubwo bizwi cyane, umushahara munini cyane hamwe nubuke bukabije bwabakozi, ntabwo ibigo byose byihutira kuvugana nabashinzwe porogaramu bashya. Erega, abakoresha benshi bakeneye abanyamwuga badakeneye kwigishwa ikintu na kimwe. Ariko ntushobora kureka. Ugomba guhamagara kumatangazo, jya mukwakira ibigo, utange serivisi zabo. Ariko ubanza ugomba kwitegura:

1. Kora umwirondoro . Ishirahamwe iryo ari ryo ryose ryiyubaha rizakenera iyi nyandiko kubashobora kuba umukozi. Igomba kuba ikubiyemo: amakuru ajyanye n’uburere n’uburambe ku kazi (niba bihari), ibisobanuro by’ubuhanga n’imico, imibonano yawe bwite, ubumenyi bw’indimi nibintu byose bishobora kuza bikenewe.
2. Ongeraho impamyabumenyi . Hamwe n’uburere, abakoresha bafite ubushake bwo gufata programmes kumwanya.
3. Inyandiko y’uburambe ku kazi . Ifite kandi amahirwe menshi. Urashobora kuyikura kumurimo wabanjirije.
4. Tegura portfolio . Bizoroha kumenya urwego rwumwuga wumukandida kumwanya. Eichar azashobora kureba akazi no kumva niba umuntu ashobora guhangana niyi mirimo.

Ibiranga ibibazo

Nta kazi gakwiye gutinya no guhangayika. Kubwibyo, mugihe ugiye kubazwa, ntukeneye guhangayika. Nibyiza kugerageza kwikururira hamwe no kwishyiriraho kugirango umukoresha utazaza aha akazi umuhanga, ariko we ubwe niwe uhitamo niba akeneye umwanya nkuyu. Ugomba kuvuga imbaraga zawe.
Ikiganiro ntabwo ari ikizamini, ahubwo ni amahirwe yo kwigaragaza neza. Birakenewe kubaza umuyobozi ushobora kuba imiterere yakazi, ibyerekezo byiterambere ryikigo, amahirwe yakazi, nibindi. Icyo gihe azabona umuntu wiyizeye imbere ye. Kandi ibigo byose bikeneye abakozi nkabo.

Kwimenyereza umwuga

Iyo uwatezimbere yafashwe mugihe cyibigeragezo, iyi ntabwo arimpamvu yo guhangayikishwa nuko nimurangiza, umuyobozi azanga gufatanya. Ibinyuranye, ugomba kwerekana ubuhanga bwawe uhereye kuruhande rwiza kandi ugakomeza kwiga ibintu bishya. Mu bihe byinshi, kwimenyereza umwuga ni ibintu bisanzwe, igihe ugomba gutegereza mbere yo gusaba akazi kumugaragaro.

Ni izihe mbogamizi abahura bashya bahura nazo?

Igikorwa cyuwitezimbere kirashimishije kandi ntigisanzwe. Ariko, kimwe no mu mwuga uwo ariwo wose, hano hari “imitego”. Birasabwa kumenyera ingorane zisanzwe zitegereje abitangira:

1. Gukorana na code yundi . Inzobere ntabwo buri gihe zandika gahunda zabo guhera. Rimwe na rimwe, bagomba guhangana no kurangiza sisitemu yundi programmer. Buri mukozi afite urwego rwubumenyi nubuhanga. Ingorabahizi ziri mubyukuri ko rimwe na rimwe code ishobora gukusanywa niterambere ryateye imbere, cyangwa kutamenya gusoma. Ibyo ari byo byose, gusobanukirwa kurema undi muntu ntibyoroshye, cyane cyane kubatangiye.
2. Gukora muri sisitemu nini kandi igoye . Byiza, sisitemu zose zikubiye muri sisitemu ya software igomba kubaho ukwayo kandi igashobora guhana ubutumwa hamwe. Mubyukuri, ibi ntibibaho. Ibigo bigizwe n’imirongo ibihumbi byinshi ya code. Kugirango ubyumve, abaporogaramu benshi basobanura ibyanditswe mumezi menshi.

Nigute wakwirinda ingorane mumirimo ya programmer

Iterambere ryabandi ryitwa Umurage-code. Kugirango ucyure neza, birasabwa kwigunga rwose. Nibyiza gukora sisitemu yawe hanyuma ukandika code wenyine, buri gihe ugenzura akazi kawe nabandi. Noneho hazabaho urujijo ruto kandi uzashobora gukemura vuba amakosa ya mugenzi wawe.

Niyihe myaka nibyiza kwiga programming – birashoboka kuba umuterimbere ufite imyaka 20-30-40-50?

Nta myaka igaragara neza. Ariko birasabwa gutangira kwiga ufite imyaka 12-13. Iki nicyo gihe umwana ataremerewe cyane namasomo kandi yamaze gukorana umwete. Birakwiye ko wiga ikintu cyoroshye mbere – gushushanya inyenzi, cyangwa gutangira gukora ibishushanyo mbonera. Kwiga bigoye kandi byimbitse birashobora gutangira nyuma, kumyaka 15-20 (hamwe namahugurwa asanzwe). Nkabantu bakuru, ntabwo bitinda kwiga. Niba hari motifike nishyaka, noneho urashobora gukora programming muri pansiyo. Ikintu nyamukuru nukubona ibikoresho byiza byo kwiga no kwitoza buri gihe. Izo code zizaboneka zinjiye neza muri portfolio. Ibi bizaba ari inyongera nini mugihe kizaza. Ese imyaka ni ingenzi cyane muri IT, birakenewe gusoma ibitabo, icyo wakorera abanyeshuri – Ikiganiro na A. Byndyu: https://youtu.be/jI-cZRFpbkk

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango ube programmer

Ikibazo ni umuntu ku giti cye. Ibyo ari byo byose, inzira izatwara imyaka myinshi. Mugihe cyiza, bizashoboka kumenya gahunda isabwa mumyaka 3-4. Ariko ugomba gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi. Umubare munini wabamaze gutera imbere bafata imyaka 8-10 kugirango bamenye neza uyu mwuga utoroshye.

Nigute ushobora kuba umunyamwuga ushakishwa muriki gice

Porogaramu ni akazi gakomeye. Noneho biroroshye kumenya ubuhanga bwose bukenewe kuruta, urugero, imyaka 5-7 ishize. Ibikoresho byose n’amasomo biri murwego rusange. Kugirango ube umuterimbere mwiza, ukeneye:

• kwiga amakuru mashya kubyerekeye iterambere;
• guhora batezimbere ubuhanga bwabo;
• kungurana ubunararibonye nabandi ba programmes;
• iharanire gukorana nabateza imbere beza kugirango habeho amahirwe yo gukura mubuhanga.

Hariho abantu bahitamo gutakaza imyaka myinshi mumirimo idakunzwe, aho kureka ubuzima nkubwo rimwe bagakora ibyo bakunda. Ntutinye kugerageza no kugerageza mu bice bitandukanye. Niba ukunda programming, nibyiza ko utezimbere ibyo ukunda kugeza igihe bitangiriye kwinjiza. Nigute ushobora kuba programu kuva kera muminsi 187, inkuru nyayo – videwo yuburezi: https://youtu.be/PyVT8G1QEg0

Inama kubatangira ba programmes bazwi

Ninde wiga, niba atari kubatware b’ubukorikori bwabo? Gusa abanyamwuga bafite uburambe bwimyaka myinshi barashobora kubwira abikinisha hamwe nabashya ba programmes bashya icyangombwa cyo gutekereza mugihe wiga kandi ukora nkuwiteza imbere. Ibyo kwitondera nibyo utagomba gukora. Birasabwa gusuzuma inama 5 zaba programmes bazwi bagize uruhare runini mugutezimbere kariya karere.
Brendan Eich nuwashizeho JavaScript. Muri kimwe mu biganiro yabajije, arahamagarira bagenzi be kutibanda ku makosa, ariko bakitondera kubitaho no kugerageza kumva impamvu. Ndetse atanga inama zijyanye no gukoresha rumwe mundimi zitegura:
Kandi rero
James Goslingasobanura akamaro ko gushobora guhitamo neza. Porogaramu avuga ko yicuza igihe cyatakaye igihe yataye akazi ku busa cyangwa budatanga umusaruro. Ugomba gushyira imbere neza.
Kwandika kode ya gahunda runaka ni intambwe ikomeye idasanzwe. Abashinzwe iterambere benshi berekeza imbaraga zabo kubisubizo birebire, kugirango ibyaremwe bizakora byibuze imyaka 10. Kode zimwe ndetse ziba inkunga yingoboka kumubare munini wabateza imbere. John Carmack yabibwiye mu kiganiro cye
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Joel Goldberg
yemera ko nubwo igitekerezo cyaba cyiza gute, bigomba kuba byoroshye bishoboka. Niba bishoboka, programmer arasaba koroshya gahunda yiterambere. Nyuma ya byose, birashoboka ko hari abandi bahanga bazashaka kuyikoresha (cyangwa agomba kubikora), ariko ntibazashobora kumenya kode.
Hanyuma, inama nyamukuru
yatanzwe na Linus Torvalds :
Ntacyo bitwaye kubyo umuntu akora, cyangwa umushahara we. Ntabwo bishoboka ko ashobora gutsinda akazi adakunzwe. Niba kandi ibi bibaye, ntazashobora kwishimira intsinzi ye byuzuye. Benshi mubateza imbere ibyamamare bageze murwego rwo hejuru mubikorwa byabo kuko bahoraga batekereza ko gahunda ari igice cyubuzima bwabo.