Iyini i-CAPEX futhi kungani ibalulekile kumtshali-zimali – izibonelo

Inqubomgomo esobala yosomabhizinisi isiza abatshalizimali ukuthi baqede ukwenzelela ekukhetheni ozakwethu. Izinkampani zisebenzisa inzuzo ngokusekelwe ezihlosweni. Batshala imali ekuthuthukisweni, bakhulise izindleko ezijwayelekile.

Iyini i-CAPEX – ngamagama alula mayelana nenkimbinkimbi

I-Capital expenditure (CAPEX ) yizindleko ezinkulu zebhizinisi okuhloswe ngazo ukuthengwa kwezimpahla okungezona ezamanje ezisebenza isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka owodwa. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwesikhathi eside kuhlinzekela ukutholwa kwezimpahla ezingashintshi. Umphumela wokutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi wukwenza inzuzo uma utshala ezimbonini ezidinga imali enkulu. Lezi ngamafutha negesi, amandla, imboni yezimayini, i-metallurgy. Kukhona nezindleko ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi, ezihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ezinsizeni, izimpahla zokudayisa. Umthamo omkhulu wokutshalwa kwezimali usemikhiqizweni edayisiwe. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezindleleni zokukhiqiza, isimanjemanje, kufanele kugcine ukuqondisa okuhlosiwe kwenzuzo, kubalwe ngekusasa.
Izimpahla okungezona ezamanje zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezimbili: izimpahla ezingashintshi kanye nezimpahla ezingaphatheki (IA). Izinto zomsebenzi wobuhlakani bebhizinisi zingaba nenani eliletha inzuzo esikhathini esizayo. Izinhlelo, isizindalwazi, izimpawu zokuhweba zibandakanya izindleko zezikhathi ezithile. I-CAPEX yenza inzuzo ngokwandisa inani lokwandisa imisebenzi, ukwandisa inzuzo, ukuheha abatshalizimali abasha.

I-CAPEX ne-OPEX – yini umehluko

Ngokuphambene nezindleko ezinkulu, i-OPEX iyizindleko zokuqhuba imisebenzi. Izindleko zokusebenza zihlobene nezindleko zezimpahla, zokuphatha, izidingo zezentengiselwano zebhizinisi. Ukubaluleka kwe-OPEX enkampanini ngokuvamile kuyaqashelwa, kunqunywa isidingo sesikhathi sokubika. Ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwebhizinisi kungenzeka ngokuhlela okufanayo kwezindleko zokusebenza, ezisulwa ngendlela yokwehla kwenani ngokulandelanayo, ngemva kokufakwa kosonhlamvukazi eshidini lebhalansi. Inhlangano ikhokhela irenti yezakhiwo, ukulethwa, izinsiza. Abasebenzi bathola amaholo. Imali iya ku-cashier, ku-akhawunti yamanje njengemali engenayo. Inzuzo iyehla uma i-OPEX inyuka. Osomnotho bale nkampani balwela ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo.
Uhlobo lomsebenzi webhizinisi, uhlobo lwesikhathi eside lwamaphrojekthi luthinta isilinganiso se-CAPEX ne-OPEX. Abaholi bamabhizinisi benza izinqumo zokutshala izimali ezisekelwe ekuthuthukisweni okubheke phambili. Isibonelo, ukuthengwa kwezakhiwo endaweni kungabhekwa ngezindlela ezimbili, kuye ngomsebenzi wenkampani esikhathini esizayo. Inkampani encane izohlomula kakhulu ngokuqashisa. Ibhizinisi elikhulu elinentshisekelo yokuheha abatshalizimali lizothenga lesi sakhiwo ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zesikhathi esizayo, futhi likwazi ukuthengisa izakhiwo ngenani eliphansi. Imali engenayo yonyaka izobhekana ngokushesha nezindleko ezinkulu. Inkampani izozuza ngokukhetha ukukhulisa i-CAPEX ngokwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza. Umehluko phakathi kwe-CAPEX ne-OPEX imi kanje:

1. Inani lezindleko . Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkulu kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemali okubalulekile.
2. Imvamisa yokukhokha . Izindleko zokusebenza zenziwa njalo, imali eyimali njalo eminyakeni embalwa noma ngonyaka.
3. Ukubika kwenziwa ezigabeni ezihlukene ze-balance sheet . I-OPEX ibonakala ezinkokhelweni zokusebenza, i-CAPEX iqukethwe esitatimendeni sokugeleza kwemali.
4. Imithombo eyahlukene yoxhaso . I-CAPEX ne-OPEX bathatha imali emalini noma emalini engenayo, ngokulandelana.

Kubalulekile ukuthi umtshali-zimali ozimele azi izinkomba zezindleko ezicatshangelwayo ukuze abale isilinganiso senani lempahla nenzuzo yensalela yenkampani.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuthi abatshalizimali bacabangele i-CAPEX

I-CAPEX inganikeza ulwazi kubatshalizimali mayelana nezinhlelo zokutshala izimali ezinkulu, ukutholakala kwemali yamahhala inkampani ehlose ukuyisebenzisela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza. Inkampani isabalalisa inzuzo ngokukhokha izabelo noma ngokuxhasa ngezimali ukutholwa kwempahla engashintshi. Ukwenyuka kwezindleko ezinkulu kunciphisa okujwayelekile, kwehlisa inani lamasheya. Ngokunjalo, abatshalizimali babuyekeza amaphothifoliyo abo. Qaphela! I-CAPEX ihloselwe ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, ukwandisa inzuzo esikhathini esizayo. Ukuncipha kwezinzuzo kwenzeka ukuze uthole inzuzo enkulu ngokuzayo. Ngokubi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kucatshangelwa uma kunokungabaza mayelana nokufaneleka kwabo, kunengozi yokulahlekelwa yimali. Isibonelo, ngembuyiselo yemali engu-15%, akunangqondo ukutshala kumaphrojekthi anenzuzo encane. Izenzo ezinjalo zizoholela ekubuyekezweni kwabatshalizimali kwezinhlelo zabo, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthola amasheya. Osozimali banentshisekelo yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwenkampani ababambisana nayo. Umbono wabo ungase ungahlangani nabaphathi benkampani uma kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye ngentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni. I-CAPEX iyadingeka ukuze amabhizinisi athuthukise imishini, agcine amakhono okukhiqiza. Uma ungakhi kabusha izimpahla ezingashintshi, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuncipha kwezinsiza, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwe-CAPEX ne-OPEX. Iyini i-CAPEX ne-OPEX ngamagama alula, ifomula nokubala, incazelo ngamagama alula: https://youtu.be/cPwlp3-NHZI uma kunokungaboni ngaso linye ngentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni. I-CAPEX iyadingeka ukuze amabhizinisi athuthukise imishini, agcine amakhono okukhiqiza. Uma ungakhi kabusha izimpahla ezingashintshi, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuncipha kwezinsiza, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwe-CAPEX ne-OPEX. Iyini i-CAPEX ne-OPEX ngamagama alula, ifomula nokubala, incazelo ngamagama alula: https://youtu.be/cPwlp3-NHZI uma kunokungaboni ngaso linye ngentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni. I-CAPEX iyadingeka ukuze amabhizinisi athuthukise imishini, agcine umthamo wokukhiqiza. Uma ungakhi kabusha izimpahla ezingashintshi, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuncipha kwezinsiza, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwe-CAPEX ne-OPEX. Iyini i-CAPEX ne-OPEX ngamagama alula, ifomula nokubala, incazelo ngamagama alula: https://youtu.be/cPwlp3-NHZI

I-CAPEX noma i-OPEX, ukuthi yini okufanele ubhekisele kuyo – isibonelo

Izinkampani eziningi zikhetha ukuqasha indawo yehhovisi. Akuzona zonke izindawo eziqashiwe ezihlangabezana nezidingo zenkampani. Abaphathi benza izinqumo mayelana nokwenza ngcono, iphrojekthi yezinguquko iyathuthukiswa. Ake sicabangele isibonelo sokutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi elincane elikhiqizayo elikhiqiza izithasiselo zokudla. Ukwandiswa kweNeovit kwakudinga ukwanda kwabasebenzi. Isibalo sababali senyukile. Ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wekhwalithi wabasebenzi, kwakudingeka kufakwe iminyango eyengeziwe kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqasha, ukudilizwa ngeke kwenzeke. Umbuzo uphakama indlela yokucabangela izindleko zebhizinisi, lapho kukhombisa khona izindleko. Cabangela ukuthobelana nezidingo ze-IAS 16 ukuze ubone ukuthi izindleko zingabalelwa ku-CAPEX.

Imingcele yezindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza	Inhloso yokufunda ukuthuthukisa ihhovisi le-accounting endaweni eqashiwe	Ukuhambisana nemibandela yempahla engashintshi
1. Inhloso yezakhiwo	Ihhovisi liyadingeka emsebenzini wababali	Yebo
2. Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa	Isikhathi sonke sokuqashisa seminyaka eyi-10.	Yebo.
3. Ukutholwa kwezinzuzo zebhizinisi	Inzuzo ephezulu yezomnotho ihlotshaniswa nokwanda kokusebenza kahle kwendawo emsebenzini wokwanda kokwakhiwa komnyango wokubalwa kwezimali	Yebo.
4. Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zento.	Izindleko zama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1 zifanelekile ngokombono wezomnotho, kuqinisekisiwe.	Yebo.

I-Neovit ingahlukanisa izindleko ngaphansi kwe-CAPEX njengoba ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ze-IAS 16. Izindleko zokwakha izindonga zokuhlukanisa nokuthenga nokufaka iminyango zichazwa njengezindleko zokuvuselela izakhiwo, imishini namathuluzi. Isitatimende sokugeleza kwemali kwe-IFRS sibonisa i-CAPEX yenkampani. Cabangela isigatshana somsebenzi wokutshalwa kwezimali ngezindleko ezinkulu, ezihlukaniswa ngezimpahla ezingashintshi nezimpahla ezingaphatheki ngeminyaka. Amanani ayizigidi zamaRandi aseMelika.

Imisebenzi yokutshala izimali	2018	2017	2016
Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezingashintshi	653	560	494
Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezingaphatheki	35	31	31
Ukutholwa kokutshalwa kwezimali	23	137	227
Ukuthengiswa kwamagatsha	–	42	3
Inzuzo ekukhishweni kwezimpahla zesikhathi eside	eziyishumi nanhlanu	eziyishumi nanhlanu	7
Imali etholwa ngokuchithwa kwezimali ezitshaliwe	210	36	ishumi nesishiyagalombili
Intshisekelo	16	54	61
Izabelo	ezine	eyodwa	–
Buyela ekutshalweni kwezimali	466	580	663

Umgomo oyinhloko womsebenzi wamabhizinisi ukwenza inzuzo. Izindleko ze-CAPEX ne-OPEX kufanele zenziwe ngendlela yokulawulana, kungavumeli umphumela wezezimali ongemuhle emsebenzini webhizinisi.