Indlela yokwenza imali ngokuhweba, kungakanani futhi kungakanani okungenzeka eRussia

Kungenzeka yini ukwenza ukuhweba okuphilayo nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani, yiziphi abadayisi be-novice okudingeka bazi futhi bacabangele lapho behweba ku-stock exchange. Abaqalayo abaningi bangacabanga ngesithombe somthengisi wefilimu waseHollywood. Amathrendi esimanje abe nomthelela kulesi sithombe: isikhangiso sesifundo sokuqeqesha noma isisetshenziswa solwazi sibeka umhwebi njengomuntu okhululekile ophila impilo yobumnandi futhi ohweba ngenjongo yokuthola imali kuphela. Ake sibone ukuthi isithombe esinjalo sihambisana kangakanani neqiniso futhi kungenzeka yini ukwenza imali ngokuhweba?

Kuyini ukuhweba futhi ubani ongumhwebi

Ukuhweba ngomqondo obanzi kuhlanganisa ukuhweba kwezibambiso kanye nempahla. Indawo yomsebenzi womhwebi – izimakethe zamasheya nezezimali. Ukuhweba kwenziwa egameni labo futhi egameni lamakhasimende abo, abaphathisa izimali zabo zokutshala. Ukuhweba kwenzeka ezimakethe zamasheya. Isisekelo somsebenzi wokuhweba sehliselwe kuzindlela ezimbili:

1. Thenga izibambiso nezimpahla ezishibhile kunentengo yemakethe, uthengise ezibiza kakhulu, uthole inzuzo yakho ngomehluko wamanani.
2. Ukuphothulwa kwenkontileka yezimpahla, noma izibambiso ezinombandela wokulethwa okuhlehlisiwe. Kulokhu, izimpahla zitholwa esigabeni sokuwa kwamanani kubo. Izindleko zomsebenzi ziphakeme kancane futhi le ntengo ikhokhwa kusengaphambili.

Ukuhweba kwi-stock exchange akuyona into emisha emnothweni. I-analogue yokuqala yokuhwebelana kwamasheya yavela ngesikhathi lapho imali njengeyunithi ye-akhawunti isanda kwethulwa empilweni yomuntu. Ngokusemthethweni, lo msebenzi uvele ngemuva kokwakhiwa kokuhwebelana kwamasheya kanye nezezimali. ERussia, ukuhwebelana okunjalo kwavela phakathi nekhulu le-18. Kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani labo landa. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_493″ align=”aligncenter” width=”465″]
Impilo yomhwebi – akuwona wonke umuntu okulungele lokhu[/caption]

Okuhlukile kwakuyinkathi yamaSoviet, lapho ukuhweba esitokisini kwakubizwa ngokuthi ukuqagela kwezimali, futhi abahwebi babejeziswa ngokusemthethweni. Ukuqaliswa kabusha kokuhwebelana kwenzeke kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990.

Kungakapheli unyaka ngemva kwemvume, kwavela ukuhwebelana okungaphezu kuka-80 eMoscow. Bathengisa izinto ezingavuthiwe, izibambiso kanye nezimpahla ezizimele. IMoscow Interbank Exchange yasungulwa ngo-1992. I-stock exchange yavela ngo-1995. https://articles.opexflow.com/stock-exchange/moex.htm Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ivumele le ndawo ukuthi ifinyelele ezingeni elisha, ivule ukufinyelela kuhlu olubanzi lwabadayisi abasha. Abahwebi bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi abatshalizimali. Kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezimbili. Laba bantu bangabantu abakhulu ababambe iqhaza ekuhwebeni. Kodwa lolu akulona lonke uhlu lwabahlanganyeli bemakethe:

1. Umtshali-zimali ngumuntu ohlela ukutshala imali kumaphrojekthi okutshala isikhathi eside. Kubatshalizimali, isikhathi kanye nenani lenzuzo elindelekile kubalulekile.
2. Umhwebi ngumuntu obambe iqhaza ngqo ekusebenzeni kwe-stock exchange. Ububanzi bokusebenza buhlanganisa ukuvula nokuvala izikhundla, ukuthuthukisa amasu, ukuhlaziya amathrendi, nokunye.
3. Umthengisi isixhumanisi esixhuma imakethe nomtshali-zimali kanye nomhwebi.

Izindima zomhwebi kanye nomtshalizimali zinokuningi okufanayo. Umehluko usemisebenzini yabo. Umhwebi angakwazi ukuphishekela imigomo yesikhashana, ahlanganyele ekuqageleni kwempahla. Ukuthengiselana kwabatshalizimali kunganwetshwa iminyaka.

I-Psychology yomthengisi ophumelelayo

Embuzweni wokuthi ungayenza kanjani ukuhweba ngemali, indawo ebalulekile inikezwa i-psychology. Kukhona i-psychology eningi ekuhwebeni. Ukulawulwa kobungozi kuhlobene ngqo nekhono lokulawula imizwa. Amathrendi, izitayela kanye nokuhlaziywa kwawo kusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwesixuku. Ulwazi lwe-psychology lusiza abadlali ukuthi babe nomphetho wokuhweba. Isebenza kanjani? Senze inhlolovo, imiphumela eveze ukuthi abadayisi bavame ukukhathazeka ngezindaba ezimbili: ukuntuleka kwezimali kanye nesifiso sokwenza imali. Inkinga yokuntuleka kwezimali kunconywa ukuthi ixazululwe ngokunyuka kancane kancane kwezimali. Kubalulekile ukulawula izinga lobungozi. Okulandelayo, sizocabangela izithiyo ezingokwengqondo ezivamile endleleni yomthengisi nezindlela zokuzixazulula.

Okunamathiselwe kumphumela

Isifiso esiqhubekayo sokuthola imali kulokho okwenziwayo siphusha umhwebi ezinyathelweni zokuxhamazela. Bangase baqale ukuphula amasu abo ngokuhambisa ukulahlekelwa kwezitobhi, ukulinganisa izikhundla zabo, njalonjalo. Ingxabano ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa iba isithiyo ekuhwebeni okuyimpumelelo. Ukuze ugweme umphumela onjalo, kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukusebenza esitokisini ngokuqashwa kwetoho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhwebi kufanele abe nomthombo oqinile wemali engenayo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ngesikhathi sokwehla kwezimakethe ezibalulekile. Futhi, le ndlela izosekela ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuqala zokushintshaniswa.

Isidingo semali yokuqala

Ukuze uqale, udinga ukuba nemali. Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ungathola malini ekuhwebeni incike kumthamo wabo. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi idiphozithi engu-$1,000 ingangenisa cishe u-$200 ngonyaka. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe, imali yokuqala kufanele ibe noziro abengeziwe ekugcineni. Kodwa uma inhlokodolobha yomthengisi ikhula, ingozi yakhe iyanda. Izinzuzo ezingahleliwe ezidlula amandla avamile ngokuvamile zihambisana nokulahlekelwa okulandelayo. Isibonelo, cabangela indlela ye-hedge fund. Imali ebalulekile kuphela ebavumela ukuthi bathole imali engenayo njalo. Abadayisi abaphumelele kakhulu bagcina bezivulela ezabo izimali zothango.

Akekho ogonyiwe ekulahlekelweni

Ngisho noma ulawula ubungozi ngendlela efanele futhi ugcine isiyalo esiqinile, kunezindawo lapho ungalahlekelwa khona yimali. Ake sithi umhwebi unediphozithi engu-$6,000. Wenza imali elinganiselwa ku-$3,000 ngonyaka
ngokuhweba ngosuku .. Kodwa akuwona wonke ama- $ 3,000 angena ephaketheni lakhe njengenzuzo. Ake sithi, lapho uthenga futhi uthengisa izimpahla, ukhokha amakhomishini, inani eliphelele lapho okwenziwayo ngakunye kungu-$5. Uma sibala inani lonyaka lokuthengiselana, futhi kungase kube ngamakhulu abo kanye nenani eliphelele kukhomishana, khona-ke inani elihloniphekile liphuma ukuthi umthengisi ukhokhe emalini yakhe engenayo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma umhwebi engakhethi umthengisi futhi engabali amakhomishini. Ekuboneni kokuqala, zibonakala njengenani elingabalulekile, kodwa awukwazi ukuphikisana nezibalo. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi umhwebi unamandla okwandisa imibuzo enjalo. Kodwa kuthiwani uma uthola umthengisi okhomishini yakhe ingaphansi kwe-$1 noma i-$2? Khona-ke ibhalansi yonyaka nayo izoshintsha kakhulu ngokuvuna umthengisi.

Yini-ke okufanele uyenze?

Iyiphi into ebaluleke kakhulu yokwenza imali ngempela ekuhwebeni? Ingabe imfihlo kumasu noma ukuhlukahluka kwengozi okuphumelelayo? Impendulo ilele kwenye indiza: imvamisa yokuthengiselana ithinta izinga lenzuzo. Ukuhweba kungafaniswa nokujikijela uhlamvu lwemali. Uma amakhanda ekhuphuka, khona-ke inzuzo ye-$ 1 iyakhanya, ngemisila, ungathembela ku-$ 2 ngokwemibandela. Kodwa uma ungakwazi ukuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali kanye kuphela, akunakwenzeka ukushintsha ibhalansi yezezimali empilweni. Uma uphonsa uhlamvu lwemali izikhathi ezingu-200 ngosuku, imiphumela izobe isivele ihlukile. Kepha kungenzeka yini ukukhulisa imvamisa uma kukhulunywa ngokuhweba kwesikhathi esifushane, lapho okuningi kuncike kumasu azenzakalelayo? U-Virtu ushicilele isibonelo se-IPO sale ndlela. Embikweni wayo kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2009 kuya kuDisemba 31, 2013, inkampani yayinosuku olulodwa kuphela lokulahlekelwa kuzo zonke izinsuku ezingu-1238 ekuhwebeni kwansuku zonke kwe-high-frequency. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umhwebi angaphinda ama-dynamics anjalo. Kodwa ku
ukuhweba kwemvamisa ephezulu kukhulisa ithuba lokuvala isikhathi esithile ngokuhlanganisa. Ukuhweba – ukuthi kuyini, izinhlobo nokuthi inqubo yenzeka kanjani, izincwadi zabadayisi abasaqalayo ukusuka ekuqaleni: https://youtu.be/LtxCOlPw4Yw

Yenza ukuhweba ngemali ngaphandle kokwenza lutho

Kunezibalo ezisangulukisayo ukuthi cishe bangu-10% kuphela abadayisi abathathwa njengabasebenzayo. I-1% kuphela ehola amanani amakhulu, kuyilapho ama-89% elahlekelwa yizimali zawo njalo. Nge-inertia, umthengisi we-novice uphinde abuze umbuzo: kungenzeka yini ukwenza imali ngokuhweba? Kunesu elimelene nendlela yokungabi phakathi kwalabo 89% abalahlekelwa yimali. Ukuze ungalahlekelwa yimali lapho wonke umuntu elahlekelwa khona, kwanele ukungathathi noma yisiphi isenzo isikhathi esithile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imakethe iphila impilo yayo, abathengisi abasebenzayo balahlekelwa yimali. Awulahlekelwa lutho, kodwa awuzuzi lutho nawe. Lokhu akuholeli ekushintsheni kwebhalansi yezezimali, kodwa ngokombono wokuhlaziya, lesi sici singase sibe mnandi. Uma sibala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwabadayisi abasebenzayo kube yimalini bese siqhathanisa nokulahlekelwa kwethu okungaba khona,

Kungenzeka yini ukwenza imali yokuhweba eRussia – ama-stereotypes namaqiniso

Ungazuza noma ulahlekelwe ngokuhweba kunoma yiliphi izwe. I-inthanethi yenze izimo zafinyeleleka ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Manje indawo yomuntu ayidlali indima ewujuqu. Kodwa ziningi ezinye izinto ezithinta ukuthi ungazuza malini ngokuhweba ngosuku, noma ngonyaka. Lezi zici zihlobene nomsindo wolwazi otholwe yile ndawo. Ake sizicabangele ngokuningiliziwe:

1. ” Ukuhweba, ukutshala imali, ama-cryptocurrencies, njll. kuwukugembula .” Kukhona stereotype enjalo. Eqinisweni, izigidigidi zamarandi zezimali ziyajikeleza kulezi zindawo. I-stereotypes isakazwa yilabo abangakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngempumelelo kule ndawo. Futhi ngokwezibalo, laba okungenani bangama-60% alabo ababezimisele ekuqaleni kohambo.
2. ” Umuntu onesizinda sezomnotho noma ezezimali kuphela ongatshala ngempumelelo .” Ukuzijwayeza kubonisa ukuthi abahwebi abaningi abaphumelelayo beza kule ndawo ngenhlanhla, sebesebenze njengomunye uchwepheshe isikhathi eside. Phakathi kwabatshalizimali abaphumelelayo kukhona ngisho nabasiza abantu.
3. ” Ungadlala kuphela ukuhweba ngezigidi ezengeziwe .” Kunezibonelo eziningi zosozigidi abasha banamuhla abaqala ngamakhulu ambalwa amadola. Kuthiyori yokuhweba, ukuhlukahluka kwengozi kunikezwa ukunakwa okwanele ukuze kugcinwe abantu ekulahlekelweni yimali. I- Leverage ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izimali ezibolekiwe zabanye abantu.
4. ” Uma uthola izifundo ezinhle, ungaba umhwebi ophumelela kakhulu .” Le nkolelo-mbono yakhiwe kusukela emibhalweni yokumaketha ye-“infogypsies”. Ngokuhambisana okukhulayo kwesihloko sokutshala izimali kanye ne-cryptocurrencies, isidingo sezinto zemfundo kule ndawo sikhulile. Kuqhamuke amaqola amaningi athengisa “izifundo zemilingo ezizokwenza ube usozigidi ngeviki.” Eqinisweni, ukuqeqeshwa kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umhwebi. Kodwa ingqikithi yolwazi kule ndawo akukona ukwenza izigidi. Izifundo ezanele zifundisa izinto eziqondile: indlela yokuhlaziya imakethe, indlela yokulandela izitayela, isibikezelo sokuziphatha kwezimakethe, ubuchwepheshe bomshwalense wokulahlekelwa, nokunye.
5. ” Ukuhweba kuyimali elula .” Eqinisweni, abadayisi banomthwalo ongokwengqondo ophakeme kakhulu. Akekho oqinisekisa inzuzo ekuqaleni. Ukuqeqeshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono asebenzayo kudinga iminyaka echithwe emakethe yamasheya. Alikho iphakethe lezokuxhumana elinikezwa yinoma ubani. Imizwa yakhe ehlotshaniswa nokuthengiselana okungaphumelelanga ingaba umthombo wezinkinga kokubili okwamanje kanye nasesikhathini esizayo, kuvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwamasu amasha.

Imibono enjalo iyazihlakaza ngokwazo njengoba kuqondwa ukwakheka kwemakethe yezezimali. Kodwa kunengqondo ukuqaphela ngokukhangisa kule ndawo. Ukukhangisa nokukhangisa kuthinta imizwelo, futhi insimu yokuhweba ingeyalabo abangabangane abacabanga ngokujulile futhi abalahlekelwa ukuqapha kwabo ngaphansi kwethonya lemizwelo.

Izindaba zangempela zempumelelo nokwehluleka

Umkhakha wokuhweba ugcwele izindaba zempumelelo edidayo kanye nokwehluleka okuhlekisayo. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha balazi kahle igama lika-Chen Likui, umhwebi waseShayina. Le ndoda ngo-2008, ngokumelene nesizinda senkinga evamile, yakwazi ukukhulisa inhlokodolobha yayo ngo-60,000%. Abasebenzisi abaningi be-Twitter balandela iphrofayili ye-cissan_9984 ethile. Umuntu we-incognito ushicilela izithombe-skrini ezimweni zakhe, lapho azuze khona cishe u-$180,000,000 phakathi neminyaka engu-2. Le ndoda ayigcinanga lapho, ayizange iveze ubuso bayo emphakathini, kodwa imane iqhubeke nokuhweba. Iningi labo liba ababhali bezincwadi futhi lizuze izigidi ezengeziwe ngokuthengisa kwabo. Imithombo ehlukene yolwazi ilinganisa abahwebi abahamba phambili ngezwe, ngonyaka, ngenani lemali, ngobubanzi, njll. Emkhakheni wokuhweba womhlaba, laba bantu abalandelayo bathathwa njengabahamba phambili:

• Larry Williams . Isimangaliso sakhe ukuthi ukwazile ukwenza i-$1,100,000 ku-$10,000 ngonyaka. Uneminyaka engu-40 yesipiliyoni sokuhweba. Ushicilela izincwadi zakhe futhi ngaphezu kwalokho uzuza izigidi ngazo.
• Peter Lynch . Lo mlisa akazalwa engumtshali zimali. Waba omunye eneminyaka engu-52. Wakwazi ukuzuza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 zamaRandi aseMelika eminyakeni emithathu ngenhloko-dolobha yokuqala yama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingu-17.
• UGeorge Soros . Kunamahlebezi okuthi izigidigidi zikaSoros zitholwa ngokuqagela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayengenabo ubungane nokuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe. Wakwazi ukusungula ngokushesha ama-hedge funds amaningana, ekhulisa inhloko-dolobha yakhe.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_15173″ align=”aligncenter” width=”986″]
Larry Williams[/caption] Kukhona okuthile ongaziqhenya ngakho emakethe yesitoko yaseRussia. Okulandelayo kuthathwa njengokuhamba phambili:

• Alexander Gerchik, umsunguli we-FINAM;
• U-Alexander Elder, umnikazi Wezingqungquthela Zokuhweba Ngezezimali;
• U-Evgeny Bolshikh, umnikazi we-hedge fund e-USA;
• U-Oleg Dmitriev, umthengisi wangasese;
• uTimofey Martynov, uthisha e-smart-lab;
• U-Andrey Krupenich, umhwebi ozimele;
• UVadim Galkin, ubambe iqhaza ekutshalweni kwezimali kwangasese;
• U-Ilya Buturlin – umhlanganyeli we-World Championship yabahwebi;
• U-Alexey Martyanov – owawina isihloko esithi “Best Private Investor” ngo-2008;
• UStanislav Berkhunov ungumtshalizimali ozimele, oyingxenye ye-topsteptrader.

Ngokuqondene nenani lemali engenayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ulwazi olucacile lapha. Abanelukuluku abazange bakwazi ngisho nokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimali abatshalizimali abalinganisa ngazo izimali zabo. Kukhona ithuba lokusondela eqinisweni uma uzama ukusebenza ngokwephesenti lembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali. Izilinganiso zenzalo zabafikayo ngokuvamile ziba nophawu lokususa phambi kwazo. Lena indawo lapho ukuntula isipiliyoni, ulwazi noma enye into ebalulekile idinga inkokhelo ngokheshi. Isigaba sesibili sithathwa njengezimfundamakhwela. Bangaba ngemva kweminyaka engu-1-2 yokuhweba okusebenzayo. Kulesi sigaba, imali engenayo yomthengisi ingahluka ngo-2-5% ngenyanga. Uma ukwazi ukuphatha ngempumelelo izingozi, ezinye zifinyelela kumazinga afika ku-10-40%. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yokuhweba, umhwebi angabhekwa njengochwepheshe. Imali engenayo yalesi sigaba iyahluka cishe ngama-20-30%.

Idatha

Umthamo wemali yokusebenza emakethe yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe udlule amabhiliyoni angama-85. Kule mali, i-1.5 trillion. ephethwe yiNew York Stock Exchange. Ingxenye ebalulekile yezimali ingeyezinkampani ezinkulu zezezimali namabhange. Kodwa lezi zinhlangano ziqhutshwa ngabahwebi abajwayelekile besikhathi esigcwele. Akukho okuyimfihlo emsebenzini wala ma-conglomerate. Yonke imisebenzi yabo isekelwe ekuhlaziyeni nasekubikezeleni.
Kunombono othi abampofu bakhangwe ngawo umkhakha wokutshala imali ngethemba lengcebo, kanti abacebile bakhangwa yinjabulo. Bobabili banamathuba amahle okuthola awabo. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala izimali kuhlala kuyisimo esifanele kunoma yisiphi isikhathi somlando. Amaqiniso amaningi nezibonelo ngalesi sihloko aqukethwe ezincwadini ezifanele. Uma ubheka emlandweni, khona-ke ukuhweba ngaso sonke isikhathi uthole okuthile okumangaza izingqondo zabantu. Umuntu obaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha uthathwa njengoJesse Livermore. Ngenxa yekhono lokuqagela, wakwazi izikhathi eziningana ekuphileni kwakhe ukuthola amanani anjalo amenza waba usozigidi. Ngo-1907, ngesikhathi sokuwohloka jikelele komnotho, uJesse wazuza $ 3 million. Futhi ngo-1929, ngokumelene nesizinda Sokuwohloka Okukhulu Komnotho, wazuza amaRandi ayizigidi eziyikhulu. Ulwazi oluningi ngokutshala imali futhi umuntu akanalo ithuba lokuthola impendulo ecacile yombuzo ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwenza imali ngokuhweba? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le ndawo inkulu kakhulu. Kungabhekwa njengesifundo esihlukile sokufunda. Abanye abadayisi bakhuphukela ezingeni lobuciko noma isayensi. Uma sicabangela amathuba kanye nezinketho zokuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi, khona-ke lezi yizincazelo ezizwakalayo.