Nigute ushobora kubona amafaranga mubucuruzi, bangahe nibishoboka muburusiya

Birashoboka gukora ubucuruzi bubaho nuburyo bwo kubikora, ibyo abacuruzi bashya bakeneye kumenya no gutekereza mugihe bacuruza kumigabane. Benshi mubatangiye barashobora kwiyumvisha ishusho yumucuruzi wa firime ya Hollywood. Inzira zigezweho zagize uruhare kuri iyi shusho: kwamamaza kumasomo yamahugurwa cyangwa amakuru yamakuru ashyira umucuruzi nkumuntu wigenga uyobora imibereho idahwitse kandi ucuruza gusa amafaranga yinjiza. Reka tumenye uko ishusho nkiyi ihuye nukuri kandi birashoboka kubona amafaranga mubucuruzi?

Niki gucuruza ninde mucuruzi

Gucuruza muburyo bwagutse birimo gucuruza impapuro zumutungo. Ahantu ibikorwa byumucuruzi – imigabane nisoko ryimari. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bikorwa haba mu izina ryabo bwite no mu izina ry’abakiriya babo, babashinga amafaranga yabo yo gushora. Gucuruza bibera kumigabane. Ishingiro ryibikorwa byubucuruzi bigabanywa kuburyo bubiri:

1. Gura impapuro z’umutungo n’umutungo bihendutse kuruta igiciro cy’isoko, kugurisha bihenze, winjiza inyungu zawe uhereye kubitandukanye.
2. Gukora amasezerano yumutungo, cyangwa impapuro zagaciro zitangwa. Muri iki gihe, umutungo uboneka murwego rwo kugabanuka kubiciro kuri bo. Igiciro cyibicuruzwa kiri hejuru gato kandi iki giciro cyishyuwe mbere.

Gucuruza ku isoko ryimigabane ntabwo ari agashya mubukungu. Ikigereranyo cya mbere cyivunjisha cyagaragaye mugihe amafaranga nkigice cya konti yatangizwaga mubuzima bwabantu. Ku mugaragaro, umwuga wagaragaye nyuma yo gushinga imigabane no kuvunja imari. Mu Burusiya, guhanahana amakuru byagaragaye hagati mu kinyejana cya 18. Kugeza mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, umubare wabo wariyongereye.
Ubuzima bwumucuruzi – ntabwo abantu bose biteguye kubi [/ caption]

Ibidasanzwe byari ibihe by’Abasoviyeti, igihe ubucuruzi ku ivunjisha bwiswe impimbano, kandi abacuruzi bahanwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Isubukurwa ry’ivunjisha ryabaye kuva mu myaka ya za 90.

Mugihe cyumwaka umwe abiherewe uruhushya, ihanahana rirenga 80 ryagaragaye i Moscou. Bagurishije ibikoresho fatizo, impapuro z’umutungo n’umutungo wigenga. Ihererekanyabubasha rya Moscou ryashinzwe mu 1992. Ivunjisha ryagaragaye mu 1995. https://articles.opexflow.com/stock-exchange/moex. Abacuruzi bakunze kwitwa abashoramari. Ariko hariho itandukaniro hagati yibi byiciro byombi. Aba bantu ni abantu nyamukuru bagize uruhare mubikorwa byo kuvunja. Ariko uru ntabwo arurutonde rwose rwabitabiriye isoko:

1. Umushoramari numuntu uteganya gushora imari mumishinga yigihe kirekire. Ku bashoramari, igihe n’umubare w’inyungu ziteganijwe ni ngombwa.
2. Umucuruzi numuntu ugira uruhare rutaziguye mubikorwa byo kuvunja. Ingano yubushobozi ikubiyemo gufungura no gufunga imyanya, gutegura ingamba, gusesengura imigendekere, nibindi byinshi.
3. Broker ni umuhuza uhuza isoko numushoramari numucuruzi.

Inshingano z’umucuruzi n’umushoramari zifite byinshi zihuriraho. Itandukaniro riri mubikorwa byabo. Umucuruzi arashobora gukurikirana intego zigihe gito, kwishora mubitekerezo. Ibikorwa byabashoramari birashobora kuramburwa imyaka.

Imitekerereze yumucuruzi watsinze

Mu kibazo cyuburyo bwo kubona amafaranga yo gucuruza, umwanya wingenzi uhabwa psychologiya. Hano hari psychologiya nyinshi mubucuruzi. Gucunga ibyago bifitanye isano itaziguye nubushobozi bwo kugenzura amarangamutima. Inzira, imigendekere nisesengura ryabo bishingiye kumyitwarire ya rubanda. Ubumenyi bwa psychologiya bufasha abakinnyi kugira aho bahurira. Bikora gute? Twakoze ubushakashatsi, ibisubizo byagaragaje ko abacuruzi bakunze guhangayikishwa nibibazo bibiri: kubura amafaranga no gushaka amafaranga. Ikibazo cyo kubura amafaranga kirasabwa gukemurwa no kwiyongera gahoro gahoro. Ni ngombwa kugenzura urwego rwibyago. Ibikurikira, tuzasuzuma inzitizi rusange zo mumitekerereze muburyo bwumucuruzi nuburyo bwo kubikemura.

Umugereka kubisubizo

Icyifuzo gihoraho cyo kubona muri buri gikorwa gitera umucuruzi gutera intambwe. Bashobora gutangira guhagarika ingamba zabo mukwimura igihombo, kugereranya imyanya yabo, nibindi. Urusaku kugirango wirinde igihombo ruhinduka inzitizi mubucuruzi bwatsinze. Kugirango wirinde ingaruka nkizo, birasabwa gutangira gukora ku isoko ryimigabane hamwe nakazi gahoraho. Muri icyo gihe, umucuruzi agomba kuba afite aho ahurira ninjiza. Ibi bizishingira mugihe cyo kugabanuka kw’isoko rikomeye. Na none, ubu buryo buzashyigikira mugihe cyamahugurwa nintambwe yambere yo kungurana ibitekerezo.

Gukenera gushora imari

Gutangira, ugomba kugira amafaranga. Igisubizo cyikibazo cyamafaranga ushobora kwinjiza mubucuruzi biterwa nubunini bwabo. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kubitsa $ 1.000 bishobora kuzana amadorari 200 ku mwaka. Kugirango ubone byinshi, gutangira igishoro bigomba kuba bifite zeru zanyuma. Ariko uko igishoro kinini cyumucuruzi, niko ibyago bye byiyongera. Inyungu isanzwe irenze imbaraga zisanzwe akenshi iherekezwa nigihombo gikurikira. Nkurugero, suzuma uburyo bwo gukingira ikigega. Gusa igishoro gikomeye kibemerera guhora binjiza. Abacuruzi batsinze neza barangiza bagafungura amafaranga yabo.

Ntawe ukingiwe igihombo

Nubwo wakemura ibibazo neza kandi ugakomeza indero ikaze, hari aho ushobora gutakaza amafaranga. Reka tuvuge ko umucuruzi afite amafaranga 6.000 $. Yinjiza amadorari 3000 ku mwaka kuva
acuruza umunsi .. Ariko ntabwo 3000 $ yose yinjira mumufuka nkinyungu. Tuvuge ko, iyo aguze no kugurisha umutungo, yishyura komisiyo, amafaranga yose hamwe kuri buri gikorwa ni $ 5. Niba tubara umubare wibikorwa byumwaka, kandi hashobora kuba amagana hamwe namafaranga yose hamwe kuri komisiyo, noneho amafaranga meza arasohoka umucuruzi yishyuye mubyo yinjije. Ibi bibaho niba umucuruzi adahisemo broker kandi ntabaze komisiyo. Urebye neza, basa nkumubare muto, ariko ntushobora gutongana n imibare. Ariko inkuru nziza nuko umucuruzi afite ubushobozi bwo guhitamo ibibazo nkibi. Ariko byagenda bite uramutse ubonye broker komisiyo iri munsi ya $ 1 cyangwa $ 2? Noneho impirimbanyi yumwaka nayo izahinduka cyane kuruhande rwumucuruzi.

Noneho gukora iki?

Ni ikihe kintu cyingenzi cyo gushaka amafaranga mubucuruzi? Ese ibanga mu ngamba cyangwa gutsinda ingaruka zitandukanye? Igisubizo kiri muyindi ndege: inshuro zicuruzwa zigira ingaruka kurwego rwinyungu. Gucuruza birashobora kugereranywa no guta igiceri. Niba imitwe izamutse, noneho inyungu y $ 1 irabagirana, umurizo, urashobora kubara kuri $ 2. Ariko niba ushobora guta igiceri rimwe gusa, ntibishoboka guhindura impinduka zamafaranga mubuzima. Niba utaye igiceri inshuro 200 kumunsi, ibisubizo bizaba bitandukanye. Ariko birashoboka kugabanya inshuro nyinshi mugihe cyo gucuruza igihe gito, aho byinshi biterwa ningamba zikoresha? Virtu yasohoye urugero rwa IPO yubu buryo. Muri raporo yayo kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2009 kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2013, isosiyete yagize umunsi umwe gusa wo gutakaza mu minsi 1238 yose mu bucuruzi bwihuse bwa buri munsi. Ibi ntibisobanura ko buri mucuruzi ashobora gusubiramo imbaraga nkizo. Ariko kuri
ubucuruzi bwihuse cyane byongera amahirwe yo gufunga igihe runaka hamwe ninyongera. Gucuruza – icyo aricyo, ubwoko nuburyo inzira ibaho, ibitabo kubacuruzi batangiye guhera: https://youtu.be/LtxCOlPw4Yw

Shaka amafaranga ucuruza ntacyo ukora

Hano hari imibare itangaje ko abagera ku 10% bonyine bafatwa nkibyiza. 1% gusa mubyukuri binjiza amafaranga menshi, mugihe 89% bahora batakaza amafaranga. Ukoresheje inertia, umucuruzi mushya yongeye kubaza ikibazo: birashoboka kubona amafaranga mubucuruzi? Hariho anti-stratégie uburyo utagomba kuba muri abo 89% bahomba amafaranga. Kugirango udatakaza amafaranga aho buriwese atakaza, birahagije kutagira icyo ukora mugihe runaka. Hagati aho, isoko ibaho ubuzima bwayo, abacuruzi bakora batakaza amafaranga. Ntacyo utakaje, ariko ntacyo wunguka. Ibi ntabwo biganisha ku mpinduka zamafaranga, ariko duhereye kubisesengura, iki kintu gishobora kuba gishimishije. Niba tubara umubare wigihombo cyabacuruzi bakora bangana kandi tugereranya nigihombo cyacu bwite,

Birashoboka kubona amafaranga yo gucuruza muburusiya – imyumvire nukuri

Urashobora kwinjiza cyangwa guhomba mubucuruzi mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose. Internet yatumye ibintu byose bigera kuri bose. Noneho aho umuntu aherereye ntabwo bigira uruhare rukomeye. Ariko hariho ibindi bintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumafaranga ushobora kwinjiza mubucuruzi kumunsi, cyangwa kumwaka. Izi ngingo zijyanye n urusaku rwamakuru kariya gace kabonye. Reka tubitekerezeho birambuye:

1. ” Gucuruza, gushora imari, gukoresha amafaranga, n’ibindi ni urusimbi .” Hano hari imyumvire. Mubyukuri, miliyari y’amadorari azunguruka muri utwo turere. Imyandikire ikwirakwizwa nabadashoboye kwinjiza neza muri ibi bidukikije. Ukurikije imibare, aba nibura 60% mubari biyemeje gutangira urugendo.
2. ” Umuntu ufite ubumenyi mu by’ubukungu cyangwa imari ni we wenyine ushobora gushora imari neza .” Imyitozo yerekana ko abacuruzi benshi batsinze baje muri kariya gace kubwamahirwe, bamaze igihe kinini bakora nkundi muhanga. Mu bashoramari batsinze harimo n’abantu.
3. ” Urashobora gukina gusa ubucuruzi hamwe na miliyoni ziyongereye .” Hariho ingero nyinshi zabakire ba millionaires b’iki gihe bahereye ku madorari magana. Mubitekerezo byubucuruzi, gutandukanya ingaruka byitabwaho bihagije kugirango abantu badatakaza amafaranga. Leverage igufasha gukoresha amafaranga yatijwe nabandi bantu.
4. ” Niba ubonye amasomo meza yo kwiga, urashobora kuba umucuruzi ukomeye .” Iyi stereotype yakozwe kuva mumasoko yo kwamamaza “infogypsies”. Hamwe n’iterambere rigenda ryiyongera ku ngingo yo gushora imari no gukoresha amafaranga, ibisabwa ku bikoresho by’uburezi muri kano karere nabyo byiyongereye. Abigoryi benshi bagaragaye bagurisha “amasomo yubumaji azakugira umuherwe mu cyumweru.” Mubyukuri, amahugurwa arakenewe kuri buri mucuruzi. Ariko ishingiro ryubumenyi muriki gice ntabwo ari ugushaka amamiriyoni. Amasomo ahagije yigisha ibintu byihariye: uburyo bwo gusesengura isoko, uburyo bwo gukurikirana imigendekere, guhanura imyitwarire yisoko, tekinoroji yubwishingizi bwigihombo, nibindi.
5. ” Gucuruza ni amafaranga yoroshye .” Mubyukuri, abacuruzi bafite umutwaro urenze urugero wa psychologiya. Ntamuntu numwe wemeza inyungu mugitangira. Guhugura no guteza imbere ubumenyi bufatika bisaba imyaka yakoreshejwe mumigabane. Nta paketi mbonezamubano itangwa numuntu uwo ari we wese. Amarangamutima yawe ajyanye nubucuruzi butatsinzwe arashobora guhinduka isoko yibibazo haba muri iki gihe ndetse no mugihe kizaza, bikabuza gushyira mubikorwa ingamba nshya.

Imyumvire nkiyi irashonga yonyine nkuko imiterere yisoko ryimari yunvikana. Ariko birumvikana kwitondera kwamamaza muri kano karere. Kwamamaza no kwamamaza bigira ingaruka kumarangamutima, kandi urwego rwubucuruzi ni urw’inshuti zifite ibitekerezo binegura kandi ntutakaze kuba maso bitewe n’amarangamutima.

Inkuru nyazo zo gutsinda no gutsindwa

Urwego rwubucuruzi rwuzuyemo inkuru zumutwe uzunguruka no gutsindwa bisekeje. Abahanga muri uru rwego bazi neza izina rya Chen Likui, umucuruzi w’umushinwa. Uyu mugabo mu 2008, bitewe n’ibibazo rusange, yashoboye kongera igishoro cye 60.000%. Abakoresha benshi kuri Twitter bakurikiza umwirondoro wa cissan_9984. Umuntu utamenyekana atangaza amashusho ahereye kubibazo bye, aho yinjije amadorari 180.000.000 mugihe cyimyaka 2. Uyu mugabo ntiyagarukiye aho, ntiyigeze agaragariza rubanda isura ye, ahubwo akomeza gucuruza. Benshi muribo bahinduka abanditsi b’ibitabo kandi binjiza miliyoni ziyongera kubyo bagurishije. Inkomoko zinyuranye zamakuru zitondekanya abacuruzi beza ku gihugu, ku mwaka, ku bwinshi bw’imari shingiro, ku ntera, n’ibindi. Mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi ku isi, abantu bakurikira bafatwa nkibyiza:

• Larry Williams . Ikintu cye ni uko yashoboye kwinjiza $ 1.100.000 muri $ 10,000 mu mwaka. Afite uburambe bwimyaka 40 yubucuruzi. Yasohoye ibitabo bye kandi byongeye yinjiza miliyoni.
• Peter Lynch . Uyu mugabo ntabwo yavutse ari umushoramari. Yabaye umwe afite imyaka 52. Yaboneyeho kwinjiza miliyoni zirenga 20 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu myaka itatu afite imari shingiro y’amadorari ibihumbi 17.
• George Soros . Hari ibihuha bivuga ko miliyari za Soros zinjizwa mubitekerezo. Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo yari inshuti yo gusesengura tekiniki. Yashoboye gushinga byihuse amafaranga menshi yo gukingira, arushaho kongera igishoro cye.

Larry Williams [/ caption] Hariho ikintu cyo kwirata ku ivunjisha ry’Uburusiya. Ibikurikira bifatwa nkibyiza:

• Alexander Gerchik, washinze FINAM;
• Alexander Umusaza, nyiri amahugurwa yubucuruzi bwimari;
• Evgeny Bolshikh, nyiri ikigega gikingira muri Amerika;
• Oleg Dmitriev, umunyamabanga wihariye;
• Timofey Martynov, umwarimu muri smart-lab;
• Andrey Krupenich, umucuruzi wigenga;
• Vadim Galkin, akora ishoramari ryigenga;
• Ilya Buturlin – witabiriye shampiyona yisi y’abacuruzi;
• Alexey Martyanov – watsindiye izina “Umushoramari mwiza wigenga” muri 2008;
• Stanislav Berkhunov numushoramari wigenga, igice cya topsteptrader.

Kubijyanye nubunini bwinjiza, ntibishoboka kubona amakuru adasobanutse hano. Amatsiko ntiyashoboye no kumenya mubyo abashoramari b’ifaranga bapima imari yabo. Hari amahirwe yo kwegera ukuri niba ugerageje gukora ukurikije ijanisha ryinyungu zishoramari. Igipimo cyinyungu gishya akenshi gifite ikimenyetso cyo gukuramo imbere yabo. Aka ni agace kubura uburambe, ubumenyi cyangwa ikindi kintu cyingenzi gisaba kwishyura mumafaranga. Icyiciro cya kabiri gifatwa nk’abakunzi. Birashobora guhinduka nyuma yimyaka 1-2 yubucuruzi bukora. Kuri iki cyiciro, impuzandengo yumucuruzi yinjiza irashobora gutandukana na 2-5% buri kwezi. Niba ushoboye gucunga neza ingaruka, bamwe bagera kubiciro kugeza 10-40%. Nyuma yimyaka mike yubucuruzi, umucuruzi arashobora gufatwa nkumwuga. Amafaranga yinjira muri iki cyiciro aratandukanye hafi 20-30%.

Amakuru

Ingano y’imari shoramari ikora ku isoko ry’ivunjisha yarenze tiriyari 85. Muri aya mafaranga, tiriyari 1.5. ifitwe n’imigabane ya New York. Igice kinini cyamafaranga ni ihuriro ryimari nini ya banki. Ariko ayo mashyirahamwe atwarwa nabacuruzi basanzwe bigihe cyose. Nta banga riri mubikorwa byaba conglomerates. Ibikorwa byabo byose bishingiye kubisesengura no guhanura.
Hariho igitekerezo ukurikije abakene bakururwa murwego rwo gushora imari mubyiringiro byubutunzi, nabakire nibyishimo. Bombi bafite amahirwe menshi yo kubona ayabo. Kubwibyo, gushora bikomeje kuba ibidukikije mubihe byose byamateka. Ibintu byinshi n’ingero kuriyi ngingo bikubiye mubitabo bijyanye. Niba ureba mumateka, noneho gucuruza igihe cyose wabonye ikintu cyo gutangaza ubwenge bwabantu. Umuntu uzwi cyane muriki gice afatwa nka Jesse Livermore. Bitewe n’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, yayoboye inshuro nyinshi mubuzima bwe kugirango abone amafaranga nkaya yatumye aba umuherwe. Mu 1907, mu gihe ubukungu bwifashe nabi muri rusange, Jesse yinjije miliyoni 3 z’amadolari. Kandi mu 1929, nyuma y’ihungabana rikomeye, yinjije miliyoni 100 z’amadolari. Amakuru menshi yerekeye gushora imari kandi umuntu ntabwo afite amahirwe yo kubona igisubizo kidasobanutse kubibazo birashoboka kubona amafaranga mubucuruzi? Ibi biterwa nuko kariya gace ari kagari. Irashobora gufatwa nkisomo ryihariye ryo kwiga. Abacuruzi bamwe bazamuka kurwego rwubuhanzi cyangwa siyanse. Niba tuzirikana ibyifuzo n’amahitamo yo guteza imbere ibyabaye, ubwo nibisobanuro bifite ishingiro.