Nzira yekuita mari pakutengesa, yakawanda sei uye yakawanda sei inogoneka muRussia

Zvinoita here kuita kutengeserana kwehupenyu uye kuti ungazviita sei, izvo vatengesi vekutanga vanoda kuziva uye kufunga kana vachitengesa pane stock exchange. Vakawanda vanotanga vanogona kufungidzira mufananidzo wemutengesi wemufirimu weHollywood. Maitiro emazuva ano akabatsira pamufananidzo uyu: kushambadza kwekosi yekudzidzira kana ruzivo rwekushandisa inoisa mutengesi semunhu akasununguka anotungamira mararamiro ehedonistic uye anotengesa chete kuti awane mari. Ngationei kuti yakawanda sei mufananidzo wakadaro unoenderana nechokwadi uye zvinoita here kuita mari pakutengesa?

Chii chiri kutengesa uye ndiani mutengesi

Kutengeserana mupfungwa yakafara kunosanganisira kutengeserana kwezvibatiso uye midziyo. Nzvimbo yebasa remutengesi – stock uye misika yemari. Mabasa ekutengesa anoitwa ivo pachavo uye vakamiririra vatengi vavo, vanovapa mari yavo yekudyara. Kutengeserana kunoitika pamasheya. Hwaro hwekuita kwekutengesa hwakaderedzwa kuita nzira mbiri:

1. Tenga zvibatiso uye zvinhu zvakachipa pane mutengo wemusika, tengesa zvinodhura, uchiwana purofiti yako kubva pamusiyano wehuwandu.
2. Mhedziso yekondirakiti yemidziyo, kana masecurities ane defered delivery condition. Muchiitiko ichi, midziyo inowanikwa padanho rekudonha kwemitengo kwavari. Mutengo wekutengesa wakakwira zvishoma uye mutengo uyu unobhadharwa pamberi.

Kutengeserana pamusika wemari haisi hutsva muhupfumi. Ekutanga analogues ekutsinhana kwemasheya akaonekwa panguva iyo mari sechikamu cheakaundi yaive ichangobva kuunzwa muhupenyu hwevanhu. Pamutemo, basa racho rakaonekwa mushure mekugadzirwa kwemasheya uye kuchinjana kwemari. MuRussia, kuchinjana kwakadaro kwakaonekwa pakati pezana remakore rechi18. Kutozosvikira pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, nhamba yavo yakawedzera.

Kunze kwaiva nguva yeSoviet, apo kutengeserana pamusika wekutengesa kwainzi mari yekufungidzira, uye vatengesi vairangwa zviri pamutemo. Kutangwazve kwekuchinjana kwakaitika kubva kuma1990.

Mukati megore mushure memvumo, kupfuura 80 kuchinjana kwakaonekwa muMoscow. Vaitengesa midziyo, securities uye privatized assets. Iyo Moscow Interbank Exchange yakavambwa muna 1992. Stock Exchange yakaonekwa muna 1995. https://articles.opexflow.com/stock-exchange/moex.htm Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kwakabvumira nzvimbo iyi kusvika kune imwe nhanho, kuvhura mukana kune huwandu hwakawanda hwevatengesi vatsva. Vatengesi vanowanzonzi vatengesi. Asi pane musiyano pakati pezvikamu zviviri izvi. Vanhu ava ndivo vanhu vakuru vanobatanidzwa mukuchinjana. Asi iyi haisi iyo rondedzero yese yevatori vechikamu pamusika:

1. An investor munhu anoronga kuisa mari mumapurojekiti ekudyara kwenguva refu. Kune vanoisa mari, nguva uye huwandu hwepurofiti inotarisirwa zvakakosha.
2. Mutengesi munhu anobatanidzwa zvakananga mukushanda pane stock exchange. Chiyero chehunyanzvi chinosanganisira kuvhura nekuvhara zvinzvimbo, kugadzira mazano, kuongorora mafambiro, nezvimwe.
3. Bhuroka chinongedzo chinobatanidza musika nemutengi uye mutengesi.

Mabasa emutengesi nemuiti wemari ane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Musiyano uri mumabasa avo. Mutengesi anogona kutevera zvinangwa zvenguva pfupi, kuita fungidziro yeasset. Investor transactions inogona kutambanudzwa kwemakore.

Psychology yemutengesi akabudirira

Mumubvunzo wekuita mari yekutengesa, nzvimbo yakakosha inopiwa kune psychology. Kune yakawanda psychology mukutengesa. Risk management yakanangana nekugona kudzora manzwiro. Maitiro, maitiro uye kuongorora kwavo kunobva pane maitiro evanhu vazhinji. Kuziva nezve psychology kunobatsira vatambi kuti vave nekutengesa. Inoshanda sei? Takaita ongororo, mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti vatengesi vanowanzonetseka nezvenyaya mbiri: kushaya mari uye chido chekuita mari. Dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemari rinokurudzirwa kugadziriswa nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumari. Zvakakosha kudzora mwero wengozi. Zvadaro, tichatarisa zvipingamupinyi zvakajairika zvepfungwa munzira yemutengesi uye nzira dzekuzvigadzirisa.

Attachment kune chigumisiro

Chishuwo chenguva dzose chekuwana kubva kune chimwe nechimwe chekutengeserana chinosundira mutengesi kune nhanho dzekumhanya. Vanogona kutanga kuputsa mazano avo nekufambisa kurasikirwa kwekumira, kuenzana nzvimbo dzavo, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Kupokana kuitira kudzivirira kurasikirwa kunova chipingamupinyi pakubudirira kwekutengeserana. Kuti udzivise chiitiko chakadaro, zvinokurudzirwa kutanga kushanda pamusika wekutengesa nebasa renguva pfupi. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengesi anofanira kunge ane mari yakafanana yakagadzikana yekuwana mari. Izvi zvichasimbisa panguva yekuderera kukuru kwemusika. Zvakare, nzira iyi ichatsigira panguva yekudzidziswa uye matanho ekutanga pakutsinhana.

Kudiwa kwekutanga-up capital

Kuti utange, unofanirwa kunge uine mari. Mhinduro kumubvunzo wekuti imarii yaunogona kuwana pakutengesa zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwavo. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti dhipoziti ye $ 1,000 inogona kuunza $200 pagore. Kuti uwane yakawanda, kutanga capital kunofanirwa kuve nekuwedzera zero pakupedzisira. Asi mukuru wemutengesi mari yake, anowedzera njodzi dzake. Random purofiti inodarika yakajairika dynamics inowanzoperekedzwa nekurasikirwa kunotevera. Semuenzaniso, funga nezve hedge fund nzira. Chete yakakosha capital inovatendera kuti vagare vachiwana mari. Vatengesi vakanyanya kubudirira vanopedzisira vavhura mari yavo yeheji.

Hapana asingadziviriri kurasikirwa

Kunyangwe iwe ukagadzirisa njodzi nemazvo uye nekuchengeta chirango chakasimba, kune nzvimbo dzaunogona kurasikirwa nemari. Ngatitii mutengesi ane deposit ye ​​$ 6,000. Anoita inofungidzirwa $3,000 pagore kubva
pakutengesa kwezuva .. Asi haisi yese $3,000 inopinda muhomwe yake sepurofiti. Ngatitii, pakutenga nekutengesa zvinhu, anobhadhara makomisheni, iyo yose mari iyo pakutengeserana imadhora mashanu. Kana tikaverenga nhamba yegore yekutengeserana, uye panogona kunge kune mazana avo uye mari yose pamusangano, ipapo mari yakanaka inobuda iyo mutengesi akabhadhara kubva pamari yake. Izvi zvinoitika kana mutengesi akasasarudza bhuroka uye asingaverenge makomisheni. Pakutanga kuona, vanoita sehuwandu husingakoshi, asi haugoni kukakavadzana nemasvomhu. Asi nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti mutengesi ane kugona kukwenenzvera mibvunzo yakadai. Asi ko kana iwe ukawana broker ane komisheni iri shoma ne $ 1 kana $ 2? Zvadaro chiyero chegore negore chichachinjawo zvakanyanya mukufarira mutengesi.

Ndoita sei ipapo?

Chii chinonyanya kukosha kuita mari pakutengesa? Chakavanzika chiri muhurongwa here kana kubudirira kusiyanisa njodzi? Mhinduro iri mune imwe ndege: kuwanda kwekutengeserana kunokanganisa mwero wepurofiti. Kutengeserana kunogona kufananidzwa nekukandira mari. Kana misoro ikauya, ipapo purofiti ye $ 1 inopenya, kune miswe, unogona kuverengera pamadhora maviri. Asi kana iwe uchikwanisa kungokanda mari kamwe chete, hazvibviri kushandura mararamiro emari muupenyu. Kana iwe ukakanda coin ka200 pazuva, mhedzisiro inenge yatove yakasiyana. Asi zvinogoneka here kuwedzera kuwanda kana zvasvika pakutengesa kwenguva pfupi, uko zvakawanda zvinoenderana nemaitiro otomatiki? Virtu yakaburitsa muenzaniso weIPO weiyi nzira. Mumushumo wayo kubva muna Ndira 1, 2009 kusvika Zvita 31, 2013, kambani yakange iine zuva rimwe chete rekurasikirwa kubva pamazuva ese 1238 mukutengesa kwezuva nezuva kwakakwira-frequency. Izvi hazvirevi kuti mutengesi wese anogona kudzokorora masimba akadaro. Asi pa
high-frequency trading inowedzera mukana wekuvhara imwe nguva nekuwedzera. Kutengeserana – kuti chii, mhando uye maitiro anoitika, mabhuku evatengesi vekutanga kubva pakatanga: https://youtu.be/LtxCOlPw4Yw

Ita mari kutengeserana pasina kuita chero chinhu

Pane huwandu hunokatyamadza hwekuti vatengesi vangangosvika gumi muzana ndivo vanoonekwa sevanoshanda. Chete 1% inowana mari hombe, nepo 89% inogara ichirasikirwa nemari yavo. Ne inertia, mutengesi mutsva anobvunza zvakare mubvunzo: zvinoita here kuita mari pakutengesa? Pane anti-strategy kuti urege kuva pakati peavo 89% vanorasikirwa nemari. Kuti urege kurasikirwa nemari apo munhu wose ari kurasikirwa, zvakakwana kuti usatora chero chiito kune imwe nguva. Zvichakadaro, misika inorarama hupenyu hwayo, vatengesi vanoshanda vanorasikirwa nemari. Hapana chaunorasikirwa nacho, asi hapana chaunowana zvakare. Izvi hazvirevi kuchinja kwemari yemari, asi kubva pakuona kwekuongorora, chinhu ichi chingave chinonakidza. Kana tikaverenga kuti kurasikirwa kwevatengesi vanoshanda kwakadii uye tichienzanisa nekurasikirwa kwedu kwatinogona,

Zvinoita here kuita mari yekutengesa muRussia – stereotypes uye chokwadi

Iwe unogona kuwana kana kurasikirwa nekutengesa mune chero nyika. Indaneti yakaita kuti zvinhu zviwanikwe nemunhu wese zvakaenzana. Iye zvino nzvimbo yemunhu haisi kuita basa rinokosha. Asi pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvinokanganisa mangani aunogona kuwana kubva mukutengesa pazuva, kana pagore. Zvinhu izvi zvine chekuita neruzha rweruzivo rwakatorwa nenzvimbo iyi. Ngatitarisei zvakadzama:

1. ” Kutengesa, kuisa mari, cryptocurrencies, nezvimwewo ibheja .” Kune stereotype yakadaro. Muchokwadi, mabhiriyoni emadhora emari ari kutenderera munzvimbo idzi. Stereotypes inoparadzirwa nevaya vasina kukwanisa kubudirira kubatanidza munharaunda iyi. Uye maererano nehuwandu, idzi dzinenge 60% yeavo vakatsunga pakutanga kwerwendo.
2. ” Munhu ane ruzivo rwezvehupfumi kana zvemari ndiye chete anogona kuisa mari zvakanaka .” Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti vatengesi vazhinji vakabudirira vakauya munzvimbo iyi nemukana, vanga vachishanda seimwe nyanzvi kwenguva yakareba. Pakati pevanoisa mari vakabudirira pane vanotobatsira vanhu.
3. ” Unogona kungotamba uchitengesa nemamwe mamillion .” Kune mienzaniso mizhinji yemamirioni vechidiki anhasi vanotanga nemazana mashoma emadhora. Mukutengesa dzidziso, kusiyanisa njodzi kunopiwa kutarisisa kwakakwana kuti vanhu vasarasikirwe nemari. Leverage inobvumidza iwe kushandisa mari yevamwe vanhu yakakweretwa.
4. ” Kana ukawana kosi yakanaka yekudzidza, unogona kuve mutengesi anobudirira .” Iyi stereotype inoumbwa kubva muzvinyorwa zvekutengesa zve “infogypsies”. Nekukura kwekukosha kwemusoro wekudyara uye cryptocurrencies, kudiwa kwezvinhu zvekudzidzisa munzvimbo ino kwakurawo. Makororo mazhinji akabuda achitengesa “magic courses ayo achaita kuti uve mamionaire muvhiki.” Muchokwadi, kudzidziswa kunodiwa kune wese mutengesi. Asi kukosha kweruzivo munharaunda iyi hakusi kuita mamirioni. Makosi akakwana anodzidzisa zvinhu chaizvo: maitiro ekuongorora musika, maitiro ekutevera mafambiro, fungidziro yemusika maitiro, kurasikirwa kweinishuwarenzi matekinoroji, zvichingodaro.
5. ” Kutengeserana imari iri nyore .” Muchokwadi, vatengesi vane mutoro wakanyanya wepfungwa. Hapana anovimbisa purofiti pakutanga. Kudzidziswa nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hunoshanda kunoda makore anoshandiswa pamusika wemasheya. Hapana social package inopihwa nemunhu. Manzwiro ega ane chekuita nekusabudirira kwekutengeserana anogona kuve tsime rematambudziko mune yazvino uye mune ramangwana, kudzivirira kuitwa kwemaitiro matsva.

Mafungiro akadaro anonyungudika ega sezvo chimiro chemusika wemari chinonzwisiswa. Asi zvine musoro kungwarira nekushambadza munzvimbo iyi. Kushambadzira uye kushambadza kunokanganisa manzwiro, uye munda wekutengesa ndeweavo vanoshamwaridzana nekufunga kwakadzama uye vasingarasikirwe vakasvinura pasi pesimba remanzwiro.

Nyaya dzechokwadi dzekubudirira nekukundikana

Munda wekutengesa uzere nenyaya dzekubudirira kwedzungu uye kutadza kupusa. Nyanzvi munyaya iyi dzinonyatsoziva zita raChen Likui, mutengesi wekuChina. Murume uyu muna 2008, pakatarisana nedambudziko guru, akakwanisa kuwedzera guta rake ne60,000%. Vazhinji vashandisi ve Twitter vanotevera chimiro cheimwe cissan_9984. Munhu weincognito anoburitsa zviratidziro kubva kumakesi ake, kwaakawana mari inosvika zviuru zana nemakumi masere emadhora mukati memakore maviri. Murume wacho haana kugumira ipapo, haana kuratidza chiso chake kuvanhu, asi anongoramba achitengesa. Vazhinji vavo vanova vanyori vemabhuku uye vanowana mamwe mamirioni kubva mukutengesa kwavo. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeruzivo dzinoisa vatengesi vepamusoro nenyika, pagore, nehuwandu hwemari, nechiyero, nezvimwe. Munzvimbo yekutengeserana yepasi rose, vanhu vanotevera vanoonekwa sevakanyanya kunaka:

• Larry Williams . Chiitiko chake ndechekuti akakwanisa kuita $1,100,000 kubva pa $10,000 pagore. Ane makore makumi mana eruzivo rwekutengesa. Anotsikisa mabhuku ake uyezve anowana mamirioni kubva kwavari.
• Peter Lynch . Murume uyu haana kuzvarwa ari investor. Akava mumwe pazera remakore 52. Akakwanisa kuwana mari inopfuura mamiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora ekuAmerica mumakore matatu ane mari yekutanga ye17 zviuru zvemadhora.
• George Soros . Pane runyerekupe rwekuti mabhiriyoni eSoros anowanwa nekufungidzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, akanga asina ushamwari nekuongorora unyanzvi. Akakwanisa kukurumidza kusimbisa akawanda hedge funds, achiwedzera kuwedzera mari yake.

Pane chimwe chinhu chokuzvirumbidza nacho paRussia stock exchange. Zvinotevera zvinoonekwa sezvakanakisa:

• Alexander Gerchik, muvambi weFINAM;
• Alexander Mukuru, muridzi weMari Yekutengesa Semina;
• Evgeny Bolshikh, muridzi wehedge fund muU.SA;
• Oleg Dmitriev, private broker;
• Timofey Martynov, mudzidzisi pa smart-lab;
• Andrey Krupenich, mutengesi wega;
• Vadim Galkin, ari kuita mari yega;
• Ilya Buturlin – mubatanidzwa wepasi rose wevatengesi;
• Alexey Martyanov – anokunda zita “Best Private Investor” muna 2008;
• Stanislav Berkhunov ari oga investor, chikamu topsteptrader.

Kana iri huwandu hwemari, hazvibviri kuwana ruzivo rusina kujeka pano. Vanoda kuziva havana kana kukwanisa kuziva kuti ndeapi mari inoyera mari yavo. Pane mukana wekuswedera pedyo nechokwadi kana ukaedza kushanda maererano nehuwandu hwekudzoka pakudyara. Mibereko yevachangouya kazhinji ine minus sign pamberi pavo. Iyi inzvimbo iyo kushaya ruzivo, ruzivo kana chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinoda kubhadharwa nemari. Chikamu chechipiri chinoonekwa seasingaite. Vanogona kuve mushure memakore 1-2 ekutengeserana anoshanda. Panguva ino, muvhareji mari yemutengesi inogona kusiyana ne2-5% pamwedzi. Kana iwe ukakwanisa kugadzirisa zvinobudirira njodzi, dzimwe dzinosvika pamitengo inosvika 10-40%. Mushure memakore mashoma ekutengesa, mutengesi anogona kunzi inyanzvi. Mari yekirasi iyi inosiyana kutenderera 20-30%.

Data

Huwandu hwemari yekushanda mumusika wekunze wekunze wakapfuura madhora makumi masere nemashanu emadhora. Pamari iyi, 1.5 trillion. yeNew York Stock Exchange. Chikamu chakakosha chemari ndeyemakongiresi makuru emari nemabhangi. Asi masangano aya anofambiswa nevatengesi venguva yakazara. Hapana chakavanzika mubasa remakongiresi aya. Zvese zvavanoita zvinoenderana nekuongorora uye kufanotaura.
Pane maonero maererano ayo varombo vanokwezvwa kunharaunda yekudyara netarisiro yepfuma, uye vapfumi nemufaro. Vese vari vaviri vane mikana mikuru yekuwana yavo. Naizvozvo, kuisa mari kunoramba kuri nharaunda yakakodzera mune chero nguva yenhoroondo. Zvakawanda chokwadi uye mienzaniso pamusoro penyaya iyi zviri mumabhuku akakodzera. Kana iwe ukatarisa munhoroondo, saka kutengesa nguva dzose kwakawana chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa pfungwa dzevanhu. Munhu anonyanya kushamisa mumunda uyu anonzi Jesse Livermore. Nekuda kwekugona kufungidzira, akakwanisa kakati wandei muhupenyu hwake kuti awane mari yakadai izvo zvakaita kuti ave mamirioni mazhinji. Muna 1907, panguva yekuparara kwehupfumi, Jesse akawana $ 3 mamiriyoni. Uye muna 1929, pakatarisana nekumashure kweKuderera Kukuru, akawana $ 100 mamiriyoni. Ruzivo rwakawanda pakudyara uye munhu haana mukana wekuwana mhinduro isina kujeka kumubvunzo kuti zvinoita here kuita mari pakutengesa? Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti nzvimbo iyi yakakura kwazvo. Inogona kutorwa sechidzidzo chakasiyana chekudzidza. Vamwe vatengesi vanosimudzira kusvika padanho reunyanzvi kana sainzi. Kana tikafunga nezve tarisiro uye sarudzo dzekuvandudzwa kwezviitiko, saka idzi idzo tsanangudzo dzakanyatsokodzera.