Indlela yokwenza imali ngokurhweba, ingakanani kwaye ingakanani enokwenzeka eRashiya

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza urhwebo oluphilayo kunye nendlela yokwenza ngayo, yintoni abahwebi be-novice abafuna ukwazi kwaye baqwalasele xa bethengisa kwi-stock exchange. Abaninzi abaqalayo banokucinga ngomfanekiso womthengisi wefilimu waseHollywood. Imikhwa yanamhlanje ibe negalelo kulo mfanekiso: isibhengezo sekhosi yoqeqesho okanye isixhobo solwazi sibeka umrhwebi njengomntu okhululekileyo okhokela ubomi be-hedonistic kwaye arhweba kuphela ngengeniso. Makhe sijonge ukuba ungakanani umfanekiso onjalo ohambelana nenyani kwaye ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza imali ngokurhweba?

Yintoni ukurhweba kwaye ngubani umrhwebi

Ukurhweba ngengqiqo ebanzi kubandakanya urhwebo lwezibambiso kunye nempahla. Indawo yomsebenzi womthengisi – i-stock kunye neemarike zemali. Urhwebo lwenziwa egameni labo kunye nabathengi babo, ababaphathisa iimali zabo kutyalo-mali. Urhwebo lwenzeka kwii-stock exchanges. Isiseko somsebenzi wokurhweba sincitshiswe kwiindlela ezimbini:

1. Thenga izibambiso kunye ne-asethi ngexabiso eliphantsi kunexabiso lemarike, thengisa kakhulu, ufumane inzuzo yakho kumahluko weemali.
2. Ukuqukunjelwa kwekhontrakthi yee-asethi, okanye izibambiso ezinemeko yonikezelo erhoxisiweyo. Kule meko, ii-asethi zifunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuhla kwamaxabiso kubo. Ixabiso lentengiselwano liphezulu kancinci kwaye eli xabiso lihlawulwe kwangaphambili.

Ukurhweba kwi-stock exchange akuyona into entsha kuqoqosho. I-analogues yokuqala ye-stock exchanges yabonakala ngexesha apho imali njengeyunithi ye-akhawunti yayingeniswa nje ebomini bomntu. Ngokusemthethweni, lo msebenzi wabonakala emva kokusekwa kwesitokhwe kunye notshintshiselwano lwezemali. ERashiya, utshintshiselwano olunjalo lwavela phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-18. De kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, inani labo landa.

Okungafaniyo kwakuyixesha leSoviet, xa ukurhweba kwi-stock exchange kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-speculation yemali, kwaye abahwebi babejeziswa ngokusemthethweni. Ukuqaliswa kwakhona kotshintshiselwano lwenzekile ukususela ngo-1990.

Kwisithuba esingangonyaka emva kwemvume, kwavela utshintshiselwano olungaphezulu kwama-80 eMoscow. Bathengisa imathiriyeli ekrwada, izibambiso kunye neempahla zabucala. IMoscow Interbank Exchange yasekwa ngowe-1992. I-stock exchange yavela kwi-1995. https://articles.opexflow.com/stock-exchange/moex.htm Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwavumela le ndawo ukuba ifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha, ivule ukufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwabahwebi abatsha. Abarhwebi badla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngabatyali-mali. Kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi ndidi zimbini. Aba bantu ngabona bantu baphambili ababandakanyekayo kwiitransekshini zotshintshiselwano. Kodwa olu ayiloluhlu luphela lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike:

1. Umtyali-mali ngumntu oceba ukutyala imali kwiiprojekthi zotyalo-mali zexesha elide. Kubatyali-mali, ixesha kunye nesixa senzuzo elindelekileyo zibalulekile.
2. Umrhwebi ngumntu obandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi kwi-stock exchange. Umda wobuchule ubandakanya ukuvula kunye nokuvala izikhundla, ukuphuhlisa amaqhinga, ukuhlalutya iindlela, kunye nokunye.
3. Umrhwebi likhonkco elidibanisa imarike kunye nomtyali-mali kunye nomrhwebi.

Iindima zomrhwebi kunye nomtyali-mali zininzi ezifanayo. Umahluko ukwimisebenzi yabo. Umrhwebi unokulandela iinjongo zexesha elifutshane, abandakanyeke kwintelekelelo ye-asethi. Iintengiselwano zabatyali-zimali zinokolulwa iminyaka.

I-Psychology yomthengisi ophumelelayo

Kumbuzo wendlela yokwenza imali yokurhweba, indawo ebalulekileyo inikwe ingqondo. Kukho ipsychology eninzi ekurhwebeni. Ulawulo lomngcipheko luhambelana ngqo nokukwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo. Iindlela, iintsingiselo kunye nohlalutyo lwabo lusekelwe kwindlela yokuziphatha kwesihlwele. Ulwazi lwezengqondo lunceda abadlali ukuba babe nomda wokurhweba. Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Senze uphando, iziphumo ezibonisa ukuba abahwebi bahlala bexhalabile malunga nemiba emibini: ukungabikho kwemali kunye nomnqweno wokwenza imali. Ingxaki yokunqongophala kwemali icetyiswa ukuba isonjululwe ngokunyuka kancinci kwemali. Kubalulekile ukulawula izinga lomngcipheko. Okulandelayo, siya kuqwalasela imiqobo yengqondo eqhelekileyo kwindlela yomthengisi kunye neendlela zokuyicombulula.

Ukuncamathisela kwisiphumo

Umnqweno oqhubekayo wokufumana imali kwintengiselwano nganye utyhalela umrhwebi kumanyathelo okukhawuleza. Banokuqalisa ukwaphula izicwangciso zabo ngokuhambisa ilahleko zokumisa, ukulinganisa izikhundla zabo, njalo njalo. Ingxabano ukuze uphephe ilahleko iba ngumqobo kurhwebo oluyimpumelelo. Ukuze ugweme umphumo onjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba uqale ukusebenza kwi-stock exchange kunye nomsebenzi wexeshana. Ngexesha elifanayo, umrhwebi kufuneka abe nomthombo ozinzileyo wengeniso ehambelanayo. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ngexesha lokuthotywa kwemarike okubalulekileyo. Kwakhona, le ndlela iya kuxhasa ngexesha loqeqesho kunye namanyathelo okuqala ekutshintshisweni.

Imfuno yokuqalisa ishishini

Ukuqala, kufuneka ube nemali. Impendulo kumbuzo wokuba ungafumana malini ekurhwebeni kuxhomekeke kumthamo wabo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba idiphozithi ye-1,000 yeedola inokuzisa malunga ne-200 yeedola ngonyaka. Ukufumana ngaphezulu, imali yokuqala kufuneka ibe neqanda elongezelelweyo ekugqibeleni. Kodwa xa inkulu i-capital yomthengisi, iphakamisa imingcipheko yakhe. Ingeniso engalindelekanga ehamba ngaphaya kwamandla aqhelekileyo adla ngokukhatshwa yilahleko elandelayo. Ngokomzekelo, qwalasela indlela ye-hedge fund. Kuphela inkunzi ebalulekileyo evumela ukuba bahlale befumana umvuzo. Abarhwebi abaphumelele kakhulu bagqiba ukuvula iimali zabo zeheji.

Akukho mntu ukhuselekile kwilahleko

Nangona ulawula umngcipheko ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ugcine uqeqesho olungqongqo, kukho iindawo apho unokulahlekelwa yimali. Masithi umrhwebi unediphozithi ye-6,000 yeedola. Wenza i-3,000 yeedola ngonyaka ukusuka
kwintengiso yosuku .. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iidola ezingama-3,000 ezingena epokothweni yakhe njengengeniso. Masithi, xa kuthengwa kwaye kuthengiswa impahla, uhlawula iikhomishini, inani elipheleleyo apho i-transaction nganye i-$ 5. Ukuba sibala inani lonyaka leentengiselwano, kwaye kunokuba ngamakhulu kunye nenani elipheleleyo kwikhomishini, ke isixa esifanelekileyo siphuma ukuba umthengisi uhlawule kwingeniso yakhe. Oku kwenzeka ukuba umrhwebi akakhethi umthengisi kwaye akabala iikomishini. Ekuboneni kokuqala, babonakala beyimali engabalulekanga, kodwa awukwazi ukuphikisana nemathematika. Kodwa iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba umrhwebi unamandla okwandisa imibuzo enjalo. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba ufumana umthengisi okhomishini yakhe ingaphantsi nge-1 yeedola okanye i-2 yeedola? Emva koko ibhalansi yonyaka iya kutshintsha kakhulu ngokuthanda umthengisi.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni ke?

Yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokwenza imali ngokwenene ekurhwebeni? Ngaba imfihlelo kwiqhinga okanye impumelelo yokwahlukana komngcipheko? Impendulo ilele kwenye indiza: ukuphindaphindwa kweentengiselwano kuchaphazela inqanaba lenzuzo. Ukurhweba kunokufaniswa nokuphosa ingqekembe yemali. Ukuba iintloko ziza, ngoko inzuzo ye-1 ye-$ ikhanya, ngenxa yomsila, unokuthembela ngokwemiqathango kwi-2 yeedola. Kodwa ukuba unako ukuphosa ingqekembe kanye kuphela, akunakwenzeka ukuba utshintshe ibhalansi yemali ebomini. Ukuba uphonsa ingqekembe ngamaxesha angama-200 ngosuku, iziphumo ziya kuba zihluke. Kodwa ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ukuphindaphinda xa kufikwa kurhwebo lwexesha elifutshane, apho okuninzi kuxhomekeke kwizicwangciso ezizenzekelayo? UVirtu upapashe umzekelo we-IPO wale ndlela. Kwingxelo yayo ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2009 ukuya kuDisemba 31, 2013, inkampani yayinosuku olunye kuphela lokulahlekelwa kuzo zonke iintsuku ze-1238 kwi-high-frequency trading. Oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umrhwebi unokuphinda loo mandla. Kodwa ku
ukurhweba okuphezulu-frequency kwandisa ithuba lokuvala ixesha elithile kunye ne-plus. Ukurhweba – ukuba yintoni, iintlobo kunye nendlela inkqubo eyenzeka ngayo, iincwadi zabahwebi abaqalayo ukusuka ekuqaleni: https://youtu.be/LtxCOlPw4Yw

Yenza ukurhweba ngemali ngaphandle kokwenza nantoni na

Kukho ubalo-manani obuzayo ukuba kuphela malunga ne-10% yabarhwebi abathathwa njengabasebenzayo. Kuphela i-1% ifumana imali eninzi, ngelixa i-89% ilahlekelwa yimali yayo rhoqo. Nge-inertia, umthengisi we-novice uphinde abuze umbuzo: ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza imali ngokurhweba? Kukho i-anti-strategy ukuba ungabikho njani phakathi kwe-89% elahlekelwa yimali. Ukuze ungalahlekelwa yimali apho wonke umntu elahlekelwa khona, kwanele ukuba ungathathi nasiphi na isenzo ngexesha elithile. Okwangoku, imarike iphila ubomi bayo, abathengisi abasebenzayo balahlekelwa yimali. Awulahlekelwa nto, kodwa awuzuzi nto. Oku akukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwibhalansi yemali, kodwa ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga uhlalutyo, le nto inokuba yinto enomdla. Ukuba sibala ukuba yimalini ilahleko yabarhwebi abasebenzayo kwaye ithelekise nelahleko yethu enokwenzeka,

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza imali yokurhweba eRashiya – ii-stereotypes kunye neenyani

Ungafumana okanye ulahlekelwe ekurhwebeni nakweliphi na ilizwe. I-Intanethi yenze iimeko zafikeleleka ngokulinganayo kuye wonke umntu. Ngoku indawo yomntu ayidlali indima ebalulekileyo. Kodwa zininzi ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukuba yimalini onokuyifumana ngokurhweba ngosuku, okanye ngonyaka. Ezi zinto zinxulumene nengxolo yolwazi efunyenwe yile ndawo. Masiziqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha:

1. ” Ukurhweba, utyalo-mali, i-cryptocurrencies, njl. kumdlalo wokungcakaza .” Kukho stereotype enjalo. Enyanisweni, iibhiliyoni zeedola zemali zijikeleza kwezi ndawo. I-stereotypes isasazwa ngabo bangazange bakwazi ukudibanisa ngempumelelo kule meko. Kwaye ngokweenkcukacha-manani, aba ngama-60% ubuncinane abo babezimisele ekuqaleni kohambo.
2. ” Ngumntu onolwazi lwezoqoqosho okanye lwemali kuphela onokutyala imali ngempumelelo .” Uqheliselo lubonisa ukuba abarhwebi abaninzi abaphumeleleyo beza kule ndawo ngebhaqo, sele besebenza njengenye ingcali ixesha elide. Phakathi kwabatyali-mali abaphumeleleyo kukho nabantu abanceda abantu.
3. ” Ungadlala kuphela urhwebo ngezigidi ezongezelelweyo .” Mininzi imizekelo yolutsha lwanamhlanje oosozigidi abaqala ngamakhulu ambalwa eedola. Kwithiyori yokurhweba, ukuhlukahluka komngcipheko kunikwa ingqwalasela eyaneleyo yokugcina abantu balahlekelwe yimali. I- Leverage ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iimali ezibolekwe ngabanye abantu.
4. ” Ukuba ufumana ikhosi efanelekileyo yokufunda, unokuba ngumrhwebi ophumelele kakhulu .” Le stereotype yenziwe kwimibhalo yokuthengisa “infogypsies”. Ngokukhula kokubaluleka kwesihloko sotyalo-mali kunye ne-cryptocurrencies, imfuno yezixhobo zemfundo kule ndawo nayo ikhulile. Uninzi lweenkohliso ziye zavela zithengisa “izifundo zomlingo eziza kukwenza ube ngusozigidi ngeveki.” Enyanisweni, uqeqesho luyimfuneko kuwo wonke umrhwebi. Kodwa undoqo wolwazi kule ndawo asikokwenza izigidi. Izifundo ezaneleyo zifundisa izinto ezithe ngqo: indlela yokuhlalutya intengiso, indlela yokulandela umkhondo, uqikelelo lokuziphatha kwemarike, itekhnoloji ye-inshurensi yokulahleka, njalo njalo.
5. ” Ukurhweba yimali elula . Enyanisweni, abarhwebi banomthwalo ophezulu kakhulu wengqondo. Akukho mntu uqinisekisa inzuzo ekuqaleni. Uqeqesho nophuhliso lwezakhono ezisebenzayo lufuna iminyaka echithwe kutshintshiselwano lwezabelo. Akukho phakheji yentlalontle enikezelwa nabani na. Iimvakalelo zobuqu ezinxulumene nokuthengiselana okungaphumelelanga zinokuba ngumthombo weengxaki ngoku nakwixesha elizayo, ukuthintela ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso ezintsha.

Iingqikelelo ezinjalo ziyazinyibilika ngokwazo njengoko ulwakhiwo lwemalike yezemali luqondwa. Kodwa kunengqiqo ukuba uqaphele ngeentengiso kule ndawo. Ukuthengisa kunye nokukhangisa kuchaphazela iimvakalelo, kwaye intsimi yokurhweba yeyabo bahlobo abacinga ngokucokisekileyo kwaye abalahlekelwa bubunono babo phantsi kwefuthe leemvakalelo.

Amabali okwenene okuphumelela kunye nokungaphumeleli

Intsimi yokurhweba igcwele amabali okuphumelela kwe-dizzy kunye nokungaphumeleli okuhlekisayo. Iingcali kule ntsimi ziyazi kakuhle igama likaChen Likui, umrhwebi waseTshayina. Le ndoda ngo-2008, ngokuchasene nemeko yentlekele jikelele, yakwazi ukunyusa inkunzi yakhe ngama-60,000%. Abasebenzisi abaninzi be-Twitter balandela iprofayile ye-cissan_9984 ethile. Umntu we-incognito upapasha izikrini kumatyala akhe, apho wafumana phantse iidola ezili-180,000,000 kwiminyaka emi-2. Le ndoda ayizange iphelele apho, ayizange ibonise ubuso bayo kuluntu, kodwa iqhubeka nje ithengisa. Uninzi lwabo baba ngababhali beencwadi kwaye bafumana izigidi ezongezelelweyo kwintengiso yabo. Imithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi inqanaba labarhwebi abagqwesileyo ngokwelizwe, ngonyaka, ngokwemali eyinkunzi, ngobubanzi, njl. Kwibala lorhwebo lwehlabathi, aba bantu balandelayo babonwa njengabona babalaseleyo:

• Larry Williams . Into yakhe kukuba ukwazile ukwenza i-$1,100,000 kwi-10,000 yeedola ngonyaka. Uneminyaka eyi-40 yamava okurhweba. Upapasha iincwadi zakhe kwaye ukongezelela ufumana izigidi kuzo.
• UPeter Lynch . Le ndoda ayizalwanga imali. Waba ngomnye kwiminyaka engama-52 ubudala. Wakwazi ukufumana ngaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi zeedola zase-US kwiminyaka emithathu kunye nenkunzi yokuqala ye-17 lamawaka eedola.
• UGeorge Soros . Kukho amarhe okuba iibhiliyoni zeSoros zifunyenwe ngokuqikelelwa. Ngelo xesha, wayengenabungane kunye nohlalutyo lobugcisa. Wakwazi ukuseka ngokukhawuleza iimali ezininzi ze-hedge, ukwandisa ngakumbi i-capital yakhe.

Kukho into yokuqhayisa kwi-stock exchange yaseRashiya. Ezi zilandelayo zithathwa njengezona zingcono:

• Alexander Gerchik, umseki we-FINAM;
• Alexander Elder, umnini weeSemina zokuRhweba ngeMali;
• U-Evgeny Bolshikh, umnini we-hedge fund e-USA;
• U-Oleg Dmitriev, umthengisi wabucala;
• uTimofey Martynov, umhlohli kwi-smart-lab;
• Andrey Krupenich, umrhwebi wabucala;
• UVadim Galkin, ubandakanyeka kutyalo-mali lwabucala;
• Ilya Buturlin – inxaxheba kwintshatsheli yehlabathi yabarhwebi;
• U-Alexey Martyanov – ophumelele isihloko esithi “Oyena Mtyali-mali wabucala” ngo-2008;
• UStanislav Berkhunov ngumtyali-mali wabucala, inxalenye ye-topsteptrader.

Ngokubhekiselele kumthamo wemivuzo, akunakwenzeka ukufumana ulwazi olucacileyo apha. Abanomdla abazange bakwazi nokufumanisa ukuba ngabatyali-mali balinganisa njani imali yabo. Kukho ithuba lokusondela kwinyani ukuba uzama ukusebenza ngokwepesenti yembuyekezo kutyalo-mali. Amaxabiso enzala abantu abafikayo bakholisa ukuba nophawu lokuthabatha phambi kwabo. Le yindawo apho ukungabikho kwamava, ulwazi okanye enye into ephambili ifuna intlawulo ngemali. Udidi lwesibini luthathwa ngokuba ngabantu abangafundanga. Banokuba emva kweminyaka eyi-1-2 yorhwebo olusebenzayo. Ngeli nqanaba, ingeniso yomrhwebi ingahluka ngo-2-5% ngenyanga. Ukuba ulawula ukulawula ngempumelelo imingcipheko, abanye bafikelela kumazinga ukuya kwi-10-40%. Emva kweminyaka embalwa yokurhweba, umrhwebi unokuthathwa njengengcali. Ingeniso yale klasi iyahluka malunga ne-20-30%.

Idatha

Umthamo wemali esebenzayo kwimarike yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle udlule kwi-85 yeetriliyoni zeedola. Kule mali, i-1.5 yezigidigidi. ephethwe yiNew York Stock Exchange. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeengxowa-mali yeyee-conglomerates ezinkulu zemali kunye neebhanki. Kodwa le mibutho iqhutywa ngabarhwebi abaqhelekileyo bexesha elizeleyo. Akukho nto ifihlakeleyo kumsebenzi wezi ngqungquthela. Yonke imisebenzi yabo isekelwe kuhlalutyo kunye noqikelelo.
Kukho uluvo apho amahlwempu atsalwa kwinqanaba lotyalo-mali ngethemba lobutyebi, kunye nezityebi ngochulumanco. Bobabini banamathuba amahle okufumana awabo. Ke ngoko, utyalo-mali luhlala luyindawo efanelekileyo kulo naliphi na ixesha lembali. Uninzi lweenyani kunye nemizekelo malunga nesi sihloko ziqulethwe kuncwadi olufanelekileyo. Ukuba ukhangele kwimbali, ngoko ukurhweba ngamaxesha onke kufumene into emangalisa iingqondo zabantu. Oyena mntu ubalaseleyo kule ntsimi uthathwa njengoJesse Livermore. Ngombulelo kubuchule bokuqikelela, wakwazi amaxesha amaninzi ebomini bakhe ukufumana imali enjalo eyamenza waba ngusozigidi. Ngo-1907, ngexesha lokuwohloka koqoqosho ngokubanzi, uJese wafumana i-3 yezigidi zeedola. Kwaye ngo-1929, ngokuchasene ne-backdrop ye-Great Depression, wafumana i-100 yezigidi zeedola. Ulwazi oluninzi kutyalo-mali kwaye umntu akanalo ithuba lokufumana impendulo engacacanga kumbuzo ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza imali ngokurhweba? Oku kungenxa yokuba le ndawo ibanzi kakhulu. Inokuqwalaselwa njengesifundo esahlukileyo sokufunda. Abanye abathengisi baphakamisa kwinqanaba lobugcisa okanye isayensi. Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo amathemba kunye neenketho zophuhliso lweziganeko, ke ezi ngcaciso zifanelekile.