Uyini Umthombo Ovulekile, amaphrojekthi, izibonelo zesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile

Umthombo Ovulekile isofthiwe esatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisense ethobelana namazinga omthombo ovulekile. Umgomo wokuvuleleka awuhlanganisi nje ububanzi bokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Isibonelo, abaklami banikeza ukufinyelela kuzifanekiso zamahhala namafonti. Kwamanye amazwe, ama-ejensi kahulumeni athuthela kwisofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile. EJalimane, idolobha laseMunich lanquma ukushintshela ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-LiMux, okuwuhlobo olwenziwe ngokwezifiso lwe-Ubuntu. E-Hamburg, izikhulu zanquma ukusebenzisa ihhovisi lase-Phoenix esikhundleni se-Microsoft Office. Uhulumeni wase-UK ushintshile ekusebenziseni ifomethi yedokhumenti ye-PDF waya ku-ODF. E-France, i-gendarmerie isebenzisa i-Ubuntu OS kanye ne-LibreOffice yamahhala.

Izimfuneko zesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile

Nazi izimfuneko ezibalulekile okufanele isicelo esisatshalaliswe ngaphansi kwelayisensi yomthombo ovulekile:

• izinhlelo zisakazwa mahhala;
• Isofthiwe iza nekhodi yomthombo, uma ingekho kuphakheji eyisisekelo, ingalandwa ngokukhululekile noma itholwe ngenye indlela;
• ikhodi ingashintshwa futhi izingxenye zekhodi zingasetshenziswa kwamanye amaphrojekthi, kuyilapho izicelo ezishintshiwe kufanele zisatshalaliswe ngaphansi kwemigomo yelayisensi yomthombo ovulekile;
• ukubandlululwa kwanoma yimaphi amaqembu abantu akuvunyelwe, isibonelo, e-USA kunemikhawulo ekuthunyelweni kwezinhlelo, kodwa ilayisense yamahhala ayikwazi ukusungula ukuvinjelwa kwayo;
• ilayisensi yomthombo ovulekile ivumela zonke izindlela zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, ngakho izinkolelo zokuziphatha zomthuthukisi aziphazamisi ukusatshalaliswa, isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokuthi: “akuvunyelwe ukusetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo” azamukelekile;
• yonke imithetho ehlobene nelayisensi yomthombo ovulekile iyafana kubo bonke abasebenzisi, izivumelwano ezengeziwe njengezivumelwano zokungadaluli azivunyelwe;
• ilayisense ayikwazi ukuboshelwa kuhlelo, unjiniyela osebenzisa ingxenye yekhodi kuphela unamalungelo anikezwe umkhiqizo ogcwele;
• umsebenzisi angakhetha ukuthi uzosebenzisa ini, isibonelo, kwenqatshelwe ukudinga ukuthi isoftware ehlinzekwe ngomthombo ovulekile ivuleke ngempela.

Amaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile – yini eyingqayizivele yawo

Iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi yomthombo ovulekile zinomehluko olandelayo:

• izinhlelo zibhalwa yilabo abazisebenzisayo, ngakho-ke, abathuthukisi baqapha ikhodi, balungise ngokushesha amaphutha futhi bathole ubungozi;
• imikhiqizo eminingi ihambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi;
• umphakathi wabathuthukisi bomthombo ovulekile uvulelekile ekuxhumaneni nabasebenzisi abangakwazi ukwenza iziphakamiso;
• Ngokuvamile izibuyekezo zesofthiwe zamahhala ziphuma kaningi kunezohwebo, ngakho izimbungulu zilungiswa ngokushesha;
• abasebenzisi, uma befisa, bangasekela uhlelo lokusebenza abaluthandayo ngemali;
• ingozi yokuthelela ikhompuyutha noma i-smartphone uma ufaka uhlelo lwe-Open Source incane, ngoba iza nekhodi yomthombo.

Umlando Wesofthiwe Yamahhala

URichard Stallman uthathwa njengomsunguli wokunyakaza kwesoftware yamahhala. Ngesikhathi esebenza e-Artificial Intelligence Laboratory e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, wayehileleke ekuthuthukiseni isofthiwe yamahhala. Isibonelo, ekubhaleni umhleli wombhalo we-EMACS wamakhompyutha e-PDP. Ngo-1984, uStallman washiya umsebenzi wakhe eMIT futhi wasungula iphrojekthi ye-GNU. Abashisekayo baqamba igama elithi “isofthiwe yamahhala” futhi basungula i-manifesto ye-GNU. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12331” align = “aligncenter” wide = “650”]
U-Richard Stallman [/ amazwibela] Ngo-1985, u-Stallman wadala i-Free Software Foundation (FSF), eyasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa isofthiwe yamahhala ngeminikelo yokuzithandela. Ngo-1989, i-General Public License (GPL) yethulwa, eyavikela abasebenzisi ngokubanika ilungelo lokukopisha, ukuguqula, nokusabalalisa izicelo. Kamuva kwafika ilayisense ye-MIT kanye ne-BSD eyathuthukiswa eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia. Ngo-1991, kwase kwakhiwe uhlelo oluzimele olusebenzayo, kodwa lwalungenayo i-kernel. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uLinus Torvalds wethula i-Linux kernel, eyayinelayisensi ngaphansi kwe-GPL ngo-1992. Maphakathi nawo-90 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izinkampani ezinkulu zaqala ukuba nesithakazelo emakethe ye-Open Source. Eyokuqala kwaba iNetscape. Isiphequluli asikhipha ngaleso sikhathi sasibhekwa njengesinye esidume kakhulu. Ngo-1998, uvule umthombo wayo. Ngemuva kokuthi inkampani isiphelile, isiphequluli seMozilla Firefox sakhiwe ngokusekelwe kukhodi ye-Navigator. Manje i-Open Source Initiative, eyasungulwa ngo-1998, ithuthukisa futhi iphromotha isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile. Ithini incazelo yomthombo ovulekile: https://youtu.be/8G3Dz_GyPI0

Amalayisense omthombo ovulekile

Kunamalayisense amaningana e-Open Source. Ukwenza kube lula ukuwaqonda, sinikeza isibalo esilandelayo, esibonisa ukuthi zihluke kanjani komunye nomunye. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12320″ align=”aligncenter” width=”697″]
Amalayisense omthombo ovulekile[/caption] Manje ake sikhulume ngawawo adume kakhulu.

1. Ilayisensi ye-MIT yathuthukiswa kwesinye sezikhungo zemfundo ezihamba phambili e-United States – iMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Cishe iqondana ngokuphelele nenguqulo yezigaba ezintathu zelayisensi ye-BSD, yengeza kuphela isigatshana esisodwa esivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwegama lombhali ekukhangiseni. Ngaphansi kwayo kuphume: XFree86, Expat, PuTTY neminye imikhiqizo.
2. Ilayisensi ye-BSD yaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ukuze isabalalise uhlelo lokusebenza lwegama elifanayo. Kukhona okuhlukile okulandelayo kwaleli layisensi:
   • Ilayisense yoqobo ye- BSD yilayisense yokuqala yokuqala, ibizwa nangokuthi izigaba ezine.
   • Ilayisense elungisiwe ye-BSD ilayisensi enezigaba ezintathu, ayifaki isigatshana esisodwa, esidinga ukukhangisa ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa isofthiwe ethuthukiswe eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia.
   • Ilayisensi ye- Intel eyakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivikelwe ngelungelo lobunikazi. Ayisekelwa i-Open Source Initiative. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11853″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”580″] Amalayisense asetshenziswe ku-Git Hub[/caption]
3. I- GNU General Public License ilayisense edume kakhulu. Uvele ngo-1988. Ngo-1991, kwavela inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-GPL v2, engakaze ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngo-2006, ilayisensi ye-GPL v2 yamukelwa.
4. I-GNU Lesser General Public License, noma i-GNU LGPL ngamafuphi, yadalelwa ukuxhumanisa amalabhulali nesofthiwe esabalaliswa ngaphansi kwamanye amalayisensi.
5. Ilayisensi ye- Apache ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule futhi usabalalise kabusha isofthiwe kukho kokubili umthombo kanye kanambambili. Ngaphezu kwamalungelo omkhiqizo, ukudluliswa kwamalungelo obunikazi nakho kunikezwa.
6. Inkohliso iyafana ne-GNU GPL, kodwa yengeza isigatshana esivumela isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile ukuthi ihlanganiswe nesofthiwe engekho mahhala, ngakho ayikwazi ukubhekwa njenge-copyleft eqinile, kodwa iyahambisana ne-GNU GPL noma kunjalo.
7. I- Common Public License yasungulwa ngabakwa-IBM ukuze bathuthuke. Ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule ikhodi futhi uyisebenzise ezinhlelweni zentengiso. Le layisensi isetshenziswe yi-Microsoft ye-Windows Installer XML.
8. I-Mozilla Public License (MPL) ilayisense eyinkimbinkimbi engalandeli i-copyleft eqinile.
9. I- Sun Publi c License iyafana ne-MPL, kodwa kunezinguquko ezincane, njenge-Sun Microsystems esikhundleni se-Netscape.

Akhona namanye amalayisense angajwayelekile kangako njenge-Guile, Common Public License, i-Mozilla Public License, namanye. https://youtu.be/oAW5Dh9q3PM

Izibonelo zamaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Linux kernel kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GNU kube yisisekelo sezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Open Source. Ukufika kwe-Netscape enentshisekelo yezinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwenziwa imikhiqizo eminingi eyahlukene. Ake siqale nge-Debian, eyasekela i-Free Software Foundation kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-1995, futhi kamuva inhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-Software in the Public Interest yasungulwa ukuze iqhubeke nokuxhasa iphrojekthi. Njengengxenye yale phrojekthi, akwenziwanga uhlelo lokusebenza kuphela, kodwa nehhovisi lehhovisi le-LibreOffice, isiphequluli seFirefox, iklayenti le-imeyili le-Evolution, uhlelo lokusebenza lokushiswa kwe-CD ye-K3b, isidlali sevidiyo se-VCL, isihleli sesithombe se-GIMP, neminye imikhiqizo. Inkampani engenzi nzuzo i-Apache Software Foundation iqale njengephrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile esekela isoftware. Umkhiqizo odume kakhulu wale nhlangano iseva yewebhu yegama elifanayo. Manje inkampani igcina inani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi asatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Apache. Abaxhasi be-ASF bahlanganisa iMicrosoft, i-Amazon neHuawei. Enye inkampani ebandakanyeka kumaphrojekthi we-Open Source iRed Hat. Ukuthuthukiswa okuyinhloko okuyisistimu yokusebenza ku-kernel ye-Linux. Akahlanganyeli ku-software kuphela, kodwa futhi nasekusekelweni kwezobuchwepheshe nokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe. Ngo-2018, yatholwa yi-IBM. I-Google iphinde ithuthukise isofthiwe yamahhala. Uthuthukisa futhi agcine amaphrojekthi alandelayo: umtapo wezincwadi we-TensorFlow wokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokufunda zomshini, ulimi lwe-Go, uhlelo lwe-Kubernetes oluklanyelwe ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa kwesofthiwe, neminye imikhiqizo. Kwezesayensi, i-Open Source ayibhekiseli kuphela kwisoftware, kodwa nasekushicilelweni kwemisebenzi, ukubuyekeza nokweseka izinsiza zemfundo. Ngo-1991, u-Paul Ginsparg wahlela i-arXiv electronic archive eLabhorethri yase-Los Alamos, lapho umuntu engathola khona imisebenzi hhayi ku-physics kuphela, kodwa nakwezokwelapha, izibalo, nezinye isayensi. I-CERN futhi inengosi enamaphepha esayensi avulekile. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12326” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1263”]
Amasistimu wokusebenza womthombo ovulekile – amasistimu okusebenza omthombo ovulekile [/ amazwibela]

Ungazibandakanya kanjani kuphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile

Uma ufuna ukuzijwayeza ukuhlela futhi wandise ukuqhubeka kwakho, khona-ke ukubamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo we-Open Source yikho kanye okudingayo. Sizokutshela isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi yini edingekayo kulokhu. Okokuqala, udinga ukubhalisa ku-GitHub bese ukhetha iphrojekthi ozobamba iqhaza kuyo. Kumelwe kukuthakasele. Hhayi-ke, uma izoba nemisebenzi eminingi ongayenza. Kufanele futhi unake ukuthandwa kwephrojekthi, inganqunywa ngenani lezinkanyezi. Kubalulekile futhi ukunquma ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kunjani nokuthi izinguquko zokugcina zenziwe nini. Ngemuva kokukhetha iphrojekthi ethokozisayo, udinga ukuthola umgcini futhi usungule ukuxhumana naye. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhetha umsebenzi. Okokuqala, kunconywa ukukhetha umsebenzi olula. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ungakwazi ukuyixazulula. Ngemuva kwalokho, dlulisela iphrojekthi kuwe futhi ufake wonke amathuluzi adingekayo. Ngemva kokuxazulula inkinga, yenza iziphakamiso zokushintsha ikhodi endaweni yokugcina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulayisha ikhodi yakho ku-GitHub bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi “Donsa isicelo”. Ngemva kwalokho, uzodinga ukufaka igama lesicelo sakho kanye nencazelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukulinda ukuthi umlondolozi amukele noma anqabe izinguquko ezihlongozwayo. Uma ngemuva kokuqala umsebenzi, kuvela ezinye izinto eziphuthumayo, noma uqaphela ukuthi awukwazi ukukwenza, ungawuyeka umsebenzi. Lokhu kuvamile, kodwa udinga ukwazisa abaqaphi ngesinqumo sakho. Ngemva kwalokho, uzodinga ukufaka igama lesicelo sakho kanye nencazelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukulinda ukuthi umlondolozi amukele noma anqabe izinguquko ezihlongozwayo. Uma ngemuva kokuqala umsebenzi, kuvela ezinye izinto eziphuthumayo, noma uqaphela ukuthi awukwazi ukukwenza, ungawuyeka umsebenzi. Lokhu kuvamile, kodwa udinga ukwazisa abaqaphi ngesinqumo sakho. Ngemva kwalokho, uzodinga ukufaka igama lesicelo sakho kanye nencazelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukulinda ukuthi umlondolozi amukele noma anqabe izinguquko ezihlongozwayo. Uma ngemuva kokuqala umsebenzi, kuvela ezinye izinto eziphuthumayo, noma uqaphela ukuthi awukwazi ukukwenza, ungawuyeka umsebenzi. Lokhu kuvamile, kodwa udinga ukwazisa abaqaphi ngesinqumo sakho.

Ukusebenzisa Umthombo Ovulekile ekuthuthukiseni amarobhothi okuhweba

Umeluleki wezohwebo noma
irobhothi wuhlelo olwenza ukuthengiselana emakethe yesitoko ngokuya nge-algorithm enqunywe kusengaphambili. Bangakwazi ukuhwebelana ngokuzimela ngokuphelele nangemodi ye-semi-automatic. Esimweni sesibili, bamane bathumele izimpawu zokuhweba futhi umthengisi wenza isinqumo sokugcina. Sibala izinzuzo zokuhweba amarobhothi:

1. Umhwebi akadingi ukuqapha amanani ngokwakhe.
2. Abacebisi Abangochwepheshe basebenza ngokuqinile ngokuya nge-algorithm enikeziwe, abanayo imizwelo.
3. Amarobhothi asabela ngokushesha kakhulu kunabantu.

Kodwa ngaphandle kwezinzuzo, abeluleki abazenzakalelayo nabo banezinkinga:

• esimweni esingajwayelekile, isibonelo, ngokugxuma okubukhali esilinganisweni, umeluleki angase asabele ngendlela engafanele, futhi umhwebi uzolahlekelwa yimali;
• Abanye abeluleki abangochwepheshe badinga ukuthi ukhokhe imali yanyanga zonke ukuze uwasebenzise.

Okulandelayo, cabangela abeluleki abambalwa bokuhweba be-Open Source. Angalandwa kusayithi le-GitHub, afakwe futhi asetshenziselwe ukuhweba. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa ikhodi yomthombo futhi uzenzele irobhothi.

I-GEKKO bot

Lona nguMeluleki onguchwepheshe ofakazelwe owavela eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Abathengisi abaningi baqala ukuhweba ngale robhothi. Okwamanje ayisasekelwa abadali, kodwa iyatholakala ukuze ilandwe mahhala ku-GitHub. Ingasetshenziswa ekuhwebeni kwe-crypto, ingaqoqa ulwazi lwemakethe futhi ibeke ama-oda. I-GEKKO bot inezilungiselelo eziningi ongahlola ngazo i-algorithm yokuhweba, futhi ulungise futhi wandise uhlelo lokwenza amadili. Inesethi yamasu enziwe ngomumo angenziwa ngokwezifiso. Kungenzeka futhi ukudala uhlelo lwakho lokuhweba. Isekela ukushintshaniswa okungu-23, okuhlanganisa: i-Bitfinex, i-EXMO, i-Bittrex, i-Bitstamp.

Zenbot

Umeluleki wokuhweba we-cryptocurrency we-Zenbot usebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ekuhwebeni. Kungenzeka ukwenza ngokwezifiso ngokuvumelana nezifiso zakho. Ihambisana namasistimu amaningi wokusebenza. Ingakwazi ukwenza ukuthengiselana kwe-high-frequency, ihwebe ngezimpahla eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le bot ingathola imali nge-cryptocurrency arbitrage. Kepha ayinakho ukubonwa komsebenzisi okunemifanekiso. Iyakwazi ukuhweba ngokuhwebelana okulandelayo: I-Bittrex, i-Quadria, i-GDAX, i-Pollniex ne-Gemini.

OsEngine

I-OsEngine iyisu lezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhweba ngamasheya. Kuhlanganisa:

• Idatha – esetshenziselwa ukulayisha idatha yomlando evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene.
• I-Optimizer – isetshenziselwa ukuhlola isu elilodwa.
• Umhloli – ukuhlola ama-algorithms wokuhweba amaningana, kodwa ngaphandle kokushintsha imingcele. Ingasebenza kanyekanye ngezikhathi ezithile namathuluzi.
• Umvukuzi – ubheka amaphethini anenzuzo eshadini. Amafomu atholakele angasetshenziswa ekuhwebeni kwangempela.
• Umhwebi – imojula yokuhweba.

I-OsEngine isebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhweba ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, phakathi kwazo kukhona okuthrendayo (isibonelo, amasu kaBill Williams noma uJesse Livermore), i-countertrend (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa imigqa ye-ballast, i-
Bollinger ) kanye ne-arbitrage. Ingasetshenziswa ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe (ukuxhumana okutholakalayo kwe-LMAX, i-InteractivBrokers kanye nokuhweba kwe-ninja), ku-
MOEX (Transac,
Quik , Most Ast, Plaza 2, SmartCom) kanye nokuhwebelana kwe-cryptocurrency (Bitstamp, Bitfinex, Kraken, LiveCoin, ExMo, Binance, ZB , Bitmex, BitMax). Futhi iyahambisana ne-Oanda forex exchange eyodwa. Kukhona abanye abeluleki abathandwayo bokuhweba boMthombo ovulekile, isibonelo, i-TradingBot, yokuhweba e-Moscow Exchange ngokusebenzisa umthengisi we-Atentis noma i-robot ye-TradingBot elula.