Niki Gufungura Inkomoko, imishinga, ingero za software ifunguye

Gufungura isoko ni software yatanzwe munsi yimpushya zujuje ubuziranenge bwisoko. Ihame ryo gufungura ntabwo rikubiyemo gusa iterambere rya software. Kurugero, abashushanya batanga uburyo bwo kubona inyandikorugero nubusa. Mu bihugu bimwe, ibigo bya leta bigenda bifungura software ikora isoko. Mu Budage, umujyi wa Munich wafashe umwanzuro wo kwimukira muri sisitemu y’imikorere ya LiMux, ikaba ari verisiyo yihariye ya Ubuntu. I Hamburg, abayobozi bahisemo gukoresha inzu y’ibiro bya Phoenix aho gukoresha Microsoft Office. Guverinoma y’Ubwongereza yahinduye gukoresha imiterere ya PDF yerekeza kuri ODF. Mu Bufaransa, abajandarume bakoresha Ubuntu OS na LibreOffice y’ubuntu.

Ibisabwa kuri software ifunguye

Hano haribisabwa byingenzi porogaramu yatanzwe munsi yuburenganzira bwa Open Source igomba kuba yujuje:

• gahunda zitangwa kubuntu;
• Porogaramu ije ifite inkomoko yinkomoko, niba itari muri pake yibanze, noneho irashobora gukururwa kubuntu cyangwa kuboneka mubundi buryo;
• kode irashobora guhindurwa kandi ibice bya kode birashobora gukoreshwa mubindi bikorwa, mugihe porogaramu zahinduwe zigomba gutangwa hakurikijwe uruhushya rwo gufungura isoko;
• ivangura ry’amatsinda ayo ari yo yose y’abantu ntiremewe, nk’urugero, muri Amerika hari amategeko abuza kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ariko uruhushya rw’ubuntu ntirushobora gushyiraho ibibujijwe;
• uruhushya rwo gufungura isoko rwemerera inzira zose zo gukoresha porogaramu, bityo imyizerere yumuntu yiteza imbere ntabangamira ikwirakwizwa, kurugero, ibintu nka: “birabujijwe gukoresha ubushakashatsi bwerekeranye nubuzima” ntibyemewe;
• amategeko yose ajyanye nimpushya zifungura isoko nimwe kubakoresha bose, amasezerano yinyongera nkamasezerano yo kutamenyekanisha birabujijwe;
• uruhushya ntirushobora guhuzwa na porogaramu, uwatezimbere ukoresha igice cya kode gusa afite uburenganzira ibicuruzwa byuzuye yatanze;
• umukoresha arashobora guhitamo icyo azakoresha, kurugero, birabujijwe gusaba ko software yatanzwe na Open Source byanze bikunze ifunguye.

Gufungura Inkomoko y’imishinga – ni ubuhe buryo bwihariye

Porogaramu nyinshi zitangwa munsi yimpushya zifungura zifite itandukaniro rikurikira:

• porogaramu zanditswe nabayikoresha, kubwibyo, abitezimbere bakurikirana kode, bakosora vuba amakosa kandi bavumbuye intege nke;
• ibicuruzwa byinshi bihujwe na sisitemu nyinshi ikora;
• umuryango wa Open Source utezimbere ufunguye kuvugana nabakoresha bashobora gutanga ibitekerezo;
• Mubisanzwe ivugurura rya software kubuntu risohoka kenshi kuruta iy’ubucuruzi, bityo amakosa akosorwa vuba;
• abakoresha, nibishaka, barashobora gushyigikira porogaramu bakunda namafaranga;
• ibyago byo kwanduza mudasobwa cyangwa terefone mugihe ushyira progaramu ya Open Source ni ntoya, kuva izanye na code yinkomoko.

Amateka ya software yubuntu

Richard Stallman afatwa nkuwashinze porogaramu yubuntu. Mugihe yakoraga muri Laboratwari yubukorikori mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts, yagize uruhare mu iterambere rya software ku buntu. Kurugero, mukwandika EMACS umwanditsi wanditse kuri mudasobwa ya PDP. Mu 1984, Stallman yavuye ku kazi muri MIT ashinga umushinga wa GNU. Abakunzi bayo bahimbye ijambo “software yubuntu” banatezimbere manifeste ya GNU. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12331” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “650”]
Richard Stallman [/ caption] Mu 1985, Stallman yashinze Fondasiyo Yubusa (FSF), yakoreshejwe mugutezimbere software kubuntu binyuze mubuterankunga. Mu 1989, hatangijwe uruhushya rusange rwa mbere rusange (GPL), rwarinze abakoresha ubaha uburenganzira bwo gukoporora, guhindura, no gukwirakwiza porogaramu. Nyuma haje uruhushya rwa MIT hanyuma BSD itera imbere muri kaminuza ya California. Kugeza 1991, sisitemu yigenga yigenga yari yarakozwe, ariko ntabwo yari ifite intangiriro. Muri uwo mwaka, Linus Torvalds yazanye intangiriro ya Linux, yahawe uruhushya muri GPL mu 1992. Hagati ya 90 rwagati rwikinyejana gishize, ibigo binini byatangiye gushishikazwa nisoko rya Open Source. Iya mbere yari Netscape. Mucukumbuzi yasohoye icyo gihe yafatwaga nkimwe mu zizwi cyane. Mu 1998, yafunguye isoko. Isosiyete imaze guhagarika kubaho, mushakisha ya Mozilla Firefox yashizweho hashingiwe kuri code ya Navigator. Ubu Open Source Initiative, yashinzwe mu 1998, irimo guteza imbere no guteza imbere porogaramu ifunguye. Ni ubuhe busobanuro bw’isoko ifunguye: https://youtu.be/8G3Dz_GyPI0

Gufungura impushya

Hariho impushya nyinshi zitandukanye zifungura isoko. Kugirango byoroshye kubyumva, dutanga ishusho ikurikira, yerekana uburyo batandukanye.
Impushya zo gufungura isoko [/ caption] Noneho reka tuvuge kubyamamare muri byo.

1. Uruhushya rwa MIT rwakozwe muri kimwe mu bigo by’uburezi bikomeye muri Amerika – Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Birasa nkaho bihuye rwose nimpapuro eshatu zimpushya za BSD, yongeraho gusa ingingo imwe ibuza gukoresha izina ryumwanditsi mukwamamaza. Munsi yacyo yasohotse: XFree86, Expat, PuTTY nibindi bicuruzwa.
2. Uruhushya rwa BSD rwagaragaye bwa mbere mu ntangiriro ya za 1980 kugirango rukwirakwize sisitemu ikora izina rimwe. Hariho uburyo bukurikira bwuru ruhushya:
   • Uruhushya rwumwimerere rwa BSD nuruhushya rwambere rwambere, rwitwa kandi ingingo enye.
   • Uruhushya rwa BSD rwahinduwe ni uruhushya rwingingo eshatu, rukuyemo ingingo imwe, isaba kwamamaza kwerekana ko iyi porogaramu ikoresha software yatunganijwe muri kaminuza ya Californiya.
   • Uruhushya rwa Intel rwakozwe kuburinzi bwa patenti. Ntabwo ishyigikiwe na Open Source Initiative. Impushya zikoreshwa kuri Git Hub [/ caption]
3. Uruhushya rusange rwa GNU ni uruhushya ruzwi cyane. Yagaragaye mu 1988. Mu 1991, verisiyo nziza ya GPL v2 yagaragaye, itigeze itakaza akamaro kayo kugeza na nubu. Muri 2006, uruhushya rwa GPL v2 rwemejwe.
4. Uruhushya rusange rwa GNU rusange , cyangwa GNU LGPL muri make, rwashyizweho kugirango ruhuze amasomero na software yatanzwe munsi yizindi mpushya.
5. Uruhushya rwa Apache rugufasha guhindura no kugabura software muri soko na binary. Usibye uburenganzira ku bicuruzwa, ihererekanyabubasha ryatanzwe.
6. Guile isa na GNU GPL, ariko yongeraho ingingo yemerera software yisoko ifunguye guhuzwa na software idafite ubuntu, ntabwo rero ishobora gufatwa nkigikorwa gikomeye, ariko irahuza na GNU GPL nonese.
7. Uruhushya rusange rusanzwe rwakozwe na IBM kubwiterambere ryabo. Iragufasha guhindura code no kuyikoresha muri gahunda zubucuruzi. Uru ruhushya rwakoreshejwe na Microsoft kuri Windows Installer XML.
8. Uruhushya rusange rwa Mozilla (MPL) ni uruhushya rugoye rudakurikiza gukoporora cyane.
9. Uruhushya rwa Sun Publi c rusa na MPL, ariko hariho impinduka nto, nka Sun Microsystems aho kuba Netscape.

Hariho nizindi mpushya zidasanzwe nka Guile, Uruhushya Rusange Rusange, Uruhushya rusange rwa Mozilla, nibindi. https://youtu.be/oAW5Dh9q3PM

Ingero zifungura isoko yimishinga

Iterambere ryimikorere ya Linux na GNU byabaye ishingiro ryizindi porogaramu zifungura isoko. Kuza kwa Netscape byashimishije ibigo binini bya IT. Kuva icyo gihe, ibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye byatejwe imbere. Reka duhere kuri Debian, yateye inkunga Fondasiyo yubuntu kuva 1994 kugeza 1995, hanyuma hashyirwaho umuryango udaharanira inyungu Software mu nyungu rusange washyizweho kugirango ukomeze gutera inkunga umushinga. Mu rwego rwuyu mushinga, ntabwo sisitemu yimikorere yakozwe gusa, ahubwo yanashizweho na suite y’ibiro bya LibreOffice, mushakisha ya Firefox, umukiriya wa imeri ya Evolution, porogaramu yo gutwika CD ya K3b, imashini yerekana amashusho ya VCL, umwanditsi w’amashusho ya GIMP, n’ibindi bicuruzwa. Isosiyete idaharanira inyungu Apache Software Foundation yatangiye nkumushinga ufungura isoko ushyigikira software. Igicuruzwa kizwi cyane muri iri shyirahamwe ni urubuga rwizina rimwe. Ubu isosiyete ikora umubare munini wimishinga yatanzwe munsi yimpushya za Apache. Abaterankunga ba ASF barimo Microsoft, Amazon na Huawei. Indi sosiyete ifite uruhare muri Open Source imishinga ni Red Hat. Iterambere nyamukuru ryayo ni sisitemu y’imikorere kuri kernel ya Linux. Ntabwo akora muri software gusa, ahubwo akora no gutera inkunga tekinike no guhugura inzobere. Muri 2018, yaguzwe na IBM. Google kandi ikora software yubuntu. Atezimbere kandi akomeza imishinga ikurikira: isomero rya TensorFlow yo guteza imbere sisitemu yo kwiga imashini, ururimi rwa Go, gahunda ya Kubernetes yagenewe gutangiza porogaramu yoherejwe, nibindi bicuruzwa. Muri siyanse, Gufungura isoko ntabwo bivuga software gusa, ahubwo no gutangaza ibitabo, gusuzuma no gushyigikira ibikoresho byuburezi. Mu 1991, Paul Ginsparg yateguye ububiko bwa elegitoroniki ya arXiv muri Laboratoire ya Los Alamos, aho umuntu ashobora kubona imirimo atari muri fiziki gusa, ahubwo no mu buvuzi, imibare, n’ubundi bumenyi. CERN ifite kandi portal ifite impapuro zubumenyi zifunguye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12326” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “1263”]
Sisitemu yo gufungura sisitemu yo gufungura – sisitemu y’imikorere ifungura isoko [/ caption]

Nigute ushobora kwishora mumushinga ufungura isoko

Niba ushaka kwimenyereza gahunda no kwagura umwirondoro wawe, noneho uruhare mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa bifungura isoko nibyo ukeneye. Tuzakubwira intambwe ku yindi igikenewe kuri ibi. Mbere ya byose, ugomba kwiyandikisha kuri GitHub hanyuma ugahitamo umushinga uzitabira. Igomba kugushimisha. Nibyiza, niba izaba ifite imirimo myinshi ushobora gukora. Ugomba kandi kwitondera gukundwa kwumushinga, birashobora kugenwa numubare winyenyeri. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya uburyo iterambere rikorwa nigihe impinduka zanyuma zakozwe. Nyuma yo guhitamo umushinga ushimishije, ugomba gushaka umurongozi no gushiraho imikoranire nawe. Intambwe ikurikira ni uguhitamo umurimo. Gutangira, birasabwa guhitamo umurimo woroshye. Ikintu nyamukuru nuko ushobora kugikemura. Nyuma yibyo, ohereza umushinga wenyine kandi ushyireho ibikoresho byose bikenewe. Nyuma yo gukemura ikibazo, tanga ibitekerezo byo guhindura code mububiko. Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba kohereza kode yawe kuri GitHub hanyuma ukande buto “Kurura icyifuzo”. Nyuma yibyo, uzakenera kwinjiza izina ryibyo wasabye nibisobanuro. Nyuma yibyo, ugomba gutegereza umuyobozi ushinzwe kwakira cyangwa kwanga impinduka zasabwe. Niba nyuma yo gutangira umurimo, ibindi bintu byihutirwa byagaragaye, cyangwa ukabona ko udashobora kubikora, noneho ushobora kureka akazi. Nibisanzwe, ariko ugomba kumenyesha abakurikirana ibyemezo byawe. Nyuma yibyo, uzakenera kwinjiza izina ryibyo wasabye nibisobanuro. Nyuma yibyo, ugomba gutegereza umuyobozi ushinzwe kwakira cyangwa kwanga impinduka zasabwe. Niba nyuma yo gutangira umurimo, ibindi bintu byihutirwa byagaragaye, cyangwa ukabona ko udashobora kubikora, noneho ushobora kureka akazi. Nibisanzwe, ariko ugomba kumenyesha abakurikirana ibyemezo byawe. Nyuma yibyo, uzakenera kwinjiza izina ryibyo wasabye nibisobanuro. Nyuma yibyo, ugomba gutegereza umuyobozi ushinzwe kwakira cyangwa kwanga impinduka zasabwe. Niba nyuma yo gutangira umurimo, ibindi bintu byihutirwa byagaragaye, cyangwa ukabona ko udashobora kubikora, noneho ushobora kureka akazi. Nibisanzwe, ariko ugomba kumenyesha abakurikirana ibyemezo byawe.

Gukoresha Inkomoko ifunguye mugutezimbere ama robo yubucuruzi

Umujyanama wubucuruzi cyangwa
robot ni gahunda ikora ibikorwa byivunjisha ukurikije algorithm yagenwe mbere. Bashobora gucuruza haba mu bwigenge no mu buryo bwikora. Mugihe cya kabiri, bohereza gusa ibimenyetso byubucuruzi kandi umucuruzi afata icyemezo cyanyuma. Dutondekanya ibyiza byo gucuruza robot:

1. Umucuruzi ntakeneye gukurikirana ibiciro wenyine.
2. Abajyanama b’inzobere bakora cyane bakurikije algorithm yatanzwe, nta marangamutima bafite.
3. Imashini zikora vuba cyane kurusha abantu.

Ariko usibye ibyiza, abajyanama bonyine nabo bafite ibibi:

• mubihe bitari bisanzwe, kurugero, hamwe no gusimbuka gukabije kugipimo, umujyanama arashobora kubyitwaramo bidahagije, kandi umucuruzi azabura amafaranga;
• Bamwe mu bajyanama b’umwuga bagusaba kwishyura buri kwezi amafaranga yo kuyakoresha.

Ibikurikira, suzuma abajyanama benshi bafungura isoko. Bashobora gukurwa kurubuga rwa GitHub, gushyirwaho no gukoreshwa mubucuruzi. Urashobora kandi kunoza code yinkomoko no gukora robot wenyine.

GEKKO bot

Numujyanama wimpuguke wagaragaye wagaragaye mumyaka myinshi ishize. Abacuruzi benshi batangiye gucuruza niyi robo. Kuri ubu ntabwo igishyigikirwa nabayiremye, ariko iraboneka kubuntu kubuntu kuri GitHub. Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru, irashobora gukusanya amakuru yisoko no gutumiza ibicuruzwa. GEKKO bot ifite igenamigambi ryinshi ushobora kugerageza algorithm yubucuruzi, kimwe no guhindura no kunoza sisitemu yo gukora amasezerano. Ifite ingamba zateguwe zishobora gutegurwa. Birashoboka kandi gushiraho sisitemu yawe yubucuruzi. Ifasha guhana 23, harimo: Bitfinex, EXMO, Bittrex, Bitstamp.

Zenbot

Umujyanama wubucuruzi wa Zenbot akoresha ubwenge bwubukorikori. Birashoboka kubitunganya ukurikije ibyifuzo byawe. Ihuza na sisitemu nyinshi ikora. Irashobora gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, gucuruza umutungo icyarimwe. Mubyongeyeho, iyi bot irashobora kubona amafaranga kuri kamarampaka. Ariko ntabwo ifite ibishushanyo mbonera byabakoresha. Bashoboye gucuruza muburyo bukurikira: Bittrex, Quadria, GDAX, Pollniex na Gemini.

OsEngine

OsEngine ni suite yubucuruzi bwimigabane. Harimo:

• Amakuru – yakoreshejwe mu gupakira amakuru yamateka aturuka ahantu hatandukanye.
• Optimizer – ikoreshwa mugupima ingamba imwe.
• Ikizamini – kugerageza algorithm nyinshi zubucuruzi, ariko udahinduye ibipimo. Irashobora gukora icyarimwe kumwanya wigihe kinini nibikoresho.
• Umucukuzi – ireba uburyo bwunguka ku mbonerahamwe. Impapuro zabonetse zirashobora gukoreshwa mubucuruzi nyabwo.
• Umucuruzi – module yo gucuruza.

OsEngine ikoresha sisitemu zubucuruzi zirenga mirongo itatu zubatswe, muribo harimo inzira (urugero, ingamba za Bill Williams cyangwa Jesse Livermore), kontrendrend (urugero, ukoresheje imirongo ya ballast,
Bollinger ) hamwe nubukemurampaka. Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe bwo guhanahana amakuru (guhuza kuboneka LMAX, InteractivBrokers nubucuruzi bwa ninja), kuri
MOEX (Transac,
Quik , Asts nyinshi, Plaza 2, SmartCom) no guhanahana amakuru (Bitstamp, Bitfinex, Kraken, LiveCoin, ExMo, Binance, ZB , Bitmex, BitMax). Bihujwe kandi na Oanda imwe yo guhanahana amakuru. Hariho abandi bajyanama bazwi cyane ba Open Source yubucuruzi, kurugero, TradingBot, yo gucuruza ku Isoko rya Moscou binyuze muri broker wa Atentis cyangwa robot yoroshye ya TradingBot.