Menene Buɗe tushen, ayyuka, misalan software na buɗaɗɗen tushe

Open Source software ce da ake rarrabawa ƙarƙashin lasisin da ya dace da buɗaɗɗen ka’idojin tushe. Ka’idar buɗewa ta ƙunshi ba kawai iyakokin haɓaka software ba. Misali, masu zanen kaya suna ba da damar yin amfani da samfura da rubutu kyauta. A wasu ƙasashe, hukumomin gwamnati suna motsawa zuwa buɗaɗɗen software. A Jamus, birnin Munich ya yanke shawarar canzawa zuwa tsarin aiki na LiMux, wanda aka keɓance na Ubuntu. A Hamburg, jami’ai sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da ɗakin ofishin Phoenix maimakon Microsoft Office. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta sauya daga yin amfani da tsarin takaddun PDF zuwa ODF. A Faransa, gendarmerie yana amfani da Ubuntu OS da FreeOffice kyauta.

Bukatun buɗaɗɗen software

Anan ga manyan buƙatun da aikace-aikacen da aka rarraba ƙarƙashin lasisin Buɗaɗɗen Tushen dole ne ya cika:

• ana rarraba shirye-shirye kyauta;
• Manhajar ta zo da lambar tushe, idan ba a cikin kunshin asali ba, to ana iya sauke ta kyauta ko kuma a same ta ta wata hanyar;
• Ana iya canza lambar kuma ana iya amfani da sassan lambar a wasu ayyukan, yayin da aikace-aikacen da aka gyara ya kamata a rarraba a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan lasisin Buɗewa;
• Ba a yarda da nuna bambanci ga kowane rukuni na mutane ba, alal misali, a cikin Amurka akwai ƙuntatawa akan fitar da shirye-shirye, amma lasisin kyauta ba zai iya kafa nasa haramcin ba;
• lasisin Open Source yana ba da damar duk hanyoyin yin amfani da aikace-aikacen, don haka tabbacin ɗabi’a na mai haɓakawa ba ya tsoma baki tare da rarrabawa, alal misali, abubuwa kamar: “An hana yin amfani da binciken kwayoyin halitta” ba za a yarda da su ba;
• duk dokokin da suka danganci lasisin Buɗaɗɗen tushe iri ɗaya ne ga duk masu amfani, ƙarin yarjejeniya kamar yarjejeniyar rashin bayyanawa an haramta;
• ba za a iya haɗa lasisin da shirin ba, mai haɓakawa wanda ke amfani da ɓangaren lambar kawai yana da haƙƙoƙin da cikakken samfurin ya bayar;
• mai amfani zai iya zaɓar abin da zai yi amfani da shi, alal misali, haramun ne a buɗaɗɗen software da aka kawo tare da Open Source.

Open Source ayyukan – menene peculiarity

Yawancin aikace-aikacen da aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin lasisin Buɗaɗɗen Tushen suna da bambance-bambance masu zuwa:

• shirye-shiryen waɗanda suke amfani da su sun rubuta su, sabili da haka, masu haɓakawa suna lura da lambar, da sauri gyara kurakurai da kuma gano raunin da ya faru;
• yawancin samfuran sun dace da tsarin aiki da yawa;
• al’ummar Bude tushen haɓakawa a buɗe suke don sadarwa tare da masu amfani waɗanda zasu iya ba da shawarwari;
• Yawancin sabuntawar software na kyauta suna fitowa sau da yawa fiye da na kasuwanci, don haka ana gyara kwari da sauri;
• masu amfani, idan ana so, za su iya tallafawa aikace-aikacen da suke so da kuɗi;
• hadarin kamuwa da kwamfuta ko wayar salula a lokacin da ake shigar da manhajar Open Source kadan ne, tunda sun zo da lambar tushe.

Tarihin Software na Kyauta

Ana ɗaukar Richard Stallman a matsayin wanda ya kafa motsin software na kyauta. Yayin da yake aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na fasaha na Artificial Intelligence a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, ya shiga cikin haɓaka software na kyauta. Misali, wajen rubuta editan rubutu na EMACS na kwamfutocin PDP. A cikin 1984, Stallman ya bar aikinsa a MIT kuma ya kafa aikin GNU. Masu sha’awar sa sun kirkiri kalmar “software kyauta” kuma suka kirkiro GNU manifesto. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_12331” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “650”]
Richard Stallman [/ taken magana] A cikin 1985, Stallman ya ƙirƙiri Gidauniyar Software ta Kyauta (FSF), wacce aka yi amfani da ita don haɓaka software kyauta ta hanyar gudummawar son rai. A cikin 1989, an ƙaddamar da Lasisin Jama’a na farko (GPL), wanda ke kare masu amfani ta hanyar ba su ‘yancin yin kwafi, gyara, da rarraba aikace-aikace. Daga baya sai MIT lasisi da BSD suka haɓaka a Jami’ar California. A shekarar 1991, an samar da tsarin aiki mai zaman kansa, amma ba shi da kwaya. A wannan shekarar, Linus Torvalds ya gabatar da kernel na Linux, wanda aka ba da lasisi a ƙarƙashin GPL a 1992. A tsakiyar 90s na karni na karshe, manyan kamfanoni sun fara sha’awar kasuwar Open Source. Na farko shine Netscape. Marubucin da ta saki a lokacin an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi shahara. A cikin 1998, ta buɗe madogararsa. Bayan da kamfanin ya daina wanzuwa, an ƙirƙiri mai binciken Mozilla Firefox akan lambar Navigator. Yanzu Open Source Initiative, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1998, yana haɓakawa da haɓaka software na buɗe tushen. Menene ma’anar buɗaɗɗen tushe: https://youtu.be/8G3Dz_GyPI0

Bude lasisin tushe

Akwai lasisin Buɗaɗɗen Source da yawa daban-daban. Don samun sauƙin fahimtar su, mun samar da adadi mai zuwa, wanda ke nuna yadda suka bambanta da juna. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_12320” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “697”]
Buɗe lasisin Tushen[/taken magana] Yanzu bari muyi magana game da shahararrun su.

1. An haɓaka lasisin MIT a ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a Amurka – Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts. Kusan ya yi daidai da nau’in lasisin BSD mai kashi uku, yana ƙara jumla ɗaya kawai wanda ya hana amfani da sunan marubucin a talla. A ƙarƙashinsa ya fito: XFree86, Expat, PuTTY da sauran samfuran.
2. Lasisin BSD ya fara bayyana a farkon shekarun 1980 don rarraba tsarin aiki mai suna iri ɗaya. Akwai bambance-bambancen wannan lasisin:
   • Asalin lasisin BSD shine lasisin asali na farko, ana kuma kiransa da jumla huɗu.
   • Canjin lasisin BSD lasisi ne mai nau’i uku, ya keɓance sashi ɗaya, wanda ke buƙatar talla don nuna cewa wannan aikace-aikacen yana amfani da software da aka haɓaka a Jami’ar California.
   • Lasin Intel wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen da aka kare haƙƙin mallaka. Ba shi da goyan bayan Buɗaɗɗen Tushen Initiative. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_11853” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “580”] Lasisin da aka yi amfani da shi akan Git Hub[/taken magana]
3. Lasisin Jama’a na GNU shine mafi shaharar lasisi. Ta bayyana a shekarar 1988. A cikin 1991, ingantaccen sigar GPL v2 ya bayyana, wanda bai rasa mahimmancinsa ba har yau. A cikin 2006, an karɓi lasisin GPL v2.
4. GNU Lesser General Public License, ko GNU LGPL a takaice, an ƙirƙiri shi don haɗa ɗakunan karatu da software da aka rarraba ƙarƙashin wasu lasisi.
5. Lasin Apache yana ba ku damar gyarawa da sake rarraba software a cikin tushe da binary. Baya ga haƙƙoƙin samfur, ana kuma bayar da canja wurin haƙƙin mallaka.
6. Guile yayi kama da GNU GPL, amma yana ƙara wani sashe da ke ba da damar buɗe software don haɗawa da software mara kyauta, don haka ba za a iya ɗaukarsa tsattsauran haƙƙin mallaka ba, amma yana dacewa da GNU GPL duk da haka.
7. IBM ta samar da Lasisin Jama’a na gama gari don ci gaban su. Yana ba ku damar canza lambar kuma amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen kasuwanci. Microsoft yayi amfani da wannan lasisi don Windows Installer XML.
8. Lasisin Jama’a na Mozilla (MPL) lasisi ne mai rikitarwa wanda baya bin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka.
9. Lasisin Sun Publi c yayi kama da MPL, amma akwai ƙananan canje-canje, kamar Sun Microsystems maimakon Netscape.

Hakanan akwai wasu ƙananan lasisi kamar Guile, Lasisin Jama’a na Jama’a, Lasisin Jama’a na Mozilla, da sauransu. https://youtu.be/oAW5Dh9q3PM

Misalan ayyukan buɗaɗɗen tushe

Haɓakawa na Linux kernel da aikace-aikacen GNU sun zama tushen wasu aikace-aikacen Buɗe tushen. Zuwan Netscape manyan kamfanonin IT masu sha’awar. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an samar da samfurori daban-daban. Bari mu fara da Debian, wacce ta tallafa wa Gidauniyar Software ta Kyauta daga 1994 zuwa 1995, daga baya kuma aka kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta Software in the Public Interest don ci gaba da ba da gudummawar aikin. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin, ba kawai tsarin aiki da aka ƙirƙira ba, har ma da LibreOffice suite, da Firefox browser, abokin ciniki na imel na Evolution, aikace-aikacen kona CD na K3b, na’urar bidiyo ta VCL, editan hoto na GIMP, da sauran kayayyaki. Kamfanin Apache Software Foundation wanda ba shi da riba ya fara ne azaman Buɗewa aikin da ke tallafawa software. Mafi shaharar samfurin wannan ƙungiyar shine sabar gidan yanar gizo mai suna iri ɗaya. Yanzu kamfanin yana kula da babban adadin ayyukan da aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin lasisin Apache. Masu tallafawa ASF sun haɗa da Microsoft, Amazon da Huawei. Wani kamfani da ke cikin ayyukan Open Source shine Red Hat. Babban ci gaban wanda shine tsarin aiki akan kwayayen Linux. Ta tsunduma ba kawai a software, amma kuma a fasaha goyon baya da kuma horar da kwararru. A cikin 2018, IBM ne ya saye shi. Google kuma yana haɓaka software kyauta. Ta haɓaka da kuma kula da ayyukan masu zuwa: ɗakin karatu na TensorFlow don haɓaka tsarin ilmantarwa na inji, Yaren Go, shirin Kubernetes da aka tsara don sarrafa sarrafa kayan aikin software, da sauran samfurori. A cikin kimiyya, Open Source ba yana nufin software kawai ba, har ma da buga ayyukan. bita da tallafawa albarkatun ilimi. A shekara ta 1991, Paul Ginsparg ya shirya rumbun adana kayan lantarki na arXiv a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Los Alamos, inda mutum zai iya samun ayyuka ba kawai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ba, har ma a fannin likitanci, lissafi, da sauran ilimomi. CERN kuma tana da tashar yanar gizo tare da buɗaɗɗen takaddun kimiyya. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_12326” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “1263”]
Bude tushen tsarin aiki – buɗaɗɗen tsarin aiki na tushen tushen [/ taken magana]

Yadda ake shiga cikin aikin Buɗewa

Idan kuna son aiwatar da shirye-shirye da faɗaɗa ci gaba naku, to shiga cikin haɓaka samfuran Buɗewa shine ainihin abin da kuke buƙata. Za mu gaya muku mataki-mataki abin da ake buƙata don wannan. Da farko, kuna buƙatar yin rajista akan GitHub kuma zaɓi aikin da zaku shiga. Dole ne ya zama abin sha’awa a gare ku. To, idan yana da ayyuka da yawa da za ku iya yi. Hakanan ya kamata ku kula da shaharar aikin, ana iya ƙaddara ta yawan taurari. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade yadda ci gaba mai aiki yake da lokacin da aka yi canje-canje na ƙarshe. Bayan zabar wani aiki mai ban sha’awa, kana buƙatar nemo mai kula da kuma kafa hulɗa tare da shi. Mataki na gaba shine zaɓi ɗawainiya. Don farawa, ana bada shawara don zaɓar aiki mafi sauƙi. Babban abu shine zaka iya magance shi. Bayan haka, canja wurin aikin zuwa kanka kuma shigar da duk kayan aikin da ake bukata. Bayan kun warware matsalar, ba da shawarwari don canza lambar a ma’ajiyar. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar loda lambar ku zuwa GitHub kuma danna maɓallin “Buɗe Buƙatar”. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar shigar da sunan buƙatarku da bayanin. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar jira mai kulawa don karɓa ko ƙin sauye-sauyen da aka tsara. Idan bayan kun fara aikin, wasu abubuwa na gaggawa sun bayyana, ko kun gane cewa ba za ku iya yin shi ba, to kuna iya barin aikin. Wannan al’ada ce, amma kuna buƙatar sanar da masu kulawa game da shawarar ku. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar shigar da sunan buƙatarku da bayanin. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar jira mai kulawa don karɓa ko ƙin sauye-sauyen da aka tsara. Idan bayan kun fara aikin, wasu abubuwa na gaggawa sun bayyana, ko kun gane cewa ba za ku iya yin shi ba, to kuna iya barin aikin. Wannan al’ada ce, amma kuna buƙatar sanar da masu kulawa game da shawarar ku. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar shigar da sunan buƙatarku da bayanin. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar jira mai kulawa don karɓa ko ƙin sauye-sauyen da aka tsara. Idan bayan kun fara aikin, wasu abubuwa na gaggawa sun bayyana, ko kun gane cewa ba za ku iya yin shi ba, to kuna iya barin aikin. Wannan al’ada ce, amma kuna buƙatar sanar da masu kulawa game da shawarar ku.

Amfani da Buɗaɗɗen Tushen a cikin haɓaka robots na kasuwanci

Mai ba da shawara na kasuwanci ko
mutum -mutumi shiri ne wanda ke yin ma’amala akan musayar hannun jari bisa ga ƙayyadaddun algorithm. Za su iya kasuwanci duka gaba ɗaya da kansu kuma a cikin yanayin atomatik. A cikin akwati na biyu, kawai suna aika siginar kasuwanci kuma mai ciniki ya yanke shawarar ƙarshe. Mun lissafa fa’idodin cinikin mutum-mutumi:

1. Mai ciniki baya buƙatar saka idanu kan farashin da kansa.
2. Kwararrun masu ba da shawara suna aiki daidai bisa ga algorithm da aka ba su, ba su da motsin rai.
3. Robots suna amsawa da sauri fiye da mutane.

Amma bayan fa’idodin, masu ba da shawara ta atomatik suna da rashin amfani:

• a cikin yanayin da ba daidai ba, alal misali, tare da tsalle mai tsayi a cikin ƙimar, mai ba da shawara zai iya amsawa ba daidai ba, kuma mai ciniki zai rasa kudi;
• Wasu ƙwararrun masu ba da shawara suna buƙatar ku biya kuɗin kowane wata don amfani da su.

Na gaba, yi la’akari da masu ba da shawara na kasuwanci na Buɗewa. Ana iya sauke su daga rukunin GitHub, shigar da amfani da su don ciniki. Hakanan zaka iya inganta lambar tushe kuma ƙirƙirar mutum-mutumi don kanka.

GEKKO bot

Wannan tabbataccen Mashawarcin Kwararru ne wanda ya bayyana shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Yawancin ‘yan kasuwa sun fara kasuwanci da wannan mutum-mutumi. A halin yanzu ba a samun tallafi daga masu ƙirƙira, amma yana samuwa don saukewa kyauta daga GitHub. Ana iya amfani dashi akan musayar crypto, yana iya tattara bayanan kasuwa da yin umarni. GEKKO bot yana da saitunan da yawa waɗanda zaku iya gwada algorithm na ciniki, da daidaitawa da haɓaka tsarin don yin ma’amala. Yana da tsarin shirye-shiryen dabarun da za a iya keɓance su. Hakanan yana yiwuwa don ƙirƙirar tsarin kasuwancin ku. Yana goyan bayan musayar 23, gami da: Bitfinex, EXMO, Bittrex, Bitstamp.

Zenbot

Mai ba da shawara na ciniki na cryptocurrency Zenbot yana amfani da hankali na wucin gadi don ciniki. Yana yiwuwa a keɓance shi bisa ga burin ku. Ya dace da yawancin tsarin aiki. Yana iya yin manyan ma’amaloli, kasuwanci da kadarori da yawa a lokaci guda. Bugu da kari, wannan bot na iya samun kuɗi akan sasantawa na cryptocurrency. Amma ba shi da mahallin mai amfani da hoto. Mai ikon yin ciniki akan musayar masu zuwa: Bittrex, Quadria, GDAX, Pollniex da Gemini.

OsEngine

OsEngine babban rukunin aikace-aikacen ciniki ne. Ya hada da:

• Bayanai – ana amfani da su don loda bayanan tarihi daga tushe daban-daban.
• Optimizer – ana amfani dashi don gwada dabara ɗaya.
• Gwaji – don gwada algorithms ciniki da yawa, amma ba tare da canza sigogi ba. Yana iya aiki a lokaci guda akan ɓangarorin lokaci da kayan aiki da yawa.
• Miner – yana neman alamu masu riba akan ginshiƙi. Ana iya amfani da siffofin da aka samo a cikin ciniki na gaske.
• Mai ciniki – module don ciniki.

OsEngine yana amfani da tsarin ciniki fiye da talatin da aka gina a ciki, daga cikinsu akwai abubuwan da ke faruwa (misali, dabarun Bill Williams ko Jesse Livermore), countertrend (misali, ta amfani da layin ballast,
Bollinger ) da sasantawa. Ana iya amfani da shi akan wasu musanya na kasa da kasa (haɗin da ke akwai LMAX, InteractivBrokers da ciniki ninja), akan
MOEX (Transac,
Quik , Yawancin Asts, Plaza 2, SmartCom) da musayar cryptocurrency (Bitstamp, Bitfinex, Kraken, LiveCoin, ExMo, Binance, ZB) , Bitmex, BitMax). Hakanan ya dace da musayar Oanda forex guda ɗaya. Akwai wasu mashahuran masu ba da shawara na kasuwanci na Open Source, alal misali, TradingBot, don ciniki akan musayar Mosco ta hanyar dillalin Atentis ko robot TradingBot.