Yintoni uMthombo oVulekileyo, iiprojekthi, imizekelo yesoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo

Umthombo ovulekileyo yisoftware ehanjiswa phantsi kwelayisensi ethobelana nemigangatho yomthombo ovulelekileyo. Umgaqo wokuvuleleka awubandakanyi kuphela umda wophuhliso lwesoftware. Ngokomzekelo, abaqulunqi banikezela ukufikelela kwiitemplates kunye neefonti zamahhala. Kwamanye amazwe, iiarhente zikarhulumente zifudukela kwisoftware evulelekileyo. EJamani, isixeko saseMunich sagqiba ekubeni sitshintshele kwinkqubo yokusebenza ye-LiMux, eyinguqulelo elungiselelwe Ubuntu. EHamburg, amagosa agqibe kwelokuba asebenzise iofisi yasePhoenix endaweni yeMicrosoft Office. Urhulumente wase-UK utshintshile ekusebenziseni ifomathi yoxwebhu lwePDF waya kwi-ODF. EFransi, i-gendarmerie isebenzisa i-Ubuntu OS kunye ne-LibreOffice yasimahla.

Iimfuno zesoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo

Nazi ezona mfuno ziphambili ekufuneka isicelo esisasazwe phantsi kweLayisenisi yoMthombo oVulekileyo kufuneka sihlangabezane nazo:

• iinkqubo zihanjiswa simahla;
• Isofthiwe iza nekhowudi yomthombo, ukuba ayikho kwiphakheji eyisiseko, ngoko inokukhutshelwa ngokukhululekileyo okanye ifunyenwe ngenye indlela;
• ikhowudi inokuguqulwa kwaye iinxalenye zekhowudi zingasetyenziswa kwezinye iiprojekthi, ngelixa izicelo ezilungisiweyo kufuneka zihanjiswe phantsi kwemiqathango yelayisensi yoMthombo oVulekileyo;
• ucalucalulo lwawo nawaphi na amaqela abantu aluvumelekanga, umzekelo, e-USA kukho izithintelo ekuthunyelweni kweenkqubo, kodwa ilayisenisi yasimahla ayinakuseka eyayo imithintelo;
• ilayisensi yoMthombo oVulekileyo ivumela zonke iindlela zokusebenzisa izicelo, ngoko ke ukukholelwa kwisimilo somphuhlisi akuphazamisi ukusasazwa, umzekelo, izinto ezinje: “akuvumelekanga ukusetyenziselwa uphando lwemfuza” azamkelekanga;
• yonke imigaqo enxulumene neLayisenisi yoMthombo oVulekileyo iyafana kubo bonke abasebenzisi, izivumelwano ezongezelelweyo ezifana nezivumelwano zokungachazi azivumelekanga;
• ilayisenisi ayikwazi ukubotshelelwa kwinkqubo, umphuhlisi osebenzisa inxalenye yekhowudi kuphela unamalungelo anikwe imveliso epheleleyo;
• umsebenzisi unokukhetha oko aya kukusebenzisa, umzekelo, akuvumelekanga ukufuna ukuba isoftwe ebonelelwe ngoMthombo oVulekileyo ivuleleke ngokuyimfuneko.

Iiprojekthi zoMthombo oVulekileyo- yintoni ezona zibalaseleyo

Uninzi lwezicelo ezisasazwe phantsi kweLayisenisi yoMthombo oVulelekileyo zinamahluko alandelayo:

• iinkqubo zibhalwa ngabo bazisebenzisayo, ngoko ke, abaphuhlisi babeka iliso kwikhowudi, balungise ngokukhawuleza iimpazamo kunye nobuthathaka obufunyenweyo;
• uninzi lweemveliso ziyahambelana neenkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza;
• uluntu lwabaphuhlisi boMthombo oVulekileyo luvulelekile kunxibelelwano nabasebenzisi abanokwenza iingcebiso;
• Ngokuqhelekileyo uhlaziyo lwesoftware lwasimahla luphuma rhoqo kunezorhwebo, ngoko ke iibugs zilungiswa ngokukhawuleza;
• abasebenzisi, ukuba bayathanda, banokuxhasa isicelo abasithandayo ngemali;
• umngcipheko wokosulela ikhomputha okanye i-smartphone xa ufaka inkqubo ye-Open Source incinci, kuba beza nekhowudi yomthombo.

Imbali yeSoftware yasimahla

URichard Stallman uthathwa njengomseki wentshukumo yasimahla yesoftware. Ngelixa esebenza kwiLebhu yeArtificial Intelligence kwiMassachusetts Institute of Technology, wayebandakanyeka kuphuhliso lwesoftware yasimahla. Umzekelo, ngokubhala umhleli wombhalo we-EMACS kwiikhompyuter zePDP. Ngowe-1984, uStallman wawushiya umsebenzi wakhe eMIT waza waseka iprojekthi yeGNU. Abathandi bayo bayile igama elithi “isoftware yasimahla” kwaye baphuhlisa i-manifesto ye-GNU. Ngoku makhe sithethe ngezona zidumileyo kuzo.

1. Ilayisensi yeMIT yaphuhliswa kwelinye lamaziko emfundo aphambili eMelika – iMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Iphantse ingqinelane ngokupheleleyo nenguqulelo yesiqendu sesithathu selayisensi ye-BSD, yongeza kuphela igatya elinye elithintela ukusetyenziswa kwegama lombhali kwiintengiso. Ngaphantsi kwayo kwaphuma: XFree86, Expat, PuTTY kunye nezinye iimveliso.
2. Ilayisensi ye-BSD yaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni koo-1980 ukusasaza inkqubo yokusebenza yegama elifanayo. Kukho iindidi ezilandelayo zale layisensi:
   • Ilayisensi yoqobo ye-BSD yilayisenisi yokuqala yoqobo, ikwabizwa ngokuba ligatya lesine.
   • Ilayisenisi ye- BSD elungisiweyo ilayisenisi yamagatya amathathu, ayibandakanyi igatya elinye, elifuna ukukhangisa ukubonisa ukuba esi sicelo sisebenzisa isoftware ephuhliswe kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia.
   • Ilayisensi ye- Intel eyaphuhliswa kwi-patent-ekhuselwe izicelo. Ayixhaswa liNyathelo loMthombo oVulekileyo.
3. Ilayisensi yoLuntu ngokubanzi ye-GNU yeyona layisensi idumileyo. Wabonakala ngo-1988. Kwi-1991, inguqu ephuculweyo ye-GPL v2 ibonakala, engazange ilahlekelwe ukufaneleka kwayo kuze kube namhlanje. Ngo-2006, ilayisensi ye-GPL v2 yamkelwa.
4. ILayisensi kaWonke-wonke eNncinane ye-GNU, okanye i-GNU LGPL ngokufutshane, yadalwa ukuze idibanise amathala eencwadi kunye nesoftware esasazwe phantsi kwezinye iilayisensi.
5. Ilayisensi ye- Apache ikuvumela ukuba uguqule kwaye usasaze kwakhona isoftware kuwo omabini umthombo kunye nokubini. Ukongeza kumalungelo kwimveliso, ugqithiso lwamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza nawo luyanikezelwa.
6. Ubuqhophololo bufana ne-GNU GPL, kodwa yongeza igatya elivumela isoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo ukuba idityaniswe nesoftware engekho simahla, ngoko ke ayinakuthathwa njengecopyleft engqongqo, kodwa iyahambelana neGNU GPL nangona kunjalo.
7. ILayisensi yoLuntu eqhelekileyo yaphuhliswa yi-IBM ukulungiselela uphuhliso lwabo. Ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe ikhowudi kwaye uyisebenzise kwiinkqubo zorhwebo. Eli phepha-mvume lisetyenziswe nguMicrosoft kwiWindows Installer XML.
8. I-Mozilla Public License (MPL) yilayisenisi entsonkothileyo engalandeliyo ikopi engqongqo.
9. ILanga Publi c License iyafana neMPL, kodwa kukho utshintsho oluncinci, olufana neSun Microsystems endaweni yeNetscape.

Kukwakho nezinye iilayisenisi ezingaxhaphakanga kangako njengeNkohliso, iLayisensi yoLuntu eqhelekileyo, iLayisensi yoLuntu yaseMozilla, kunye nezinye. https://youtu.be/oAW5Dh9q3PM

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo

Uphuhliso lweLinux kernel kunye nezicelo ze-GNU zaba sisiseko sezinye izicelo zoMthombo oVulekileyo. Ukufika kwe-Netscape enomdla kwiinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT. Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwenziwa iimveliso ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Masiqale nge-Debian, exhasa iSiseko seSoftware yasimahla ukusuka ngo-1994 ukuya ku-1995, kwaye kamva umbutho ongenzi ngeniso iSoftware kuMdla woLuntu wasekwa ukuze kuqhutyekwe nokuxhasa ngemali le projekthi. Njengenxalenye yale projekthi, ayisiyinkqubo yokusebenza kuphela eyenziweyo, kodwa kunye neofisi ye-LibreOffice, isikhangeli seFirefox, umxhasi we-imeyile we-Evolution, isicelo sokutshisa i-CD ye-K3b, isidlali sevidiyo ye-VCL, umhleli wemifanekiso ye-GIMP, kunye nezinye iimveliso. Inkampani engenzi nzuzo iApache Software Foundation yaqala njengeprojekthi yoMthombo oVulekileyo exhasa isoftware. Imveliso ethandwa kakhulu yalo mbutho ngumncedisi wewebhu wegama elifanayo. Ngoku inkampani igcina inani elikhulu leeprojekthi ezisasazwa phantsi kwelayisensi ye-Apache. Abaxhasi be-ASF baquka iMicrosoft, iAmazon kunye neHuawei. Enye inkampani ebandakanyekayo kwiiprojekthi zoMthombo oVulekileyo yiRed Hat. Uphuhliso oluphambili oluyinkqubo yokusebenza kwi-Linux kernel. Akabandakanyekanga kwisoftware kuphela, kodwa nakwinkxaso yobugcisa kunye noqeqesho lweengcali. Kwi-2018, yafunyanwa yi-IBM. UGoogle ukwaphuhlisa isoftwe yasimahla. Uphuhlisa kwaye agcine ezi projekthi zilandelayo: ithala leencwadi le-TensorFlow lokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokufunda koomatshini, ulwimi lwe-Go, inkqubo ye-Kubernetes eyilelwe ukuzenzekelayo ukuthunyelwa kwesoftware, kunye nezinye iimveliso. Kwisayensi, uMthombo oVulekileyo awubhekiseli kwisoftware kuphela, kodwa nakwindlela yokupapashwa kwemisebenzi, ukuphonononga nokuxhasa izixhobo zemfundo. Ngo-1991, uPaul Ginsparg waququzelela i-arXiv yogcino lwe-elektroniki kwiLebhu yaseLos Alamos, apho umntu anokufumana khona imisebenzi kungekuphela nje kwifiziksi, kodwa nakwiyeza, imathematika kunye nezinye iisayensi. I-CERN nayo ine-portal enamaphepha enzululwazi avulekileyo.
Iisistim zokusebenza zeMthombo oVulekileyo-iinkqubo ezivulelekileyo zokusebenza [/ caption]

Ubandakanyeka njani kwiprojekthi yoMthombo oVulekileyo

Ukuba ufuna ukuziqhelanisa nenkqubo kunye nokwandisa ukuqhubeka kwakho, ke ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwemveliso yoMthombo oVulekileyo yiloo nto kanye oyifunayo. Siza kukuxelela inyathelo ngenyathelo into efunekayo kule nto. Okokuqala, kufuneka ubhalise kwi-GitHub kwaye ukhethe iprojekthi oya kuthatha inxaxheba kuyo. Imele ibe nomdla kuwe. Ewe, ukuba iya kuba nemisebenzi emininzi onokuthi uyenze. Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele ukuthandwa kweprojekthi, inokumiselwa ngenani leenkwenkwezi. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukumisela ukuba uphuhliso olusebenzayo lunjani kwaye utshintsho lokugqibela lwenziwa nini. Emva kokukhetha iprojekthi enomdla, kufuneka ufumane umgcini kwaye usethe intsebenziswano naye. Inyathelo elilandelayo kukukhetha umsebenzi. Ukuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe owona msebenzi olula. Into ephambili kukuba ungayisombulula. Emva koko, tshintshela iprojekthi kuwe kwaye ufake zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko. Emva kokuba uyisombulule ingxaki, yenza iingcebiso zokutshintsha ikhowudi kwindawo yokugcina. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ulayishe ikhowudi yakho kwiGitHub kwaye ucofe iqhosha elithi “Tsala isicelo”. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ufake igama lesicelo sakho kunye nenkcazo. Emva koko, kufuneka ulinde umgcini-mgcini ukuba amkele okanye agatye utshintsho olucetywayo. Ukuba emva kokuba uqalise umsebenzi, kubonakala ezinye izinto ezingxamisekileyo, okanye waqonda ukuba awukwazi ukwenza, ngoko unokuwuyeka umsebenzi. Oku kuqhelekile, kodwa kufuneka uxelele abagcini malunga nesigqibo sakho. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ufake igama lesicelo sakho kunye nenkcazo. Emva koko, kufuneka ulinde umgcini-mgcini ukuba amkele okanye agatye utshintsho olucetywayo. Ukuba emva kokuba uqalise umsebenzi, kubonakala ezinye izinto ezingxamisekileyo, okanye waqonda ukuba awukwazi ukwenza, ngoko unokuwuyeka umsebenzi. Oku kuqhelekile, kodwa kufuneka uxelele abagcini malunga nesigqibo sakho. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ufake igama lesicelo sakho kunye nenkcazo. Emva koko, kufuneka ulinde umgcini-mgcini ukuba amkele okanye agatye utshintsho olucetywayo. Ukuba emva kokuba uqalise umsebenzi, kubonakala ezinye izinto ezingxamisekileyo, okanye waqonda ukuba awukwazi ukwenza, ngoko unokuwuyeka umsebenzi. Oku kuqhelekile, kodwa kufuneka uxelele abagcini malunga nesigqibo sakho.

Ukusebenzisa uMthombo oVulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iirobhothi zokurhweba

Umcebisi wokurhweba okanye
i- robot yinkqubo eyenza ukuthengiselana kwi-stock exchange ngokwe-algorithm echazwe kwangaphambili. Bangakwazi ukurhweba ngokuzimeleyo ngokupheleleyo kunye nakwimo ye-semi-automatic. Kwimeko yesibini, bavele bathumele iimpawu zorhwebo kwaye umthengisi wenza isigqibo sokugqibela. Sidwelisa izibonelelo zokurhweba iirobhothi:

1. Umrhwebi akadingi ukubeka esweni amaxabiso ngokwakhe.
2. Abacebisi beeNgcali basebenza ngokungqongqo ngokwe-algorithm enikiweyo, abanazo iimvakalelo.
3. Iirobhothi zikhawuleza kakhulu kunabantu.

Kodwa ngaphandle kweenzuzo, abacebisi abazenzekelayo nabo baneengxaki:

• kwimeko engaqhelekanga, umzekelo, ngokugxuma okubukhali kwinqanaba, umcebisi unokusabela ngokungafanelekanga, kwaye umrhwebi uya kulahlekelwa yimali;
• Abanye abacebisi abaqeqeshiweyo bafuna ukuba uhlawule umrhumo wenyanga ukuze uwasebenzise.

Okulandelayo, qwalasela abacebisi abaninzi borhwebo boMthombo oVulekileyo. Ziyakwazi ukukhutshelwa kwindawo ye-GitHub, efakwe kwaye isetyenziselwa ukurhweba. Unokuphucula ikhowudi yomthombo kwaye uzenzele irobhothi.

GEKKO bot

Lo nguMcebisi oyiNgcali oqinisekisiweyo owavela kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Abathengisi abaninzi baqala ukurhweba ngale robhothi. Okwangoku ayisaxhaswa ngabadali, kodwa iyafumaneka ngokukhuphela mahala kwiGitHub. Ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintshiselana nge-crypto, inokuqokelela ulwazi lwemarike kunye ne-odolo yendawo. I-GEKKO bot inesetingi ezininzi onokuthi ngazo uvavanye i-algorithm yokurhweba, kunye nokulungelelanisa kunye nokwandisa inkqubo yokwenza izivumelwano. Inesethi yezicwangciso esele zenziwe ezinokuthi zenziwe ngokwezifiso. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukwenza inkqubo yakho yokurhweba. Ixhasa utshintshiselwano lwe-23, kubandakanywa: i-Bitfinex, i-EXMO, i-Bittrex, i-Bitstamp.

Zenbot

Umcebisi weZenbot worhwebo lwe-cryptocurrency usebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukurhweba. Kuyenzeka ukuba wenze ngokweminqweno yakho. Iyahambelana neenkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza. Inokwenza i-high-frequency transactions, ithengise ii-asethi ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Ukongeza, le bot inokufumana imali kwi-cryptocurrency arbitrage. Kodwa ayinayo ujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo. Iyakwazi ukurhweba ngolu tshintsho lulandelayo: Bittrex, Quadria, GDAX, Pollniex kunye neGemini.

OsEngine

I-OsEngine yisuti yezicelo zokurhweba. Ibandakanya:

• Idatha – esetyenziselwa ukulayisha idatha yembali evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.
• I-Optimizer – isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iqhinga elinye.
• Umvavanyi – ukuvavanya ii-algorithms ezininzi zokurhweba, kodwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha iiparamitha. Inokusebenza ngaxeshanye ngamaxesha amaninzi kunye nezixhobo.
• Umvukuzi – ujonga iipateni ezinenzuzo kwitshathi. Iifom ezifunyenweyo zingasetyenziselwa ukurhweba kwangempela.
• Umrhwebi – imodyuli yokurhweba.

I-OsEngine isebenzisa iinkqubo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ezakhiweyo zokurhweba, phakathi kwazo kukho ezihamba phambili (umzekelo, izicwangciso zeBill Williams okanye uJesse Livermore), i-countertrend (umzekelo, ukusebenzisa imigca ye-ballast, i-
Bollinger ) kunye ne-arbitrage. Inokusetyenziswa kwezinye iitshintshiselwano ngamazwe (uqhagamshelwano olukhoyo LMAX, InteractivBrokers kunye norhwebo ninja), kwi
MOEX (Transac,
Quik , Uninzi Ast, Plaza 2, SmartCom) kunye notshintshiselwano cryptocurrency (Bitstamp, Bitfinex, Kraken, LiveCoin, ExMo, Binance, ZB , Bitmex, BitMax). Kwakhona iyahambelana enye Oanda exchange forex. Kukho abanye abacebisi abadumileyo be-Open Source zorhwebo, umzekelo, i-TradingBot, yokuthengisa kwi-Moscow Exchange ngokusebenzisa i-Atentis broker okanye i-robot elula ye-TradingBot.