Ungamkhetha kanjani umthengisi wokuhweba kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali – ukukala 2024

Ngaphambi kokuxhumana ne-brokerage ethile, abatshalizimali abaningi abaqalayo bazama ukufunda ulwazi oluningi mayelana nale ndawo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho umuntu ekwazi ukunqoba konke ukwesaba kwakhe, unquma ukuvula i-akhawunti futhi aqale ukutshala imali. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukwazi ukuthi ubani umthengisi wesitoko nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kungabi nezindleko ezinkulu.

Ubani obizwa nge-broker ohlakeni lokuhweba ezimakethe zamasheya

Ngokusekelwe emithethweni ukushintshanisa okusebenza ngayo, abatshalizimali abanalo ilungelo lokulahla amathuluzi ezezimali ngokwabo. Kufanele kube nomxhumanisi ochwepheshe phakathi kwenhlangano nomtshalizimali. Lona umthengisi. Ukuze uthole izinsiza ezifanelekile zomthengisi, umuntu kufanele afake umbuzo ofanele enjinini yokusesha. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa, kuzovela inqwaba yezinsiza. Isimo somthengisi singatholwa izinhlangano ezithobela umthetho ngokugcwele. Phakathi kwalezi kukhona: izikhungo ezikhethekile zabathengi, izinkampani zamabhange noma izinkampani zokutshala izimali.
Kunamadokhumenti abalulekile angatholwa kuphela ngobhalisi ochwepheshile. Wenza uhlu lwabanikazi abathengisa izibambiso. Zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngesivumelwano esiqinile. https://articles.opexflow.com/brokers/kto-takoj-chem-zanimaetsya-kak-vybrat.htm

Iyini imithwalo yemfanelo yomthengisi wamasheya

Abaqalayo nabangase babe abatshalizimali ngokuvamile abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi umthengisi wenzani. Izibopho zakhe ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

• qinisekisa ukuthi ukuthengiselana phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili kulungile futhi kuyimpumelelo;
• vula i-akhawunti yekhasimende eselisayine isivumelwano;
• ukusiza ukuthengisa noma ukuthenga amadokhumenti abalulekile, imali, njll.;
• yenza ukuthengiselana kwezezimali futhi iqinisekise ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle;
• ulungisa izitatimende zezimali;
• ithuthukisa amasu okuhweba nokutshala izimali;
• inikeza iseluleko kumakhasimende ayo, uma kunesidingo;
• iphathelene nokubalwa kwezintela.

Kungani kubalulekile ukukhetha umthengisi ofanele?

Esigabeni sokuqala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxila ekukhetheni umthengisi ozinzile onokwethenjelwa. Kufanele agxile ekuthuthukiseni iklayenti lakhe futhi alinikeze usizo oludingekayo endleleni. Kodwa, ngeshwa, namuhla izinkampani eziningi ze-stock brokerage zigxile
enzuzweni yazo kuphela . Kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha inhlangano enhle, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ehlala endaweni eqhelile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathuba ancishiswa kakhulu. Ngemva kwalokho angakwazi ukwenza le nqubo ku-inthanethi. Ngemva kokufunda isikhungo ukuze uthole ulwazi kanye nokubuyekezwa kunethiwekhi. Uma ukhetha umthengisi ongafaneleki, amathuba okuthi utshalo-mali ophumelele afinyelele kuqanda.

Amathiphu okukhetha umlamuli wokutshala imali

Uma umsebenzisi engakaze atshale imali ngaphambili, ngeke kube lula kuye ukuthi akhethe umlamuli omuhle. Imuphi umthengisi ongcono kwabaqalayo uzosiza ekunqumeni uhlu lwezinqubo eziyisisekelo.

Ukutholakala kwelayisensi

Imvume esemthethweni yemisebenzi yeBhange Elikhulu iyisidingo esiyimpoqo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi esihwebeni. Ukuhlola ukuthi umthengisi unelayisensi kulula yini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele uye kuseva ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation futhi ubuke ulwazi mayelana nenhlangano. Ama-broker ahlala ehlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze abone ukuthi awephuli yini. Uma lokho kungatholakala, iBhange Elikhulu linelungelo lokuhoxisa ilayisensi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12489″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”721″]
Ilayisense yokuthengisa[/caption]

Ukuthembeka kwenkampani kanye nesithunzi esihlanzekile

Noma yimuphi umthengisi angangena ebhange ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkampani ezisebenze iminyaka eminingi futhi zakwazi ukuthola izibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle. Ukuthi umdayiseli ubaluleke kangakanani kumakhasimende kufakazelwa ukulinganisa kwakhe okuphezulu kwabancintisana nabo. Lesi yisilinganiso sokuzinza nokuthembeka kwayo.

Inani lekhomishini

Ngaphambi kokuxazulula intela eyodwa noma enye, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela izimo zalowo nalowo. Okokuqala nje, kufanelekile ukuqhathanisa inani lemali yekhomishini. Kubalulekile ukunaka ubukhulu bekhomishini
yokusevisa i-
akhawunti ye-brokerage , ukuthengiselana kwezezimali ekushintsheni, izimali zomsebenzi we-depository, izimali zokuthengiselana okuqediwe, njll. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_1862″ align=”aligncenter” width=”1551″]
Ibonisa ikhomishana yokushintshisana evela emsebenzini osembikweni womthengisi ku-Tinkoff[/caption]

Inzuzo yezimakethe

Kuyadingeka ukunquma ngendaba yokuthengisa nokuthenga, ukucacisa nomthengisi ukuthi yiziphi izisetshenziswa zezimali anganikeza. Kukhona abaxhumanisi abagunyazwe ukunikeza amakhasimende abo ukufinyelela ezimakethe zokuhwebelana kwamanye amadolobha. Futhi abanye abathengisi abanalo ithuba elinjalo, ngakho ukubambisana nabo ngeke kulethe imali eningi. Kufanele uzikhethele izinkampani ezimbalwa ezithembisayo, futhi ubeke kuqala leyo enganikeza izimo ezinhle kakhulu.

Insiza elula nokutholakala kohlelo lokusebenza

Kuyoba intofontofo kakhulu kumtshali-zimali ukuthi aqhube ibhizinisi esizeni esinomsebenzi olula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhwebelana kufanele kufake amathuba amaningi:

• ube netheminali yokuhweba ;
• uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone yamahhala (ngedemo noma ngaphandle kwayo);
• ukugcwaliswa kwebhalansi kanye nokuhoxiswa kwezimali kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezahlukene zokukhokha;
• ukwenza izinkokhelo ngezabelo zezabelo noma amakhuphoni;
• ukuba khona kwephothifoliyo yedemo, lapho umtshali-zimali ongenalwazi angazihlola ngokusebenza ngaphandle kwezingozi nanoma yiziphi izindleko;
• iseluleko esivela kusevisi yosekelo lwezobuchwepheshe 24/7.

Ithuba lokufunda

Abathengi abalungile bahlinzeka amakhasimende abo ngezinto zokufunda zamahhala. Ezinye izinkampani zinikeza izifundo, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngesisekelo esikhokhelwayo. Lesi isisekelo esihle sabaqalayo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12623″ align=”aligncenter” width=”618″] Ungambheka
kanjani umthengisi – ithini imibandela yokuhlola izinkampani zabathengi[/caption]

Umthengisi wangempela noma umkhohlisi: ungabheka kanjani?

Ukutshala imali, njenganoma yimuphi umsebenzi othola umfutho ekuthuthukisweni, kugcwele inani elikhulu lamaqili. Amanye amasayithi omkhonyovu acishe afane nabadayisi abaziwayo. Ukuze ungawi ngenxa ye-bait, kufanelekile ukulalela amathiphu ambalwa.

Izikhangiso ecasulayo kanye izingcingo njalo

Umkhohlisi angabiza abantu, azenze isisebenzi sesikhungo sokutshala izimali. Uzobuza imibuzo eminingi, ebeka izinkonzo zakhe. Izigebengu zithembisa imali engenayo ekhangayo, zikhuluma ngokuhweba esitokisini, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ofake imali uzokwazi ukuthola cishe u-50% yenani lemali engenayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhohlisi uzothi awudingi ukwenza lutho ngokwakho, kufanele nje uthembele “ochwepheshe” futhi udlulisele inani elithile ku-akhawunti yakhe. Banele abantu abakhohliseka kalula, ngakho abaningi balahlekelwa imali yabo ngokuvuma imigomo yomeluleki mbumbulu.

Isiqinisekiso semali engenayo ephezulu

Izigebengu ngeke zikhulume ngemiphumela eyingozi engase ibe khona kanye nezingozi. Bona, ngokuphambene nalokho, baqinisekisa izinzuzo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqamba izibalo ezinhle kakhulu. Kusukela ezinqabeni ezinjalo emoyeni, abangaba izisulu zokukhwabanisa baqala ukuzizwa benesiyezi. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nabantu abafundile nabahlakaniphile bawela ngamaqhinga okuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kungaletha izabelo eziyi-100%.

Ukuba khona kwengcindezi ecacile yengqondo

Ukungena ekwethembeni kuyisihluthulelo esiyinhloko sempumelelo yomkhohlisi. Uzichaza njengochwepheshe, uthi usebenzela inkampani eyaziwayo, ufunda izibalo zezibalo ezingekho. Khona-ke uqala ukufaka ingcindezi ngokukhululekile futhi akhohlise umuntu. Angasho nokuthi lokhu okunikezwayo kunomkhawulo futhi kutholakala kuphela kuleli klayenti, kodwa udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo manje. Yiqiniso, abaningi bayesaba ukuphuthelwa ithuba enchanting futhi bavumelana nezimo charlatan ngaphandle kokubheka.

Isicelo sokudlulisa izimali ku-akhawunti

Lolu hlobo lokudlulisa imali aluhlali luwukukhwabanisa. Kunamacala ahlukile. Kodwa, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izigebengu ngeke zisebenzise izinsiza zokukhokha ezisemthethweni. Abantu abanjalo, ngokuvamile, bacelwa ukuba benze ukudluliselwa kwezimali ekhadini, noma isikhwama se-electronic. Uma kungekho lwazi oluthembekile mayelana nale nhlangano futhi umuntu akaqiniseki ngokwethembeka kwayo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukulahla umbono futhi ungathumeli imali kubantu ongabazi.
Izingosi zama-clone mbumbulu Kunezinsiza eziwumgunyathi ezifana namaconsi angu-2 afana nezangempela ezaziwayo. Izigebengu zithuthukisa ngokukhethekile amawebhusayithi, zikopisha ukuklama kwezinkampani ezidumile esezibonakalise kakade ohlangothini oluhle kakhulu. Phela amaklayenti ayawathemba, okusho ukuthi ngeke angabaze ngesinqumo sokuthemba lo mthengisi. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela indawo ohlose ukubambisana nayo.

Alukho uxhumano oluvikelekile kuseva

Abakhwabanisi ngokuvamile abazihluphi ngokuthenga isitifiketi se-SSL. Idokhumenti yedijithali eyenza ukuxhumana okuphephile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlole isignesha yombhalo onjalo, kufanele uchofoze i-padlock phezulu, eduze kwesixhumanisi. Uma lungekho ulwazi lokuthi uxhumo luvikelekile, leli yiqhinga. Wonke umuntu osebenzayo uqinisekisa ngokusemthethweni uxhumano lweseva oluvikelekile.

Umlamuli akanayo ilayisensi yokusebenza

Uma ingekho ilayisensi, lokhu kuyi-priori, inhlangano engekho emthethweni engenalo ilungelo lokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yayo. IBhange Elikhulu ngeke linikeze imvume kumkhwabanisi. Uma lo mbhalo utholakala, kufanele uhlole ukuthi ungowangempela yini. Isivumelwano kufanele sifake inombolo ye-akhawunti. Okufanayo kufanele kukhonjiswe kuphrofayela. Udinga futhi ukubheka izilinganiso neminye imininingwane.

Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi umthengisi usebenza ngokwethembeka

Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo eziningi zokukhwabanisa zivela nsuku zonke, umbuzo uphakama: yimuphi umthengisi ongakhetha ukuhweba emakethe yamasheya? Udinga nje ukusebenzisa zonke izixwayiso ezichazwe ngenhla. Uma umile endaweni ethile, kufanele uhlole zonke izinombolo nemininingwane, amagama, ukuba khona kwenkampani kurejista yeBhange Elikhulu leRussian Federation. Kubalulekile ukucacisa imininingwane yelayisensi, ikheli elisemthethweni lenhlangano kanye nomdlalo wayo esizeni. Uma konke kulungile, khona-ke umthengisi ungokoqobo. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11940″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”624″]
Isilinganiso sabathengi ngenombolo yamakhasimende[/caption]

Uzibuyisela kanjani izinanyathiselwa ngemva kokudlulisa

Uma umthengisi ekhohlise iklayenti, futhi angakufakazela lokho, kufanele uzame ukubekela inselele umsebenzi wokukhokha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka isicelo ku-Central Bank. Kubalulekile ukuthi ube nekhophi yesivumelwano, isitatimende sasebhange, izithombe zokuxhumana noma izingcingo.

Izilinganiso zabathengi abahamba phambili 2022 ngamanani, amakhomishini, izimo, izinhlinzeko

Ukuze ungaweli kumanethiwekhi abakhohlisi, kunconywa ukuthi unake abathengisi abahamba phambili bango-2022. Lolu hlu lwezinkampani ezisohlwini lwakhiwe ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kukonke kwenhlangano ngayinye kanye nempendulo abasebenzisi abayishiyile. Ulwazi olulandelayo lwawela kumibandela yokuhlola: isikhathi somsebenzi, ilayisensi, izilinganiso ezinsizeni ezihlukahlukene ezisemthethweni, izimo zokusebenza, ukwethembeka, ukuphawula kwamakhasimende, nokunye. Abathengi abathembeke kakhulu be-TOP-5 2021 bethulwe:

1. Finam

Isizinda esisemthethweni: https://www.finam.ru

• Enye yamaphrojekthi adume kakhulu ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokutshala imali emhlabeni jikelele;
• Unyaka wesisekelo – 1994;
• Inamagatsha awo emadolobheni angama-90 emhlabeni;
• Kukhona abasebenzisi ezifundazweni ezingu-40;
• Imali yemakethe: 468 billion ruble (isitoko); ngaphezulu kwama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili (okuphuthumayo); Ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-409 (imali).
• Inani lemali yekhomishini lihlukile, kuye ngenani elikhethiwe;
• Imali ingakhishwa ngama-ruble;
• Ukuhoxiswa kwenye imali kuhilela ikhomishini – 0.07%;
• Kukhona inguqulo yedemo esebenza mahhala ukuze ibuyekezwe;
• Kukhona uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone.

2. XM

Isizinda esisemthethweni: https://www.xm.com

• Umthengisi owaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele;
• Inezinkundla zokuhweba ezijwayelekile eziyi-16;
• Cishe abatshalizimali abayizigidi ezi-2.5 abavela ezifundazweni ezingama-200;
• I-akhawunti yedemo iyatholakala;
• I-interface isebenza ngezilimi ezingu-23;
• Kukhona abaphathi be-akhawunti ngabanye.

3. I-Broker evula

Okusemthethweni: https://open-broker.ru

• Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 yesipiliyoni emakethe yezezimali;
• 4 izinhlelo zentela enenzuzo;
• Ikhono lokuvula i-akhawunti ngaphandle kokutshala izimali kanye namakhomishana, ngemizuzu engu-5-10;
• Kuzokwazi ukuvula ama-akhawunti amancane amaningana;
• Imbuyiselo yemali ngokwenziwe ngakunye kufika ku-50%;
• Izindlela ezahlukene zokuthengiselana kwezezimali;
• Uhlelo lokwethembeka luyatholakala;
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza;
• Ukubonisana 24/7.

4. Tinkoff Investments

Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://www.tinkoff.ru/invest/

• Yaziwa njengenkampani yokutshalwa kwezimali ehamba phambili emhlabeni;
• Ikhono lokuvula i-akhawunti ku-inthanethi ngemizuzu emi-5;
• Ukuthengwa kwemali kusuka ku-1 dollar noma i-euro;
• Ukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe ubusuku nemini;
• Ukuhoxiswa okusheshayo ekhadini ngaphandle kwamakhomishini, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwemali;
• Ikhomishini ikhokhiswa kuphela imisebenzi;
• Uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula luyatholakala.

5. Ama-Interactive Brokers

Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://interactivebrokers.co.uk/ru

• Ukuthengiselana ngemali engama-23;
• Amalayisense avela emigwaqweni eminingi yokulawula yamazwe ngamazwe;
• Ikhomishini yomthengisi ephansi, kuye ngemibandela yentela;
• Ngo-2020, inhlangano yaqashelwa njengomthengisi we-inthanethi ongcono kakhulu wamazwe ngamazwe;
• Kunamahhovisi abamele emazweni ahlukene omhlaba;
• Yabelana ngemali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9 zamaRandi;
• Okuyimfihlo, umndeni, impesheni kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-akhawunti angavulwa.

Indlela yokuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage yomuntu oqalayo

Lapho sekucaca ukuthi iyiphi i-broker engcono ukuhwebelana ngayo ku-stock exchange, ungakwazi ukuphetha ngokuphepha isivumelwano futhi uvule i-akhawunti. Akukho okumele ukhathazeke ngakho lapha, udinga nje ukunaka kakhulu izenzo zakho. Iningi lamafemu omthengisi avula i-akhawunti mahhala. Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukwenza idiphozi. Inani elincane elijwayelekile lokutshala imali lingama-ruble ayi-1,000. Kungaba ngaphezulu, kuye ngezimo zenkampani ekhethiwe. Ngemva kokugcwalisa i-akhawunti ngokwakho, ungaqala ukutshala izimali ngokushesha. Ungamkhetha kanjani umthengisi ngo-2022 – ukuthi ungayivula kuphi i-akhawunti yomuntu oqalayo ukuhweba emakethe yamasheya, ukuqhathaniswa kwabathengi eRussian Federation: https://youtu.be/YKEFzL2FgQ8

Uwadlulisela kanjani amasheya usuka komunye umthengisi uye komunye

Ngemva kokutshala imali isikhathi esithile, umuntu uthola isipiliyoni futhi useyakwazi ukufunda ngokuzimela ukushintshana okufanayo. Kulokhu, cishe uzofuna ukushintsha abadayisi uma ethola enye indlela engcono. Umlamuli angashintshwa ngempela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, akudingekile ukuhoxisa imali futhi uthengise imibhalo ebalulekile. Kwanele ukwenza izitatimende zomthengisi wamanje kanye nalowo umsebenzisi ahlela ukubambisana naye. Kuzodingeka futhi ukhokhele isevisi yokudlulisa impahla.

Okufanele ukwenze uma ilayisensi yomthengisi ihoxisiwe

Umdayisi uzolahlekelwa ilayisensi uma:

• ukuqothuka kwakhe;
• uma ibhange lakhe lishiywe ngaphandle kwelayisensi;
• umthengisi ubengasebenzi iminyaka eyi-1.5.

Imvume yokusebenza ingahoxiswa unomphela noma okwesikhashana. Esimeni sesibili, umlamuli unethuba lokulungisa amaphutha futhi aqale kabusha umsebenzi.

Umthengisi kanye ne-depository evela ezinkampanini ezahlukene

Uma lezi kuyizinhlangano ezisemthethweni ezihlukene, khona-ke ukuqothuka kwenkampani yomthengisi akuthinti izimpahla zeklayenti. Izibambiso nokonga kwezezimali kuzophepha. Udinga kuphela ukuvula i-akhawunti yomthengisi nomunye umlamuli, futhi udlulisele izimpahla endaweni yokugcina imali.

Umsebenzi we-broker kanye ne-depository enkampanini yokubopha

Kulokhu, izinto ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lapha umdayisi kanye nendawo yokugcina imali kuyibhizinisi elilodwa elisemthethweni. Maningi amathuba okuthi umtshali-zimali alahlekelwe yimpahla. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakwenzeka ukwenza kokubili umsebenzi we-depository kanye ne-brokerage ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kumane kuwubugebengu. Nokho, izinhlangano ezinjalo zikhona. Khona-ke umsebenzisi ngeke akwazi ukwenza lutho, kuzodingeka abekezelele ukulahlekelwa. Ngaphambi kokujaha ukukhetha umthengisi, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ucabange kahle ngokuthi umsebenzisi wenzeni. Ngemva kokuchaza inhloso ethile (noma kunalokho ezimbalwa), kufanelekile ukutadisha ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nomxhumanisi okhethiwe. Uma kungekho layisensi, kusho ukuthi incazelo yokubambisana iyanyamalala ngokwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngezinhlelo ze-tariff futhi unqume ngenzuzo enkulu (kubalulekile ukunaka inani lekhomishana). Kwabaqalayo, kuhle ukukhetha isayithi,