Uhlalutyo olusisiseko kwimarike yemasheya – iziseko zethiyori kunye nokusebenza

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko lwemarike yemasheya – iziseko, izalathi, izixhobo, iindlela zohlalutyo olusisiseko lwezabelo zenkampani, izibambiso, iimarike zemali Uhlalutyo olusisiseko – uhlalutyo olusisiseko, eli gama libhekisa kwindlela yokwenza uqikelelo lwentengiso (utshintshiselwano) ixabiso eliqikelelweyo leenkampani. , esekelwe kuhlalutyo lwezalathi zayo. Olu hlobo lokuhlalutya lusetyenziswa ngabahwebi ukwenzela ukuba bavavanye ngokunyanisekileyo amandla oshishino (kubandakanywa nexabiso lezabelo zalo). Ngenxa yohlalutyo, umrhwebi unokuvavanya amandla emali yenkampani, njengale:

• ingeniso iyonke yenkampani;
• ingeniso efunyenwe yinkampani;
• ixabiso elipheleleyo le-net yenkampani;
• amatyala enkampani, debit kunye netyala letyala;
• isixa semali ehamba ngenkampani;
• isixa sezabelo ezihlawulwe yinkampani;
• izalathisi zentsebenzo yenkampani.

Oku kukuvumela ukuba uvavanye ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba lenzuzo kunye nophuhliso lwamathuba.
Umzekelo:
Ngokomzekelo, qwalasela ukuthengwa kwezixhobo zendlu ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana nomabonakude. Omnye wabathengi uya kuthenga ngokulula isixhobo sokuqala esilunge ngakumbi okanye esingaphantsi ngokwexabiso kunye noyilo.
Omnye uya kuqwalasela ngokucophelela ukhetho oluninzi ngaphambi kokuthenga. Uya kukhetha eyona modeli ifanelekileyo kwaye inokuthenjwa, funda uphononongo lwabathengi, thelekisa iinkcukacha zobugcisa, kwaye kuphela emva kophononongo olubanzi uya kuqalisa ukuthelekisa amaxabiso kwaye ajonge eyona nto iluncedo kwixabiso kunye nomgangatho. Ukhetho olunjalo ngokweeparameters luya kuba luhlalutyo olusisiseko ngaphambi kokuthenga iTV .

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko kwiimarike zemali-isebenza njani

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko lwemarike lusekwe ikakhulu kwinto yokuba ixabiso lokwenyani lee-asethi zenkampani linokwahluka kakhulu kwixabiso lemarike.

Kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukuba iimarike zisenokungaxabiseki-ixabiso elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwexabiso lee-asethi zeenkampani kwixesha elifutshane. Abaxhasi bohlalutyo olusisiseko baqinisekile ukuba, nangona ukuhlolwa okungalunganga kwexabiso le-asethi, lihlala libuyela kwixabiso elichanekileyo (injongo).
Umzekelo:
Ngokomzekelo, qwalasela ukusebenza kwesitoko seTesla. Ngaphandle kokubalulekileyo, kwixesha elifutshane, kunye nokuhla okuqikelelwayo kwixabiso lesabelo elihambelana nokugxilwa kolwazi kunye nokunqongophala kwe-microchips.
Kwixesha elide, izibambiso zayo azigcini nje ukubuyisela ixabiso labo eliphezulu, kodwa libonisa ukukhula okuzinzileyo, kwaye inkampani isoloko ikwandisa inqanaba layo lemali.Ngoko ke, eyona njongo iphambili yokusebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko kukumisela ixabiso lokwenyani le-asethi kwaye lithelekiswe nexabiso lemarike langoku. Ukuthelekisa okunjalo kwenza umrhwebi ukuba aqikelele ngokuzithemba utshintsho kwixabiso le-asethi kwaye ngaloo ndlela avule amathuba emali. Uhlalutyo olunjalo alunamsebenzi wotyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane, nangona kunjalo, notyalo-mali lwexesha elide, luya kukuvumela ukuba uqikelele ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi indlela yokuziphatha kwe-asethi kwimarike.

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko kunye nobugcisa – umahluko ophambili

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kohlalutyo olumangalisayo kunye nobugcisa ziiparamitha ezihlalutywayo. Ke ukuba uhlalutyo olusisiseko luqwalasela, okokuqala, imeko yangaphakathi ye-asethi kwaye ayithathi ngqalelo imeko yexabiso langoku le-asethi kwimarike. Olo hlalutyo lobugcisa, ngokuchaseneyo, luqwalasela kwaye luhlalutya nje ixabiso lexabiso langoku, elikuvumela ukuba uyisebenzise ngempumelelo enkulu xa ucwangcisa utyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane.

Ukuphikisana malunga “nokuba yintoni engcono” uhlalutyo olusisiseko okanye lobugcisa alunangqiqo. Ngamnye wabo usetyenziselwa ukugqiba imigaqo yayo, kwaye ukuba uhlalutyo olusisiseko alunamsebenzi wotyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane kwaye lunceda kakhulu notyalo-mali lwexesha elide, ngoko uhlalutyo lobugcisa luchasene.

Olo hlalutyo lobugcisa lwenzelwe nje ukusebenza notyalo-mali lwexesha elifutshane.

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko: iinjongo kunye neenjongo

Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo uhlalutyo lokubikezela kwintsimi yotyalo-mali, kuyimfuneko, okokuqala, ukugqiba iinjongo kunye neenjongo ezibekwe ngexesha lokuhlalutya. Injongo yolu hlalutyo kukulungiselela umtyali-mali ukuba atshintshe kunokwenzeka kwixabiso le-asethi. Ukuqonda isizathu-kunye-nomphumo wobudlelwane obangela ukuguquguquka kwexabiso, kwaye izizathu ezinjalo zihlala zingaphandle. Imisitho enjalo ibandakanya:

• ezezopolitiko, ezentlalo nezoqoqosho;
• uluvo lwemarike jikelele, amathuba ophuhliso loqoqosho ngokunxulumene nelizwe elithile;
• iintlekele zendalo kunye nezenziwe ngabantu, iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zokusingqongileyo, ukwenzeka kwazo okubangele umonakalo omkhulu wezoqoqosho;
• ukungazinzi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle (iingxwabangxwaba zasekuhlaleni, uvukelo-mbuso, uvukelo-mbuso, ubhukuqo-mbuso, iimfazwe zangaphandle nezangaphakathi kurhulumente nakwilizwe jikelele);
• iziganeko zezopolitiko zangaphakathi (unyulo lwepalamente kunye nomongameli, iireferendam, utshintsho lwabaphathi abaphezulu, njl.);
• ukubhengezwa (upapasho) lwezalathi zoqoqosho zamazwe afanelekileyo okanye amashishini.

Iindlela ezisetyenziswa kuhlalutyo olusisiseko

Xa kusenziwa uhlalutyo olusisiseko, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa:

Indlela yokuthelekisa kuHlahlelo oluSisiseko lweeMarike zezeMali

Le ndlela isekelwe kuthelekiso lwezalathi zoqoqosho ezipapashiweyo kwaye zilindeleke. Ukomelela ukuhlukana phakathi kwezi zalathisi, ubundlobongela obungakumbi bokusabela kwabadlali kwi-stock exchange kuya kuba. Kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, oku kunokukhokelela ekuvalweni okukhulu okanye ukuvulwa kwentengiselwano kwezona ndlela zinengeniso, ezilandela ngokucacileyo kulo mahluko.

Uhlalutyo lwexesha

Umba wokuguquguquka kwamaxesha onyaka kwimarike yemasheya uchaphazela ii-asethi ezikuyo. Ngoko kwimeko yezabelo, ayizizo kuphela iingxelo zekota zemali kunye nezoqoqosho zenkampani ezibalulekileyo, kodwa kunye nenani lezabelo ezithengiswe kwimarike ngexesha lonyaka okanye ngaphandle kwexesha lonyaka. Iinkampani ezisebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho zifumana iingeniso ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Oku, ngokufanelekileyo, akunakuchaphazela iintlawulo zesahlulo,
ukuguquguqukakunye nokungabinamali kwezabelo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuthelekiswa kwezibonakaliso zokuthengisa ngeenkampani ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa kuphela ngezibonakaliso zekota yangaphambili, kodwa kunye nezibonakaliso zekota efanayo yonyaka odlulileyo. Uhlalutyo olufanayo lwenziwa zii-arhente zelizwe kwizalathi zoqoqosho olukhulu lwelizwe. Ukongezelela, ukusebenzisana nezalathi ze-macroeconomic, iindlela “zokuphelisa ixesha lonyaka” zisetyenziselwa, ngoncedo lwabo, idatha iyalungiswa. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba zahluke njani kwisiqhelo kule kota, inyanga, unyaka. Ukongeza, kukho amaxesha ahlukeneyo kutshintshiselwano apho kudla ngokuvalwa ngobuninzi bezikhundla ezithile ngabatyali-zimali (amaxesha anjalo abandakanya ubusuku obungaphambi kweeholide zeKrisimesi). Amaxesha anjalo athathelwa ingqalelo xa kuhlalutywa iimarike zemasheya. Enyanisweni, kwimarike ephantsi, ukuvalwa okunjalo kunokukhokelela ekutshintsheni okubukhali kakhulu kwii-securities quotes. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uhlalutyo lwexesha lodwa alwanelanga ukwenza isigqibo sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa impahla, kodwa yinto eyimfuneko xa kuqhutywa uphando olusisiseko jikelele. Le ndlela isetyenziswa xa kuhlalutywa kungekuphela nje i-stock market. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi xa kusenziwa izigqibo ekuthengeni nasekuthengisweni kwee-asethi kutshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, imveliso kunye nezinye iimarike.
Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngemeko apho imvula eyanetha ixesha elide ngequbuliso. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni kwenxalenye yesityalo kumasimi womqhaphu, nto leyo eya kunciphisa isixa sempahla ekhoyo ize ikhokhelele ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso ayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokulandelela ixesha lonyaka kunye nokuqhuba uhlalutyo, kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela utshintsho olubukhali kumaxabiso exesha elizayo lekotoni.

Iindlela zokunciphisa kunye ne-inductive zokuhlalutya

Ukusebenzisa i-induction, umtyalo-mali uqhuba izibonakaliso zezibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neendaba, kwaye kwisiseko sabo sakha iingcamango malunga nokutshintsha kwexabiso elinokwenzeka kwiimarike. Unciphiso lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kurhwebo lwesiqhelo kwaye ludla ngokubandakanywa kuhlalutyo olusisiseko lwesitokhwe. Undoqo wale ndlela kukwakha izigqibo – ukusuka jikelele ukuya ngokukodwa. Le yindlela enzima kakhulu enokunika iziphumo eziphosakeleyo ngenxa yokuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo komntu owenze uhlalutyo kwizigqibo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuncitshiswa kunokuba luncedo kwiimeko apho, ngokomzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuba wenze ntoni nge-EURUSD kwimeko yokunyuka kokunyuka kweemarike zaseYurophu.

Indlela yokunxibelelana

Le ndlela yobugcisa yindibaniselwano eyenziwe ekudibaneni kohlalutyo lobugcisa kunye nolusisiseko. Undoqo wayo ulele kwinto yokuba, ngokukhula kwenye yee-asethi, ixabiso lenye i-asethi enxulumene nayo (okanye i-asethi enxulumene nayo) inokunyusa okanye yehle. Namhlanje, utshintshiselwano lusebenzisa izikhombisi ezihambelanayo kwi-akhawunti yokulungelelanisa, njenge-Indcor-Correlation okanye i-OverLay Chart.

Ukwahlula ngokwamaqela kunye nobuchule bokwenza ngokubanzi

Obu buchule bobobuchule obuntsonkothileyo, benqanaba lobuchwephesha kwaye busetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabahlalutyi. Ibandakanya ukudiliza ii-asethi zibe ngamaqela ngokuhambelana “nokuziphatha” kwabo kwimarike, kwaye emva koko isalathisi ngokubanzi sibalwa kubo. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iimarike ngabadlali abakhulu kunye neenkampani zokuhlalutya, kodwa abatyali-mali abanamava banokwenza isalathisi sabo se-macroeconomic. Ezo zalathi, umzekelo, ziquka i-Dow Jones index, ehlanganiswe ngesiseko sohlalutyo olusisiseko kwiinkampani ezinkulu ze-30 ezichazwe njenge “blue chips”. Uhlalutyo lwentengiso olusisiseko (izabelo zenkampani, iimali, imali ye-crypto): yintoni, iziseko, iziphindaphindi, iintlobo kunye neendlela zokuhlalutya: https://youtu.be/fa1xkn7OfZY

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko – inkqubo kunye nesakhiwo

Umrhwebi, ethatha isigqibo sokutyala imali, kufuneka kuqala aphendule inani lemibuzo:

• ngempahla aceba ukurhweba ngayo;
• zeziphi iimali ezibandakanyiweyo kwibini (ukuba uceba ukusebenza kwiimarike zemali);
• zeziphi iinkampani ezibandakanyiweyo kwisalathiso se-securities index (xa ucwangcisa imisebenzi kwiimarike zemasheya);
• ixesha elicwangcisiweyo lokuqukunjelwa kwentengiselwano?

Emva koko kufuneka afumane ulwazi (iindaba). Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa uTyalo-mali, i-TASS, i-Dow Jones, i-Bloomberg, i-CNN, i-RBC, okanye nayiphi na enye ishaneli yeendaba zezoqoqosho ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwimeko nganye. Okuza kubonelela ngeyona mali ikhululekile kwaye ithembekileyo yedatha yokusebenza kwiintengiselwano ezicwangcisiweyo.
Emva kokufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko, umtyali-mali ufikelela kwizigqibo malunga nemeko yoshishino okanye icandelo lemarike apho aya kutyalomali, kwaye “uhlolisise” imvelaphi ejikeleze i-asethi efunekayo. Emva koko, ixesha likhethiweyo, elithe, ngokwezibalo zomtyalo-mali, lifanelekileyo kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokurhweba, ixesha elibekiweyo libekwe. Kwaye emva koko, umtyalo-mali kufuneka ajike kwikhalenda yezoqoqosho. Ikhalenda yezoqoqosho sesinye sezixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo olusisiseko, apho unokufumana lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nelizwe apho ii-asethi ezinomdla kumtyalo-mali zikhoyo, kwaye ngokweshedyuli yokukhupha iindaba, uyayiqonda yonke into. umfanekiso wendawo yee-asethi kwimarike.

Amanqanaba ohlalutyo olusisiseko

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko lunokwahlulwa lube ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo:

Uhlalutyo lwemeko yezoqoqosho

Uhlalutyo olunjalo ludla ngokuqala ngokuqonda imeko ngokubanzi kwiimarike. Umzekelo, thatha i-EUR/USD currency pair. Kuhlala kukho iindaba ezininzi kwiimarike zemali yaseYurophu naseMelika kuwo onke amaqonga olwazi. Kwaye ukugcina ukuguquguquka okunamandla kwiimbini zemali kunye nezitokhwe kwezi marike akunzima. Ngaphezu koko, isibini esinjalo sifanelekile phantse zonke izitayela zokurhweba, kuquka
i-swing kunye ne
– scalping .. Ukuba umrhwebi unquma ukuvula isivumelwano kwi-EUR / USD, ngoko, okokuqala, kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo kwizigqibo kwinkalo yomgaqo-mali wemali eyenziwa yi-Fed kunye ne-ECB. Amabhunga olawulo ale mibutho yomibini adibana rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-6. Kwiintlanganiso ezinjalo, bathatha isigqibo malunga notshintsho kwimilinganiselo yenzala kwaye benze izigwebo zabo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zigqibo, kunye nokuthelekisa kunye nezidlulileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze izigqibo ezithile kwaye uphuhlise izibikezelo zokuhlalutya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezidla ngokuba ngabahlalutyi beengcali.

Uhlalutyo lweenkampani kunye namacandelo ngamanye oqoqosho

Eli nqanaba lohlalutyo olusisiseko lwe-stock market lubandakanya ukufundwa kwemisebenzi yeenkampani ezikhethwe ngumtyalo-mali. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uqale ukubeka esweni iindaba zenkampani kunye neziganeko kwishishini apho inkampani iqhuba ishishini layo eliphambili.

Ukuhlalutya i-market securities market, okokuqala, i-indices isetyenziswa, njenge-Industrial Average,
S & P500 , Dow Jones, Nikkei225 kunye nabanye. Ezi indices zenziwe ngesiseko semisebenzi yeenkampani ezinkulu kunye nezizinzileyo ezisebenza kwindawo ethile.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukwenzela ukuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kucaciswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yeyiphi na amashishini alawulayo ngoku kwiimarike, kuyafuneka ukuba kubekwe iliso kwaye kuhlalutywe utshintsho lwamaxabiso e-indices ngokwawo. Ngaphambi kokuqala imisebenzi yokurhweba, umrhwebi kufuneka ahlolisise ikhalenda yesahlulo, kulula ukumisela ukuqala kunye nokuphela kwexesha lokunika ingxelo yenkampani. Ikhalenda yesahlulo ikwapapasha isixa esikhulu sedatha echaphazela ixabiso le-asethi kunye nesicatshulwa se-indices.

Uhlalutyo lwexabiso lezabelo kunye nezinye izibambiso

Lo mbandela wohlalutyo olusisiseko lwe-stock market luqwalasela ukusebenza kwemali yenkampani, kubandakanywa ukukhula (ukuncipha) kwingeniso epheleleyo kunye nokusebenza, njl. Ukuba ixesha elide, nangona iimeko zangaphandle, kukho ukuthambekela kokukhula okuzinzile kwe-capitalisation, ngoko oku kuthetha ukuzinza okuphezulu kunye nenzuzo yezabelo zenkampani kwixesha elide. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwixesha elifutshane (usuku, iveki, inyanga), ixabiso lezabelo zenkampani linokuhla linyuka linyuke liphinde lihle.

Imithombo ephambili yedatha yohlalutyo olusisiseko

Ukwenza uhlalutyo olusisiseko, abatyali-zimali kunye nabahlalutyi bezemali bahlala besebenzisa imithombo yedatha efana nale:

Iindaba kunye nohlalutyo lwemali

Okokuqala, abatyali-mali kufuneka bathathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi iminyhadala kwaye yeyiphi imarike abaza kuyilandela. Ngoko kwimarike yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, naziphi na iindaba ezibalulekileyo ezivela eUnited States ziya kuchaphazela idola, ngoko ke izinga lotshintshiselwano phantse zonke iimali. Ngendlela efanayo, iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ebomini benkampani yeTesla ziyakuchaphazela ukucaphuna kwezabelo kunye nezinye izibambiso kwi-stock market. Oku kufana ne-stock indices, ngoko ngaphambi kokuba uqalise uhlalutyo olusisiseko, umtyalo-mali kufuneka achaze ngokucacileyo ukuba yeyiphi icandelo leemarike afuna ukutshala imali. Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukufunda ngokuthe ngqo ulwazi olunxulumene necandelo elithile elikhethwe nguye.

Amaxabiso eeBhanki eziMbindi zamazwe

Xa uqhuba uhlalutyo olusisiseko, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuba kugxininiswe kwiibhulethi zeBhanki eziPhakathi zamazwe, ngakumbi i-ECB kunye ne-FRS kwinkalo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nenzala kwimali-mboleko. Iimarike zisabela ngokuguquguqukayo phantse kulo naluphi na utshintsho olulindelekileyo, kwaye ulwazi malunga notshintsho kwimilinganiselo yenzala okanye umgaqo-nkqubo wemali unokuba nempembelelo enamandla kakhulu kubume bemarike. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwi-Fed (i-Federal Reserve System), elawula imali yokugcina imali kwaye naziphi na izigqibo zayo azibonakali kuphela kwiimarike zase-US, kodwa phantse kuzo zonke ezinye iimarike.

Iibhanki eziphambili zamazwe ahamba phambili ehlabathi: I

-Dynamics yotshintsho kwizinga langoku leBhanki eyiNtloko yeRussian Federation ngeli xesha langoku.

Ikhalenda yezoqoqosho

Omnye weyona mithombo ibalulekileyo yokufumana okuyimfuneko kuhlalutyo olusisiseko yikhalenda yezoQoqosho. Ibonisa kwifom ebonakalayo phantse zonke iindlela zoqoqosho lwanamhlanje, kwaye apho unokutsala khona phantse yonke idatha eyimfuneko yokuhlalutya.

Iingxelo zeenkampani kwiziphumo zezimali kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho

Ukufunda iingxelo ze-accounting kunye neengxelo zemali zeenkampani kukuvumela ukuba umisele iiparameters zayo ezinxulumene nenzuzo ye-capitalisation kunye nezinye iiparameters eziyimfuneko kuhlalutyo olubanzi olusisiseko. Ngokusekwe kubo, izigqibo zinokuthathwa malunga namathemba ophuhliso lwenkampani, ukuzinza kwayo (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukuzinza kwezibambiso zayo)

Izalathisi ezithathelwa ingqalelo kuhlalutyo olusisiseko

Ezi zalathi ziquka:

Iimpawu zoqoqosho olukhulu

Ezona zalathisi zibalulekileyo kuqoqosho olukhulu eziphantsi komfanekiso weenkwenkwezi ezintathu kwiikhalenda zezi:

• isigqibo malunga nenqanaba lenzala yeBhanki Ephakathi;
• I-NFP (Imirhumo engeyiyo eyeFama)
• isalathiso sokungaphangeli;
• isalathisi samaxabiso omthengi;
• I-GDP (iMveliso yeLizwe lonke).

Iimpawu ezidumileyo (iziphindaphinda) ezisetyenziselwa uhlalutyo olusisiseko

Uhlalutyo olusisiseko: ukuphindaphindwa kwesitokhwe, indlela yokufumana isitokhwe esingaxabisekanga: https://youtu.be/PgMgKY2Y5U4

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ezi ntlobo zezalathisi ziyafuneka ukuze kwenziwe uqikelelo olufanelekileyo malunga notshintsho olunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo kuqoqosho lwamazwe. Utshintsho kwezi zalathi lubonisa utshintsho olunokwenzeka okanye olubi, oluya kuthi, ngendlela enye okanye enye, luchaphazele zonke (okanye amacandelo amaninzi emarike). Ezi zalathi zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqikelela, xa kusenziwa uhlalutyo olusisiseko, umzekelo, ukudodobala koqoqosho, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumsebenzi wabahlalutyi kunye neentloko zebhodi ephakathi yeBhanki ePhakamileyo ukumisela i-vector yophuhliso kunye nokulungelelanisa umgaqo-mali wemali. iBhanki Enkulu. Iikhrayitheriya ezifanayo zisetyenziswa ngabatyali-mali ukwakha okanye ukulungelelanisa izicwangciso zabo kwimarike. Ezi ntlobo zezalathi zibandakanya:

• Umthamo werisithi karhulumente. iimvume zokwakhiwa kwenkunzi. Ngokuya liba likhulu inani leemvume ezikhutshiweyo, kokukhona lingcono ithemba loshishino lokwakha namanye amashishini anxulumeneyo.

Ukunyuka kwesi salathiso kubonisa amathuba okuhla kwentswela-ngqesho, ukuphuculwa kweemeko zokubolekwa kwe-mortgage, njl.

• I-Consumer Confidence Index ibonisa ukuzimisela kwabemi ukusebenzisa imali yabo.

Kwisiseko sayo, imeko kwintsimi yengqesho yabemi kunye nemeko yoqoqosho lwelizwe izimisele.

• Umthamo wezicelo zeenzuzo zokungaphangeli. Isalathisi sibonisa ukunyuka (ukunciphisa) kwintswelo-ngqesho kwixesha elithile, elibonakaliswa ngokwemvelo kwinqanaba le-GDP, ukuqokelela kweerhafu kwiindleko zokuthenga, njalo njalo.

izalathi ezishiyekileyo

Ezi zalathi zibonakalisa iinguqu esele zenzekile kuqoqosho lweli lizwe kunye neentshukumo zalo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ezi zalathi ziquka:

1. Izinga lokungaphangeli . Ibonisa elona nani labantu abangaphangeliyo kweli lizwe ngexesha elithile.
2. Isalathiso seXabiso loMthengi . Ukubonisa ukuguquka kweenguqu kwiindleko zebhaskithi yabathengi kwixesha elithile
3. Ibhalansi yorhwebo . Umlinganiselo wexabiso leempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle elizweni kangangexesha elithile

Abatyalomali basebenzisa ezi zalathisi kuhlalutyo lwabo ukuze baqinisekise iintsingiselo ezimiselwe ngokuqinileyo kwiimarike.

Iimpawu ezihambelanayo

Olu hlobo lwesalathisi lusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa uhlalutyo olusisiseko ukufumana ulwazi malunga nemeko yezoqoqosho yangoku yelizwe, evumela abatyali-mali ukuba benze umzobo ocacileyo weendlela zemarike zangoku. Phakathi kwabo:

• Ingeniso engumndilili sisalathiso sesambuku sayo yonke imivuzo yomntu, nokuba iphuma phi na.
• Ukuthengiswa kweentengiso – kubonisa utshintsho kumthamo wokuthengiswa kwempahla.
• I-GDP lixabiso lazo zonke iimpahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe kwilizwe ngexesha elithile.

Imiba ekuyimfuneko ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo kwaye isetyenziswe kuhlalutyo olusisiseko ikwabandakanya i-force majeure (“iziganeko eziziimeko zokunyanzelisa kwaye ezingenako ukuphenjelelwa ngexesha elithile”). Ezi ziquka:

• Iimfazwe, iingxabano zomkhosi zangaphakathi nangaphandle.
• Iintlekele ezenziwe ngabantu kunye neentlekele zemvelo.
• Ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko, izidubedube, udushe, uqhankqalazo kunye nezinye iziganeko ezinkulu.

Umzekelo
Imizekelo yeforce majeure ibandakanya ubhubhani we-coronavirus. Okuthe ngo-2019-2021 yatshintsha kakhulu imeko yentengiso. Ke izabelo zeenkampani zokuhamba ziye zatshona ukuya kuthi ga kwimbali ephantsi ngenxa yokuvalwa kwemida, kwaye ngoku kuye kwakho ukonyuka okuncinci kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, izabelo zeenkampani zamayeza kunye neenkampani ezivelisa izixhobo zokhuseleko lwebhayoloji kunye nezixhobo zonyango zinyuke kakhulu, kwaye ukukhula kwazo kuyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphakanyiswa kwezithintelo ze-
COVID ngamanye amazwe.Uhlalutyo olusisiseko lusekelwe kwi-GDP, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye namazinga enzala, ezi zikhombisi zintathu zezoqoqosho, njengazo zonke ezinye, zinokuchaphazela imarike Ngoko ke, xa uqhuba uhlalutyo, kufuneka banikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, eyongeziweyo.