Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo emakethe yamasheya – izisekelo zethiyori nokusebenza

Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kwemakethe yamasheya – izisekelo, izinkomba, amathuluzi, izindlela zokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kwamasheya enkampani, izibambiso, izimakethe zezimali Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo – ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, leli gama libhekisela endleleni yokwenza izibikezelo zemakethe (ukushintshanisa) inani elilinganiselwe lezinkampani. , okusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezinkomba zayo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziya lusetshenziswa abadayisi ukuze bahlole amandla ebhizinisi (okuhlanganisa nenani lamasheya alo). Njengomphumela wokuhlaziya, umhwebi angakwazi ukuhlola amakhono ezezimali enkampani, njenge:

• isamba semali engenayo yenkampani;
• inzuzo ephelele etholwe yinkampani;
• inani eliphelele lengqikithi yenkampani;
• izikweletu zenkampani, idebhithi yayo nesikweletu sesikweletu;
• inani lemali egeleza enkampanini;
• inani lezabelo ezikhokhwa yinkampani;
• izinkomba zokusebenza kwenkampani.

Okubuye kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole kahle izinga lenzuzo kanye namathemba okuthuthukiswa.
Isibonelo:
Njengesibonelo, cabangela ukuthengwa kwemishini yasendlini eyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-TV. Omunye wabathengi uzovele athenge umshini wokuqala ofaneleka kakhulu ngokwenani nomklamo.
Omunye uzocabangela ngokucophelela izinketho eziningana ngaphambi kokuthenga. Uzokhetha imodeli elula kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa, afunde ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende, aqhathanise imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe, futhi kuphela ngemva kocwaningo oluningiliziwe ezoqala ukuqhathanisa amanani futhi abheke inhlanganisela enenzuzo kakhulu yentengo nekhwalithi. Ukukhetha okunjalo ngokwemigomo kuzoba ukuhlaziya okubalulekile ngaphambi kokuthenga i-TV .

Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kwezimakethe zezimali – ukuthi kusebenza kanjani

Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kwemakethe kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi inani langempela lezimpahla zenkampani lingahluka kakhulu enanini lemakethe.

Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi izimakethe zingase zingaziseni ngokungeyikho – ivalue ngokweqile noma zibeke phansi izimpahla zezinkampani esikhathini esifushane. Abalandeli bokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo baqiniseka ngokuqinile ukuthi, naphezu kokuhlolwa okungalungile kwenani lezimpahla, lihlala libuyela enanini elilungile (lenjongo).
Isibonelo:
Njengesibonelo, cabangela ukusebenza kwesitoko sikaTesla. Naphezu kokwehla okuphawulekayo, esikhathini esifushane, kanye nokuqagela kwentengo yamasheya okuhlotshaniswa nokugxilwa kolwazi kanye nokushoda kwama-microchips.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izibambiso zayo azigcini nje ukubuyisela inani labo eliphezulu, kodwa futhi zibonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo, futhi inkampani ihlale ikhulisa izinga layo lemali.Ngakho-ke, inhloso eyinhloko yokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlaziya eyisisekelo iwukuthola inani langempela lezimpahla bese uliqhathanisa nenani lemakethe lamanje. Ukuqhathanisa okunjalo kwenza umthengisi akwazi ukubikezela ngokuzethemba ukuguqulwa kwenani lempahla futhi ngaleyo ndlela avule amathuba ezezimali. Ukuhlaziya okunjalo akusizi ngalutho ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi esifushane, nokho, ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside, kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubikezele ngokunembile kakhulu ukuziphatha kwempahla emakethe.

Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo nobuchwepheshe – umehluko omkhulu

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuhlaziywa kwe-phenomenal kanye nobuchwepheshe yimingcele ehlaziywayo. Ngakho-ke uma ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kucabangela, okokuqala, isimo sangaphakathi sezimpahla futhi cishe akucabangi isimo sentengo yamanje yezimpahla emakethe. Lokho kuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokuyisisekelo kucubungula futhi kuhlaziye amanani wamanje nje, okuvumela ukuthi uyisebenzise ngempumelelo enkulu lapho uhlela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhashana.

Ukuphikisana ngokuthi “ikuphi okungcono” ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo noma kobuchwepheshe akunangqondo. Ngayinye yazo isetshenziselwa ukunquma imibandela yayo, futhi uma ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kungenamsebenzi ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi esifushane futhi kusiza kakhulu ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside, khona-ke ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kuphambene.

Lokho kuhlaziya kobuchwepheshe kuklanyelwe ukusebenza nje nokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhashana.

Ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo: imigomo nezinjongo

Ukuze usebenzise ngempumelelo ukuhlaziywa kwezibikezelo emkhakheni wokutshalwa kwezimali, kuyadingeka, okokuqala, ukucacisa imigomo nezinhloso ezibekwe ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa. Inhloso yokuhlaziya iwukulungiselela umtshali-zimali ukuthi angakwazi ukushintsha inani lezimpahla. Ukuqonda ubudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela obudala ukuguquguquka kwentengo, kanye nezimbangela ezinjalo ngokuvamile zingaphandle. Imicimbi enjalo ihlanganisa:

• izimo zezwe, zezenhlalo nezomnotho;
• umuzwa wemakethe jikelele, amathuba okuthuthukiswa komnotho maqondana nezwe elithile;
• izinhlekelele zemvelo nezenziwe abantu, izimo zemvelo ezingavamile, ukwenzeka kwazo okubangele umonakalo omkhulu wezomnotho;
• ukungazinzi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle (izingxabano zomphakathi, ukuvukela umbuso, ukuvukela umbuso, ukuketula umbuso, izimpi zangaphandle nezangaphakathi kuhulumeni nasezindaweni ezizungezile);
• imicimbi yangaphakathi yezombangazwe (ukhetho lwasephalamende nolomongameli, izinhlolovo, ukushintshwa kwabathile ababusayo, njll.);
• ukudalulwa (ukushicilelwa) kwezinkomba zezomnotho zamazwe noma izimboni ezifanele.

Izindlela ezisetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo

Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:

Indlela Yokuqhathanisa Ekuhlaziyeni Okuyisisekelo Kwezimakethe Zezezimali

Le ndlela isekelwe ekuqhathanisweni kwezinkomba zezomnotho ezishicilelwe kodwa ezingalindelekile. Uma umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinkomba unamandla, yilapho ukusabela kwabadlali ku-stock exchange kuzoba nobudlova. Futhi ngokufanelekile, lokhu kungaholela ekuvaleni okukhulu noma ekuvulekeni kokuthengiselana ngezindlela ezinenzuzo kakhulu, okulandela ngokusobala kumehluko onjalo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwesizini

Isici sokuguquguquka kwesizini kwemakethe yamasheya sithinta impahla etholakala kuyo. Ngakho-ke endabeni yamasheya, akuzona kuphela izitatimende zezezimali nezomnotho zekota zenkampani ezibalulekile, kodwa nenani lamasheya adayiswa emakethe ngesizini noma ngaphandle kwesizini. Izinkampani ezisebenza emikhakheni ehlukene yezomnotho zithola imali engenayo ehlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Lokhu, ngokufanelekile, akukwazi kodwa ukuthikameza izinkokhelo zezabelo,
ukuguquguqukakanye ne-liquidity yamasheya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqhathaniswa kwezinkomba zokuthengisa ngezinkampani ngokuvamile akwenziwa kuphela ngezinkomba zekota edlule, kodwa futhi nezinkomba zekota efanayo yonyaka odlule. Ukuhlaziya okufanayo kwenziwa yizinhlaka zikazwelonke mayelana nezinkomba zomnotho omkhulu wezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana nezinkomba ze-macroeconomic, kusetshenziswa izindlela “zokuqeda inkathi yonyaka”, ngosizo lwabo, idatha iyalungiswa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uqonde ngokucacile ukuthi zihluke kanjani kokujwayelekile kule kota, inyanga, unyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezikhathi ezihlukene ekuhwebeni lapho kuvame ukuvalwa ngobuningi bezikhundla ezithile ngabatshalizimali (izikhathi ezinjalo zifaka phakathi usuku olwandulela amaholide kaKhisimusi). Izikhathi ezinjalo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuhlaziywa izimakethe zamasheya. Ngempela, emakethe ye-volatility ephansi, ukuvalwa okunjalo kungaholela ekushintsheni okubukhali kakhulu kumacaphuno okuphepha. Yebo, ukuhlaziya kwesizini kukodwa akwanele ukwenza isinqumo sokuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla, kodwa kuyisici esidingekayo lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo oluyisisekelo olujwayelekile. Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho kuhlaziywa hhayi kuphela imakethe yamasheya. Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi lapho kwenziwa izinqumo zokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwempahla ngokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, impahla kanye nezinye izimakethe.
Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela isimo lapho inkathi yemvula ethatha isikhathi eside idonsa ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwengxenye yesitshalo emasimini kakotini, okuzonciphisa inani lempahla etholakalayo bese kuholela ekwenyukeni kwamanani awo. Ngakho-ke, ngokulandelela isikhathi sonyaka kanye nokuhlaziya, kungenzeka ukubikezela ushintsho olubukhali emananini ekusasa likakotini.

Izindlela zokuhlaziya kanye ne-inductive

Ngokusebenzisa ukungeniswa, umtshali-zimali ucubungula izinkomba zezinkomba nezindaba ezahlukahlukene, futhi ngesisekelo sazo wakha imibono mayelana nezinguquko zamanani ezingase zibe khona ezimakethe. Ukudonswa kwemali kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwethrendi futhi kuvame ukufakwa ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo kwezitoko. Ingqikithi yale ndlela ukwakha iziphetho – kusukela jikelele kuya ethize. Lena indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu enganikeza imiphumela eyiphutha ngenxa yokuzethemba ngokweqile komuntu owenze ukuhlaziya eziphethweni zakhe. Kodwa-ke, ukudonswa kwemali kungabaluleka kakhulu ezimweni lapho, ngokwesibonelo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nge-EURUSD uma kwenzeka kuba nokuguquguquka okukhulayo ezimakethe zaseYurophu.

Indlela yokuxhumana

Le nqubo iyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe ezimpambanweni zokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe nokuyisisekelo. Ingqikithi yayo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi, ngokukhula kwempahla eyodwa, inani lenye impahla ehlotshaniswa nayo (noma izimpahla ezihlotshaniswayo) lingakhuphuka noma lehle. Namuhla, ukushintshana kusebenzisa izinkomba ezihambisanayo ukuze kuhambisane nokuhlobana, njenge-Indcor-Correlation noma Ishadi Le-OverLay.

Indlela yokwenza amaqoqo kanye ne-generalization

Le nqubo ingeyezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu abahlaziyi. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa izimpahla zibe ngamaqembu ngokuvumelana “nokuziphatha” kwazo emakethe, futhi ngemva kwalokho inkomba ejwayelekile ibalwa kuzo. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izimakethe ngabadlali abakhulu nezinkampani ezihlaziyayo, kodwa abatshalizimali abanolwazi bangakha inkomba yabo ye-macroeconomic. Izinkomba ezinjalo, isibonelo, zihlanganisa inkomba ye-Dow Jones, ehlanganiswe ngesisekelo sokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezingu-30 ezichazwe ngokuthi “ama-chips aluhlaza”. Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe okuyisisekelo (amasheya enkampani, uhlobo lwemali, i-cryptocurrencies): kuyini, okuyisisekelo, iziphindaphinda, izinhlobo nezindlela zokuhlaziya: https://youtu.be/fa1xkn7OfZY

Ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo – uhlelo nesakhiwo

Umhwebi, ethatha isinqumo sokutshala imali, kufanele kuqala aphendule imibuzo embalwa:

• yiziphi izimpahla ahlela ukuhwebelana ngazo;
• yiziphi zezimali ezifakwe kubhangqa (uma ehlela ukusebenza ezimakethe zemali);
• yiziphi izinkampani ezifakwe kunkomba ehambisanayo yezibambiso (uma uhlela imisebenzi ezimakethe zamasheya);
• isikhathi esihleliwe sokuqedwa kokuthengiselana?

Bese edinga ukuthola ulwazi (izindaba). Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-Investing, i-TASS, i-Dow Jones, i-Bloomberg, i-CNN, i-RBC, nanoma yisiphi esinye isiteshi sezindaba zomnotho esilungele kakhulu esimweni ngasinye. Okuzohlinzeka ngenani elinethezekile nelithembekile ledatha yokusebenza emisebenzini ehleliwe.
Ngemva kokuthola ulwazi oludingekayo, umtshali-zimali ufinyelela iziphetho mayelana nesimo semboni noma ingxenye yemakethe azotshala kuyo, futhi “aphenye” ​​isizinda sezimpahla ezidingekayo. Ngemva kwalokho, isikhathi sikhethiwe, okuyinto, ngokusho kwezibalo zomtshali-zimali, ifaneleka kakhulu emisebenzini yokuhweba, isikhathi sesikhathi simisiwe. Futhi emva kwalokho, umtshali-zimali udinga ukuphendukela ekhalendeni lezomnotho. Ikhalenda lezomnotho lingelinye lamathuluzi ayinhloko asetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo, lapho ungathola khona lonke ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nezwe lapho izimpahla ezithakazelisayo kumtshali-zimali zitholakala khona, futhi ngokohlelo lokukhishwa kwezindaba, uyaqonda konke. isithombe sokuma kwempahla emakethe.

Izigaba zokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo

Ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:

Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo somnotho

Ukuhlaziya okunjalo kuvame ukuqala ngokuqonda isimo esijwayelekile emakethe. Isibonelo, thatha ipheya yemali ye-EUR/USD. Kuhlale kunezindaba eziningi ezimakethe zemali yase-Europe neMelika kuwo wonke amapulatifomu olwazi. Futhi ukulondoloza ukuguquguquka okuqinile kumapheya emali kanye namasheya kulezi zimakethe akunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhangqwana onjalo ufanelekile cishe kuzo zonke izitayela zokuhweba, kufaka phakathi
i-swing ne-
scalping .. Uma umhwebi enquma ukuvula isivumelwano nge-EUR / USD, khona-ke, okokuqala, kufanele anake izinqumo emkhakheni wenqubomgomo yezimali ezenziwe yi-Fed ne-ECB. Izigungu ezilawulayo zazo zombili lezi zinhlangano zihlangana njalo emavikini ayisi-6. Kuleyo mihlangano, banquma ngezinguquko ezilinganisweni zenzalo futhi benze izinqumo zabo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomnotho. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinqumo, futhi uziqhathanise nezangaphambilini, kungenzeka ukuthi ufinyelele iziphetho ezithile futhi uthuthukise izibikezelo zokuhlaziya ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okuvame ukuba yilokho okwenziwa abahlaziyi abangochwepheshe.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkampani kanye nemikhakha ngayinye yezomnotho

Lesi sigaba sokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kwemakethe yamasheya sihlanganisa ucwaningo lwemisebenzi yezinkampani ezikhethwe umtshali-zimali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqala ukuqapha ngokucophelela izindaba zebhizinisi nemicimbi embonini lapho inkampani yenza khona ibhizinisi layo eliyinhloko.

Ukuhlaziya imakethe yezibambiso, okokuqala, ama-indices asetshenziswa, njenge-Industrial Average,
S&P500 , Dow Jones, Nikkei225 nabanye. Lezi zinkomba zakhiwe ngesisekelo semisebenzi yezinkampani ezinkulu nezizinzile ezisebenza endaweni ethile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile ukuthi yiziphi izimboni manje ezihamba phambili emakethe, kuyadingeka futhi ukuqapha nokuhlaziya ushintsho kumazinga we-indices ngokwawo. Ngaphambi kokuqala imisebenzi yokuhweba, umhwebi udinga ukuhlola ikhalenda yezabelo, kulula ukunquma isiqalo nesiphetho sezinkathi zokubika zebhizinisi. Ikhalenda lezabelo liphinde lishicilele inani elikhulu ledatha elithinta inani lezimpahla kanye nekhotheshini yezinkomba.

Ukuhlaziywa kwevelu yamasheya nezinye izibambiso

Lesi sici sokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo kwemakethe yamasheya sicabangela ukusebenza kwezimali kwenkampani, okuhlanganisa ukukhula (ukuncipha) kwesamba kanye neholo lokusebenza, njll. Uma isikhathi eside, naphezu kwezici zangaphandle, kukhona ukuthambekela kokukhula okuzinzile kwe-capitalisation, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuzinza okuphezulu kanye nenzuzo yamasheya enkampani esikhathini eside. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esikhathini esifushane (usuku, isonto, inyanga), inani lamasheya enkampani lingase lishintshe kokubili phezulu naphansi.

Imithombo eyinhloko yedatha yokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo

Ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlaziya okubalulekile, abatshalizimali nabahlaziyi bezezimali bavamise ukusebenzisa imithombo yedatha efana nale:

Izibalo zezindaba nezezimali

Okokuqala, abatshalizimali kufanele banqume ukuthi yimiphi imicimbi nokuthi bazolandelela kuyiphi imakethe. Ngakho-ke emakethe yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, noma yiziphi izindaba ezibalulekile ezivela e-United States zizothinta idola, ngakho-ke izinga lokushintshanisa cishe lazo zonke izinhlobo zemali. Ngendlela efanayo, izenzakalo ezibalulekile empilweni yenkampani ye-Tesla zizothinta izingcaphuno zamasheya nezinye izibambiso emakethe yamasheya. Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-stock indices, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, umtshali-zimali kufanele achaze ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zemakethe afuna ukutshala kuzo. Ngemva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukutadisha ngqo ulwazi oluhlobene nomkhakha othile owakhethwa nguye.

Amanani Amabhange Amaphakathi amazwe

Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi kugxilwe kumanqamuleli wamaBhange Amaphakathi wamazwe, ikakhulukazi i-ECB kanye ne-FRS emkhakheni wenqubomgomo yezimali namazinga enzalo emalimboleko. Izimakethe zisabela ngokuguqukayo cishe kunoma yiluphi ushintsho kulokho okulindelekile, futhi ulwazi mayelana nezinguquko kumazinga enzalo noma inqubomgomo yezimali ingaba nomthelela onamandla kakhulu ekucushweni kwemakethe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ku-Fed (Federal Reserve System), elawula imali egciniwe futhi noma yiziphi izinqumo zayo azibonakali kuphela emakethe yase-US, kodwa futhi cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izimakethe.

Amabhange Amaphakathi amazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni:

Amandla okushintsha izinga lamanje le-Central Bank of the Russian Federation okwamanje

Ikhalenda lezomnotho

Omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthola okudingekayo ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo ikhalenda le-Economic. Ibonisa ngendlela ebonakalayo cishe yonke imikhuba yomnotho wesimanje, futhi lapho ungakwazi ukudweba cishe yonke idatha edingekayo ukuze uhlaziye.

Imibiko yezinkampani ngemiphumela yemisebenzi yezezimali nezomnotho

Ukufunda imibiko yokubalwa kwezimali kanye nezitatimende zezimali zezinkampani kukuvumela ukuthi unqume imingcele yayo ehlobene nenzuzo yemali kanye neminye imingcele edingekayo ekuhlaziyweni okuphelele okuyisisekelo. Ngokusekelwe kuzo, kungafinyelelwa esiphethweni mayelana namathemba okuthuthukiswa kwenkampani, ukuzinza kwayo (futhi, ngokufanele, ukuzinza kwezibambiso zayo)

Izinkomba ezicatshangelwa ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo

Lezi zinkomba zihlanganisa:

Izinkomba ze-Macroeconomic

Izinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-macroeconomic ezingaphansi kwesithonjana sezinkanyezi ezintathu kumakhalenda yilezi:

• isinqumo ngezinga lenzalo yeBhange Elikhulu;
• I-NFP (Izinkokhelo Ezingezona Ezasepulazini)
• inkomba yokungasebenzi;
• inkomba yentengo yomthengi;
• I-GDP (Gross Domestic Product).

Izinkomba ezidume kakhulu (iziphindaphinda) ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo

Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo: ukuphindaphindeka kwesitoko, indlela yokuthola izitoko ezingabalulekile: https://youtu.be/PgMgKY2Y5U4

Izinkomba ezihamba phambili

Lezi zinhlobo zezinkomba ziyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe isibikezelo esinekhono mayelana nezinguquko zesikhathi esizayo ezingase zibe khona emnothweni wamazwe. Izinguquko kulezi zinkomba zibonisa izinguquko ezinhle noma ezimbi ezingase zibe khona, okuthi, ngandlela thize, zithinte zonke (noma imikhakha eminingi yemakethe). Lezi zinkomba zenza kube nokwenzeka ukubikezela, lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, ukwehla komnotho, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emsebenzini wabahlaziyi nezinhloko zezinhlaka ezimaphakathi zeBhange Elikhulu ukunquma i-vector yentuthuko kanye nokulungisa inqubomgomo yezimali iBhange Elikhulu. Inqubo efanayo isetshenziswa abatshalizimali ukwakha noma ukulungisa amasu abo emakethe. Lezi zinhlobo zezinkomba zihlanganisa:

• Ivolumu yokutholwa kombuso. izimvume zokwakha imali. Uma sikhulu inani lezimvume ezikhishiwe, kuba ngcono amathuba emboni yezokwakha nezinye izimboni ezihlobene.

Ukwenyuka kwale nkomba kubonisa amathuba okuncipha kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokubolekwa kwezindlu, njll.

• I-Consumer Confidence Index ikhombisa ukuzimisela kwezakhamizi ukusebenzisa imali yazo.

Ngokwesisekelo salo, kunqunywa isimo emkhakheni wokuqashwa kwabantu kanye nesimo somnotho wombuso.

• Umthamo wezicelo zezinzuzo zokungasebenzi. Inkomba ibonisa ukwanda (ukuncipha) kokungasebenzi esikhathini esithile, okuboniswa ngokwemvelo ezingeni le-GDP, ukuqoqwa kwezintela ngezindleko zokuthenga, njalonjalo.

izinkomba ezisalele

Lezi zinkomba zikhombisa izinguquko osezenzekile emnothweni wezwe kanye nokuguquguquka kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zinkomba zihlanganisa:

1. Izinga lokungasebenzi . Ibonisa inani langempela labantu abangasebenzi ezweni ngesikhathi esithile.
2. Inkomba Yentengo Yabathengi . Ibonisa ukushintshashintsha kwezinguquko ezindlekweni zikabhasikidi wabathengi isikhathi esithile
3. Ibhalansi yohwebo . Isilinganiso senani lezimpahla ezingenisiwe nezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezweni isikhathi esithile

Abatshalizimali basebenzisa lezi zinkomba ekuhlaziyeni kwabo ukuze baqinisekise izitayela ezimiswe ngokuqinile emakethe.

Izinkomba ezifanayo

Lolu hlobo lwenkomba lusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo ukuze kutholwe ulwazi mayelana nesimo somnotho samanje sezwe, esivumela abatshalizimali ukuthi benze umdwebo onemininingwane yezitayela zemakethe zamanje. Phakathi kwazo:

• Imali engenayo emaphakathi iyinkomba yesamba sayo yonke imali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi.
• Ukuthengisa okudayisa – kubonisa izinguquko kumthamo wokuthengiswa kwempahla.
• I-GDP inani lazo zonke izimpahla namasevisi akhiqizwa ezweni ngesikhathi esithile.

Izici ezicatshangelwa ngempela futhi zisetshenziswe ekuhlaziyeni okuyisisekelo nazo zihlanganisa i-force majeure (“imicimbi eyizimo ezicindezelayo futhi engakwazi ukuthonywa ngesikhathi esithile”). Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Izimpi, izingxabano zezempi zangaphakathi nangaphandle.
• Izinhlekelele ezenziwe abantu nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
• Ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe, izibhelu, izibhelu, ukuvukela umbuso nezinye izenzakalo zamandla amakhulu.

Isibonelo
Izibonelo ze-force majeure zifaka ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus. Okuthe ngo-2019-2021 kwashintsha kakhulu isimo semakethe. Ngakho-ke amasheya ezinkampani zezokuvakasha acwila acishe abe yingqophamlando ngenxa yokuvalwa kwemingcele, futhi manje kube nokunyuka okuncane kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, amasheya ezinkampani ezenza imithi kanye nezinkampani ezikhiqiza okomuntu siqu okokuvikela izinto eziphilayo kanye nemishini yezokwelapha akhuphuke kakhulu, futhi ukukhula kwawo kuyaqhubeka naphezu kokususwa kwemikhawulo ye-
COVID ngamanye amazwe.Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kusekelwe ku-GDP, ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye namazinga enzalo, lezi zinkomba zezomnotho ezintathu, njengezinye, zingathinta imakethe Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziya, kufanele zinikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, okukhulisiwe.