Iyiphi ilayisensi ongakhetha ku-GitHub: izinhlobo, ukuqhathanisa

Ungayikhetha kanjani ilayisense ye-GitHub futhi kungani kubalulekile ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele? I-GitHub iyisevisi enkulu kunazo zonke yokuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela kwamaphrojekthi we-IT kanye nokusingathwa kwawo okulandelayo. Ngosizo lwale nsizakalo yewebhu, inani elingenamkhawulo labantu lingasebenza kuphrojekthi ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi noma kuphi emhlabeni. I-GitHub futhi inokuphatha noma isistimu yokulawula ekuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi ulawule ngokuphelele zonke izinguquko ezenziwe onjiniyela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubuyele esimweni esenzeke ngaphambi kwezinguquko.
Kodwa ukukubeka kalula, i-GitHub iyindawo ebizwa ngokuthi inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu yabahleli bezinhlelo nabathuthukisi, lapho ungathola khona, futhi kamuva uzijwayeze kumakhodi avela kwabanye abathuthukisi. Ungagcina futhi iphothifoliyo yakho ku-GitHub. Sekukonke, i-GitHub iyisevisi ebafanele bobabili abathuthukisi abasafufusa kanye nabahleli bezinhlelo abanolwazi. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi bale sevisi ngezinye izikhathi bangase babe nemibuzo mayelana nokukhetha ilayisense, ngoba ukukhetha kwabo kuhluke kakhulu.

Liyini ilayisensi ye-GitHub

Ilayisensi idokhumenti ekhethekile eyasungulwa yifomu lombuso futhi ikuvumela ukuba uhlanganyele ohlotsheni oluthile lomsebenzi webhizinisi, okuyinto ngaphandle kokwehluleka okudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile okuvela ohlangothini lombuso. Kodwa, ngokuvamile, ngokusebenza, izivumelwano zamalayisense ezifushanisiwe kuphela noma izivumelwano ezihlinzeka ngokukhishwa kwamalayisensi omthetho wangasese zisetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, ilayisensi iphishekela eyodwa kuphela, kodwa umgomo obaluleke kakhulu, lesi yisivumelwano sezibopho namalungelo phakathi komnikezi welayisensi nomnikazi welayisensi. Le misebenzi namalungelo kungaba yinoma yini, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kohlaka lomthetho. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo ukuthi umnikezi welayisensi angase adinge igama lomnikazi welungelo lobunikazi ukuthi lidingeke uma usebenzisa umsebenzi womnikazi welayisensi. Noma, isibonelo, vumela umsebenzi wokukopisha, kodwa wenqabele ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwayo. Noma, ukuveza izidingo ezinjalo ukuze umsebenzi ukhishwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo ncamashi nezasekuqaleni, njalo njalo, kunezibonelo eziningi zokubeka phambili izimo ezihlukahlukene. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12368” align = “aligncenter” wide = “780”]
Isibonelo selayisense eyodwa ye-Apache[/caption]

Kodwa, futhi, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ilayisensi ivikela amalungelo hhayi kuphela onikeza ilayisense, kodwa futhi nomnikazi welayisensi. Njengoba kuyo ungabona ngokucacile futhi ufunde zonke izimo zokusebenzisa umsebenzi, ngakho-ke akudingeki esabe ukuthi umnikazi welayisensi uzodinga ngokuzumayo noma yiziphi izimali ezibanjwayo noma enye inhlawulo yokusetshenziswa komsebenzi wakhe.

Uma wenqaba ukusebenzisa ilayisensi ehambisana nomsebenzi, amalungelo okushicilela asasebenza ngokuhambisana nemithetho esemthethweni esebenza ezweni elithile. Kalula nje, ukungabi khona kwelayisensi akusho ukuthi abanye ababhali bangasebenzisa le phrojekthi nganoma iyiphi indlela abayifunayo. Konke kuphambene ncamashi, ngoba ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi ilayisense ethile, umhleli akalokothi ayeke amalungelo anikezwe ngumthetho. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula njalo ukuthi ilayisensi ilawula wonke amalungelo nezibopho. Lokhu okokuvikela umnikazi womsebenzi kulokho okulindelwe ngumsebenzisi kanye nalokho okushiwo noma iyiphi iwaranti. Phela akekho ofuna ikhodi yakhe iphelele enkantolo nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Yini i-copyright

I-copyright ibonakala kumuntu kuphela lapho, ngenxa yomsebenzi wobuhlakani, enza umsebenzi othile ozoba oyingqayizivele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ewusizo, isibonelo, ungathatha ukubhala kohlelo olufanayo. Lapho konke lokhu okungenhla sekwenziwe, umuntu uba umbhali futhi manje usenawo wonke amalungelo okushicilela kulo msebenzi. Kufanele futhi kushiwo ukuthi amalungelo okushicilela ayimpahla futhi awayona impahla. Umehluko wabo ukuthi amalungelo endawo angadluliselwa kunoma ubani, kodwa amalungelo okungewona awempahla azohlala ehlala nomlobi kuphela kunoma yisiphi isimo. Phela ukuba ngumbhali kuyilungelo elingadluliseki nelingenakwehlulwa.

Iyini ilayisensi yomthombo ovulekile?

Lona futhi umbuzo othandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathuthukisi be-novice nabahleli bohlelo, ngoba abaqondi ukuthi kungani ilayisensi kufanele ifakwe kumaphrojekthi abo, ngoba ngaphandle kwayo iphrojekthi ingaba khona ngokuthula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba uma, ngokwesibonelo, omunye umthuthukisi we-novice ebhale ingxenye yekhodi ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ewusizo, kodwa engayivikelanga ngelayisensi, abanye abasebenzisi banemibuzo. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, lapho amaklayenti eza kuye futhi efuna ukusebenzisa lesi siqeshana sekhodi ngezinjongo zabo zokuhweba, ayabona ukuthi ikhodi ayinayo ilayisense futhi avele ayenqabe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkampani ngeke zisebenzise ikhodi ngaphandle kwelayisensi, ngoba azidingi izinkinga zomthetho nabameli.
Futhi yingakho ngisho iphrojekthi ewusizo kakhulu futhi elula ngeke isetshenziswe. Futhi umthuthukisi obefuna ukuthatha lesi siqeshana sekhodi kuzofanele abheke futhi asebenzise enye indlela, noma abhale kabusha ngokuphelele ikhodi eyayivele ibhalwe unjiniyela wezimfundamakhwela ngaphambili. Kungakho kungcono ukwenza isiqiniseko kusenesikhathi ukuthi umenzi wohlelo usebenzisa ilayisensi efanele, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ilayisensi efanelekile. Ukuhlola i-GitHub esifundweni esisodwa sevidiyo emizuzwini eyi-15: https://youtu.be/JfpCicDUMKc

Iyiphi ilayisensi ye-GitHub efanelekile ezimweni ezithile – ungakhetha kanjani?

Angeke kube khona impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo, ngoba ukukhethwa kwelayisensi kuncike kuphela ezinhlosweni zephrojekthi kanye nezintandokazi zomuntu siqu kanye nezifiso zomthuthukisi ngokwakhe. Njengoba ubona, kunamalayisense amaningi ahlukahlukene ku-GitHub, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, wonke amahhala futhi asendaweni yomphakathi, okusho ukuthi wonke umklami angathola
ilayisense Yomthombo Ovulekile ezofanelana nephrojekthi yakhe. Kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ilayisensi yomthombo ovulekile akuyona nje ikhodi engenalayisensi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12367″ align=”aligncenter” width=”709″]
Umndeni welayisensi ye-GitHub[/caption] Ngocwaningo oluncane, ungakwazi ukuqoqa wonke amalayisensi Omthombo Ovulekile futhi uwahlukanise abe amaqembu amakhulu amathathu amakhulu:

1. Ivikela kakhulu.
2. Ukuvikela okubuthakathaka.
3. Kuyavumela.

evikela kakhulu

Amalayisense avikela kakhulu avamise ukuhluka kwe-GPL. Lawa malayisensi adinga ukugunyazwa kwephrojekthi kanye nokudalulwa kwamakhodi omthombo, ngokunganaki ukuthi noma iyiphi ikhodi noma iphrojekthi izosetshenziswa kanjani noma isivele isetshenzisiwe.

Ukuvikela okubuthakathaka

Ukuvikela ngokubuthakathaka amalayisense kuvame ukuhluka kwe-GPL Encane. Lapho umehluko omkhulu ovela kumalayisense avumela ukuthi lapha kuyadingeka ukuthi uphinde ulayisense uhlelo ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPL, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamakhodi omthombo ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kukhona umtapo wezincwadi kuphrojekthi yomhleli, okungukuthi, ukuxhumanisa okumile noma ukuxhumanisa okuguquguqukayo ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-LGPL, izophinde ihambisane nanoma imaphi amalayisensi ephrojekthi yalo mhleli. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_12364″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”698″]
Lapho kucaciswe uhlobo lwelayisensi ye-GitHub[/caption]

ukuvumela

Kunenani elikhulu impela lamalayisensi ayimvume, ezinhlwini zawo amalayisense aziwa kakhulu yi-MIT, Apache 2.0, kanye ne-BSD. Ngokuhluka okuncane, lawa malayisensi anamandla okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi kokubili kumaphrojekthi womthombo ovulekile kanye nezinjongo zokuthengisa namaphrojekthi. Kodwa, kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhombisa ubunikazi bohlelo lokuqala.

Amanye amalayisense e-GitHub adumile

Ukwengeza kulawa maqembu amathathu amalayisense, kukhona namanye, isibonelo, elinye lamalayisense awusizo kakhulu yi-GPLv2 enezandiso ze-classpath. Le layisensi ingaphinda isetshenziselwe kokubili amaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile namaphrojekthi nezinjongo zentengiso. Ukubukeka kwayo okudume kakhulu kuse-Oracle, esebenzisa i-GPLv2 enezandiso ze-classpath ukuze inikeze amaphrojekthi nezixazululo zayo ze-Open Source. Le layisensi ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ilusizo, njengoba amalayisensi ajwayelekile e-GPL, ngokwesibonelo, awasoze akwazi ukubhekana ne-bytecode. Okusho ukuthi, banencazelo ekhethekile yenqubo yokuhlanganisa nokuxhumanisa, engafaneleki ngokuphelele kwezinye izilimi zokuhlela ezihunyushiwe, ulimi lwe-Java oludume kakhulu luphakathi kwezilimi ezinjalo. Kungenxa yalezi zimo lapho ilayisensi ekhethekile ye-GPLv2 enezandiso ze-classpath yakhululwa. Phela, lisho ngokucacile nangokucacile ukuthi umtapo wolwazi okhishwe ngaphansi kwale layisensi ungasetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi nezinhloso zentengiso nganoma iyiphi enye ilayisensi.
Yini enye okudingeka ukwazi mayelana
namalayisense we-GitHub .

Ukwengeza ilayisense

Ngemuva kokuthi ilayisensi yokugcina isikhethiwe ekugcineni, isala kuphela ukuyengeza kumpande wephrojekthi uqobo. Ukuze wenze lesi senzo, udinga ukumane wengeze ilayisense ekhethiwe ngaphansi kwempande yephrojekthi ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwephrojekthi ngokwayo noma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa ngisho nakulesi senzo, isevisi yewebhu ye-GitHub ikwazile ukunakekela abasebenzisi bayo futhi benza indlela elula yokwengeza ilayisense yokugcina ngisho nasekuqaleni kwephrojekthi ngokwayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngeshwa, akukhona konke lokhu, ngoba umthuthukisi noma umklami udinga ukuhlola ngokuphelele konke ukuncika okusetshenziswe emcabangweni noma kuphrojekthi yakhe. Okusho ukuthi, uma ngisho nokukodwa kokuncika okukhishwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPL, khona-ke yonke iphrojekthi kanjiniyela kufanele ihambisane ne-GPL. Ngokuqinisekisa okunjalo, izinhlelo eziklanywe ngaphambilini noma amathuluzi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa lokhu. Isibonelo, kukhona ithuluzi lalokhu https://github.com/pivotal/LicenseFinder:
Singasho ukuthi ukulayisensa kuwumsebenzi odla isikhathi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isenzo esidingekayo empilweni yephrojekthi noma yimuphi umqondo womklami. Ukuze ukhethe ilayisense elifanele, ngeshwa, kufanele uchithe isikhathi esiningi, noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuthi iphrojekthi iphumelele. Kungcono ukubeka ukukhetha kwelayisensi kuqala lapho ubhala noma yiluphi uhlelo, ngoba ngokwenza lokhu ekuqaleni, ungakwazi ukuqondisa ngokuphelele yonke imizamo yakho ngendlela efanele bese ubhala uhlelo oluzophumelela futhi olulungele iningi. abasebenzisi.