Yeyiphi ilayisensi yokukhetha kwiGitHub: iintlobo, uthelekiso

Ungayikhetha njani ilayisenisi yeGitHub kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo? I-GitHub yeyona nkonzo inkulu yophuhliso oludibeneyo lweeprojekthi ze-IT kunye nokusingathwa kwazo okulandelayo. Ngoncedo lwale nkonzo yewebhu, inani elingenamkhawulo labantu linokusebenza kwiprojekthi ngexesha elinye, kwaye naphina naphina emhlabeni. I-GitHub ikwanolawulo okanye inkqubo yolawulo ekuvumela ukuba ujonge kwaye ulawule ngokupheleleyo zonke iinguqu ezenziwe ngabaphuhlisi ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ubuyele kwimeko eyenzeka ngaphambi kotshintsho.
Kodwa ukuyibeka ngokulula, i-GitHub yeyona nto ibizwa ngokuba yinethiwekhi yoluntu yabaqulunqi kunye nabaphuhlisi, apho unokufumana khona, kwaye kamva uziqhelanise neekhowudi zabanye abaphuhlisi. Unokugcina ipotfoliyo yakho kwiGitHub. Ngokubanzi, i-GitHub yinkonzo ebafaneleyo bobabini abaphuhlisi abaqalayo kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo abanamava. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi bale nkonzo ngamanye amaxesha banokuba nemibuzo malunga nokukhetha ilayisenisi, kuba ukhetho lwabo luhluke kakhulu.

Yintoni ilayisensi yeGitHub

Ilayisenisi luxwebhu olukhethekileyo olusungulwe yifomu yombuso kwaye likuvumela ukuba ubandakanyeke kuhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi woshishino, ngaphandle kokusilela kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwicala likarhulumente. Kodwa, amaxesha amaninzi, ekusebenzeni, kuphela izivumelwano zelayisensi ezifinyeziweyo okanye izivumelwano ezibonelela ngokukhutshwa kweelayisenisi zomthetho wabucala zisetyenziswa. Ngokubanzi, ilayisenisi ilandela enye kuphela, kodwa eyona njongo ibalulekileyo, esi sisivumelwano kwizibophelelo kunye namalungelo phakathi komniki-layisenisi kunye nomntu onikwe ilayisenisi. Le misebenzi kunye namalungelo anokuba yiyo nantoni na, kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwesakhelo somthetho. Umzekelo oqaphelekayo ngowokuba umntu onikwe ilayisenisi unokufuna ukuba kufuneke igama lomnini wephepha-mvume xa usebenzisa umsebenzi womntu onikwe iphepha-mvume. Okanye, umzekelo, vumela umsebenzi wokukopa, kodwa thintela ngokupheleleyo naluphi na ukuguqulwa kwayo. Okanye, ukukhupha iimfuno ezinje ukuba umsebenzi ukhutshwe phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo kanye nezo zakuqala, njalo njalo, kukho imizekelo emininzi yokubeka phambili iimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Kodwa, kwakhona, asimele silibale ukuba ilayisenisi ikhusela amalungelo kungekhona nje umntu onikwe ilayisenisi, kodwa kunye nomnini welayisensi. Ekubeni kuyo ungabona ngokucacileyo kwaye ufunde zonke iimeko zokusebenzisa umsebenzi, kwaye ngoko ke akafuni ukwesaba ukuba umnini-layisenisi uya kufuna ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na intlawulo okanye nayiphi na enye imbuyekezo yokusetyenziswa komsebenzi wakhe.

Ukuba uyala ukusebenzisa ilayisenisi ehambelana nomsebenzi, amalungelo okushicilela asasebenza ngokuhambelana nemithetho esemthethweni esebenzayo kwilizwe elithile. Ngokulula, ukungabikho kwelayisenisi nangayiphi na indlela akuthethi ukuba abanye ababhali banokusebenzisa le projekthi nangayiphi na indlela abayifunayo. Yonke into ichasene ngqo, kuba ngaphandle kwelayisenisi ethile, umdwelisi wenkqubo akukho meko ayeke amalungelo anikezelwe ngumthetho. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uhlale ukhumbula ukuba ilayisenisi ilawula onke amalungelo kunye nezibophelelo. Oku kukukhusela umnini womsebenzi kwizinto ezilindelwe ngumsebenzisi kunye nokuba yintoni na iwaranti ethetha ngayo. Ngapha koko, akukho mntu ufuna ukuba ikhowudi yakhe iphele enkundleni nangayiphi na indlela.

Yintoni i-copyright

I-copyright ibonakala kumntu kuphela xa, ngenxa yomsebenzi wengqondo, udala umsebenzi othile oya kuba yinto ekhethekileyo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo luncedo, umzekelo, unokuthatha ukubhalwa kweprogram efanayo. Xa zonke ezi zinto zingasentla zenziwe, umntu uba ngumbhali kwaye ngoku unawo onke amalungelo okukhuphela kulo msebenzi. Kufuneka kwakhona kutshiwo ukuba amalungelo okushicilela ayimpahla kwaye ayiyonto. Umahluko wabo kukuba amalungelo epropathi anokudluliselwa kuye nabani na, kodwa amalungelo angewona propati aya kuhlala ehlala kuphela nombhali kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Ngapha koko, ukuba ngumbhali lilungelo elingadluliseliyo nelingenakohluthwa.

Yeyantoni ilayisensi yoMthombo oVulekileyo?

Lo ngumbuzo odumileyo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi be-novice kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo, kuba abaqondi ukuba kutheni ilayisenisi kufuneka incanyathiselwe kwiiprojekthi zabo, kuba ngaphandle kwayo iprojekthi inokubakho ngokuzolileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo, kuba ukuba, umzekelo, omnye umthuthukisi we-novice wabhala ikhowudi ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye eluncedo, kodwa akazange ayikhusele ngelayisensi, ngoko abanye abasebenzisi banemibuzo. Kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yale nto, xa abathengi beza kuye kwaye bafuna ukusebenzisa le nxalenye yekhowudi ngeenjongo zabo zorhwebo, babona ukuba ikhowudi ayinayo nayiphi na ilayisenisi kwaye iyala nje. Oku kungenxa yokuba iinkampani aziyi kusebenzisa ikhowudi ngaphandle kwelayisenisi, kuba azidingi iingxaki kunye nomthetho kunye namagqwetha.
Yiyo loo nto neyona projekthi iluncedo kwaye iluncedo ayinakuze iphunyezwe. Kwaye umphuhlisi owayefuna ukuthatha le nxalenye yekhowudi kuya kufuneka akhangele kwaye asebenzise enye indlela, okanye abhale ngokupheleleyo ikhowudi eyayisele ibhaliwe ngumphuhlisi we-novice ngaphambili. Yiyo loo nto kungcono ukuba uqiniseke kwangaphambili ukuba umdwebi wenkqubo usebenzisa ilayisensi echanekileyo, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ilayisensi efanelekileyo. Ukuphonononga i-GitHub kwisifundo esinye sevidiyo kwimizuzu eli-15: https://youtu.be/JfpCicDUMKc

Yiyiphi ilayisensi ye-GitHub efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile – indlela yokukhetha?

Akunakuba nempendulo echanekileyo kulo mbuzo, ekubeni ukhetho lwelayisenisi luxhomekeke kuphela kwiinjongo zeprojekthi kunye nokukhethwa komntu kunye neminqweno yomphuhlisi ngokwakhe. Njengoko ubona, kukho iilayisensi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwi-GitHub, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zonke zikhululekile kwaye zikwidomeyini yoluntu, oku kuthetha ukuba wonke umdwelisi wenkqubo unokufumana
ilayisensi yoMthombo ovulekileyo oya kufanelana neprojekthi yakhe. Kodwa, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, akufuneki silibale ukuba ilayisensi yoMthombo oVulekileyo ayisiyokhowudi nje engenalayisenisi. Ngophando oluncinci, unokuqokelela zonke iilayisensi zoMthombo oVulekileyo kwaye uzahlule ngokwamaqela amakhulu amathathu:

1. Ikhusela ngamandla.
2. Ukhuseleko olubuthathaka.
3. Ndiyavumela.

ikhusela kakhulu

Amaphepha-mvume akhusela kakhulu adla ngokuba ziinguqu kwi-GPL. La maphepha-mvume afuna ilayisensi yeprojekthi kunye nokubhengezwa kweekhowudi zomthombo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba nayiphi na ikhowudi okanye iprojekthi iya kusetyenziswa okanye sele isetyenziswe.

Ukhuseleko olubuthathaka

Ukukhusela ngokubuthathaka iilayisenisi zikholisa ukuguquguquka kweGPL encinci. Apho umahluko ophambili kwiilayisenisi ezivumelekileyo kukuba apha kuyimfuneko nje ukuba ube nelayisenisi inkqubo phantsi kwelayisenisi ye-GPL, kunye nokubonelela ngeekhowudi zomthombo ngaphandle kokusilela. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuba kukho ithala leencwadi kwiprojekthi yomdwelisi wenkqubo, oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa okumileyo okanye ukudibanisa okuguquguqukayo phantsi kwelayisensi ye-LGPL, iya kuthi ihambelane nayo nayiphi na ilayisensi yeprojekthi yalo mdwelisi.

ukuvumela

Kukho inani elikhulu ngokufanelekileyo lamaphepha-mvume okuvumelayo, kwiinqanaba zabo iilayisensi ezidumileyo yi-MIT, Apache 2.0, kunye ne-BSD. Ngokwahluka okuncinci, la maphepha-mvume anamandla okuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwekhowudi zombini kwiiprojekthi ze-Open Source kunye neenjongo zorhwebo kunye neeprojekthi. Kodwa, kule meko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ububhali beprogram yokuqala.

Ezinye iilayisensi zeGitHub ezidumileyo

Ukongeza kula maqela mathathu eelayisenisi, kukho nezinye, umzekelo, enye yeelayisensi eziluncedo kakhulu yi-GPLv2 kunye nokwandiswa kwendlela yokufundela. Eli phepha-mvume lingasetyenziselwa zombini iiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo kunye neeprojekthi zorhwebo kunye neenjongo. Inkangeleko yayo ethandwa kakhulu yi-Oracle, esebenzisa i-GPLv2 kunye nolwandiso lwendlela yokufundela ukunika ilayisenisi yeeprojekthi zoMthombo oVulekileyo kunye nezisombululo. Eli phepha-mvume libaluleke kakhulu kwaye liluncedo, kuba iilayisensi ze-GPL eziqhelekileyo, umzekelo, azisoze zikwazi ukujongana ne-bytecode. Oko kukuthi, banenkcazo ekhethekileyo yokuhlanganiswa kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa, engafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iilwimi zeprogram ezitolikwayo, ulwimi lweJava oludumileyo luphakathi kweelwimi ezinjalo. Kungenxa yeemeko ezinjalo ukuba ilayisensi ekhethekileyo ye-GPLv2 enezandiso zendlela yeklasi yakhululwa. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ithetha ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokucacileyo ukuba ithala leencwadi elakhutshwa phantsi kweli phepha-mvume lingasetyenziselwa iiprojekthi zorhwebo kunye neenjongo kunye nayo nayiphi na enye ilayisenisi.
Yintoni enye ekufuneka uyazi malunga
neelayisensi zeGitHub .

Ukongeza ilayisenisi

Emva kokuba ilayisensi yokugqibela ikhethiwe ekugqibeleni, isala kuphela ukuyongeza kwingcambu yeprojekthi ngokwayo. Ukwenza esi senzo, kufuneka udibanise ngokulula ilayisenisi ekhethiweyo phantsi kwengcambu yeprojekthi ngexesha lokuyilwa kweprojekthi ngokwayo okanye nangaliphi na ixesha. Kodwa nakwesi senzo, inkonzo yewebhu ye-GitHub ikwazile ukukhathalela abasebenzisi bayo kwaye benza indlela efanelekileyo yokongeza ilayisenisi yokugqibela nasekuqaleni kweprojekthi ngokwayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngelishwa, oku akuyiyo yonke into, kuba umphuhlisi okanye umdwelisi kufuneka ahlolisise zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kwingcamango yakhe okanye iprojekthi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba enye yokuxhomekeka ekhutshwe phantsi kwelayisenisi ye-GPL, ngokuqinisekileyo yonke iprojekthi yomphuhlisi kufuneka ihambelane ne-GPL. Ukuqinisekisa okunjalo, iinkqubo ezenziwe ngaphambili okanye izixhobo zidla ngokusetyenziselwa oku. Umzekelo, kukho isixhobo sale https://github.com/pivotal/LicenseFinder:
Sinokuthi ukukhupha ilayisenisi ngumsebenzi odla ixesha, kodwa kwangaxeshanye inyathelo eliyimfuneko kubomi beprojekthi okanye nayiphi na ingcamango yomdwelisi wenkqubo. Ukuze ukhethe ilayisensi elungileyo, ngelishwa, kufuneka uchithe ixesha elininzi, nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuba iprojekthi iphumelele. Kungcono ukubeka ukhetho lwelayisenisi kwindawo yokuqala xa ubhala nayiphi na inkqubo, kuba ngokwenza oku kwasekuqaleni, unokuyalela ngokupheleleyo yonke imizamo yakho kwicala elifanelekileyo kwaye ubhale inkqubo eya kuphumelela kwaye ilungele uninzi. abasebenzisi.