Uruhushya rwo guhitamo kuri GitHub: ubwoko, kugereranya

Nigute ushobora guhitamo uruhushya rwa GitHub kandi ni ukubera iki ari ngombwa guhitamo neza? GitHub ni serivisi nini yo guteza imbere imishinga ya IT hamwe no kuyakira nyuma. Hifashishijwe iyi serivise y’urubuga, umubare utagira imipaka w’abantu ushobora gukora umushinga icyarimwe, ndetse no kuva ahantu hose ku isi. GitHub ifite kandi sisitemu yo kuyobora cyangwa kugenzura igufasha kureba no kugenzura rwose impinduka zose zakozwe nabashinzwe iterambere mugihe, kandi ikanagufasha gusubira muri leta yabayeho mbere yimpinduka.
Ariko kubivuga mu buryo bworoshye, GitHub nicyo bita imbuga nkoranyambaga kubashinzwe porogaramu n’abateza imbere, aho ushobora kubisanga, hanyuma ukitoza kuri code ziva kubandi bateza imbere. Urashobora kandi kubika portfolio yawe kuri GitHub. Muri rusange, GitHub ni serivisi ikwiranye nabaterankunga bashya hamwe nabashinzwe porogaramu bafite uburambe. Ariko, abakoresha iyi serivisi barashobora rimwe na rimwe kugira ibibazo bimwe bijyanye no guhitamo uruhushya, kubera ko guhitamo kwabo gutandukanye.

Uruhushya rwa GitHub ni iki

Uruhushya ninyandiko idasanzwe yashyizweho nuburyo bwa leta kandi ikwemerera kwishora mubikorwa runaka byo kwihangira imirimo, byanze bikunze bisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe kuruhande rwa leta. Ariko, akenshi, mubikorwa, hakoreshwa gusa impfunyapfunyo yamasezerano yimpushya cyangwa amasezerano ateganya gutanga impushya zamategeko yigenga. Muri rusange, uruhushya rukurikirana imwe gusa, ariko intego yingenzi, aya ni amasezerano yerekeye inshingano nuburenganzira hagati yabatanze uruhushya. Inshingano n’uburenganzira birashobora kuba byose, ariko muburyo bw’amategeko. Urugero rugaragara ni uko uwabitanze ashobora gusaba izina ryabafite uburenganzira bwo gusabwa mugihe ukoresheje akazi nuwahawe uruhushya. Cyangwa, kurugero, emera gukoporora akazi, ariko uhagarike rwose kubihindura. Cyangwa, kugirango usohokane ibyo bisabwa kugirango akazi gasohore neza mubihe bimwe nkibya mbere, nibindi, hariho ingero nyinshi zo gushyira imbere ibintu bitandukanye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_12368” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “780”]
Urugero rwa rumwe mu mpushya za Apache [/ caption]

Ariko, nanone, ntitugomba kwibagirwa ko uruhushya rurengera uburenganzira bwabahawe uruhushya gusa, ariko kandi nuburenganzira. Kubera ko muri yo ushobora kubona neza no gusoma ibisabwa byose kugirango ukoreshe akazi, bityo akaba adakeneye gutinya ko uwatanze uruhushya azasaba mu buryo butunguranye kugabanywa cyangwa izindi ndishyi zose zo gukoresha akazi ke.

Niba wanze gukoresha uruhushya rujyanye nakazi, uburenganzira buracyakurikizwa hubahirijwe amategeko akurikizwa mugihugu runaka. Muri make, kubura uruhushya ntakintu na kimwe bivuze ko abandi banditsi bashobora gukoresha uyu mushinga muburyo bashaka. Ibintu byose biratandukanye rwose, kuko nta ruhushya rwihariye, programmer nta na rimwe areka uburenganzira bwatanzwe n amategeko. Ni ngombwa kandi guhora twibuka ko uruhushya rugenga uburenganzira ninshingano zose. Ibi ni ukurinda nyir’umurimo ibyo ategereje kubakoresha nicyo garanti iyo ari yo yose isobanura. Erega burya, ntamuntu numwe wifuza ko code zabo zirangirira murukiko muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.

Uburenganzira ni iki

Uburenganzira bugaragara mu muntu gusa iyo, nkibikorwa byibikorwa byubwenge, arema umurimo runaka uzaba wihariye, ariko mugihe kimwe cyingirakamaro, kurugero, urashobora gufata inyandiko ya progaramu imwe. Iyo ibyo byose byavuzwe haruguru birangiye, umuntu aba umwanditsi none afite rwose uburenganzira bwose kuriyi mirimo. Twakagombye kuvuga kandi ko uburenganzira ari umutungo kandi atari umutungo. Itandukaniro ryabo nuko uburenganzira bwumutungo bushobora kwimurwa kubantu bose, ariko uburenganzira butari umutungo uzahora bugumana numwanditsi mubihe byose. Nyuma ya byose, kuba umwanditsi ni uburenganzira budashobora kwimurwa kandi butavogerwa.

Uruhushya rwo gufungura isoko ni uruhe?

Iki nacyo nikibazo gikunzwe cyane mubateza imbere bashya hamwe na programmes, kubera ko batumva gusa impamvu uruhushya rugomba kwomekwa kumishinga yabo, kuko bitabaye ibyo umushinga ushobora kubaho utuje. Ariko, ibi ntabwo arukuri rwose, kuko niba, nkurugero, bamwe mubatezimbere bashya banditse inyandiko zingirakamaro kandi zingirakamaro, ariko ntibayirinde bafite uruhushya, noneho abandi bakoresha bafite ibibazo. Kandi mubyukuri kubwibi, mugihe abakiriya baza kumusanga bagashaka gukoresha iki kode kubikorwa byabo byubucuruzi, babona ko code idafite uruhushya kandi bakabyanga gusa. Ibi biterwa nuko ibigo gusa bitazakoresha code idafite uruhushya, kuko bidakeneye ibibazo byamategeko nabavoka.
Niyo mpamvu n’umushinga w’ingirakamaro kandi woroshye utazigera ushyirwa mubikorwa. Kandi uwatezimbere washakaga gufata iki gice cya code agomba gushakisha no gukoresha ubundi buryo, cyangwa kwandika rwose kode yari imaze kwandikwa nuwashinzwe iterambere mbere. Niyo mpamvu ari byiza kwemeza mbere yuko porogaramu ikoresha neza, kandi cyane, uruhushya rukwiye. Gutohoza GitHub mumashusho imwe ya videwo muminota 15: https://youtu.be/JfpCicDUMKc

Ni uruhe ruhushya rwa GitHub rukwiye mu bihe bimwe – ni gute wahitamo?

Ntabwo hashobora kuboneka igisubizo nyacyo kuri iki kibazo, kubera ko guhitamo uruhushya biterwa gusa nintego z’umushinga no ku byifuzo byawe bwite n’ibyifuzo by’uwitezimbere ubwe. Nkuko mubibona, hariho impushya nyinshi zitandukanye kuri GitHub, kandi cyane cyane, zose ni ubuntu kandi murwego rusange, bivuze ko buri programu ashobora kubona uruhushya rwa
Open Source ruzahuza rwose numushinga we. Ariko, icy’ingenzi, ntitugomba kwibagirwa ko uruhushya rwo gufungura isoko atari code gusa idafite uruhushya. .
_

1. Kurinda cyane.
2. Kurinda intege nke.
3. Uruhushya.

kurinda cyane

Kurinda cyane impushya ni itandukaniro rya GPL. Izi mpushya zisaba uruhushya rwumushinga kimwe no kumenyekanisha kode yinkomoko, utitaye kuburyo code cyangwa umushinga uwo ariwo wose uzakoreshwa cyangwa umaze gukoreshwa.

Kurinda intege nke

Kurinda intege nke impushya akenshi usanga zitandukanye za GPL Ntoya. Muriyo itandukaniro nyamukuru ryimpushya zemewe ni uko hano birakenewe gusa no gutanga uruhushya rwa porogaramu munsi yimpushya za GPL, ndetse no gutanga code yinkomoko nta kabuza. Mugihe kimwe, niba hari isomero mumushinga wa programmer, ni ukuvuga guhuza static cyangwa guhuza imbaraga munsi yuruhushya rwa LGPL, noneho bizanahuzwa nimpushya zose zumushinga wumushinga.
Aho ubwoko bwuruhushya rwa GitHub bwerekanwe [/ caption]

biremewe

Hano hari umubare munini cyane wimpushya zemewe, murwego rwabo impushya zizwi cyane ni MIT, Apache 2.0, na BSD. Hamwe nuburyo butandukanye, izo mpushya zifite ubushobozi bwo kwemerera ikoreshwa rya kode haba mumishinga ifunguye kandi no mubucuruzi nubucuruzi. Ariko, muriki gihe, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ari ngombwa kwerekana umwanditsi wa gahunda yumwimerere.

Izindi mpushya zizwi cyane za GitHub

Usibye aya matsinda atatu yimpushya, hariho nabandi, kurugero, urundi ruhushya rwingirakamaro ni GPLv2 hamwe niyagurwa ryamasomo. Uru ruhushya rushobora kandi gukoreshwa kubikorwa byombi bifungura isoko n’imishinga y’ubucuruzi n’intego. Ikigaragara cyane ni kuri Oracle, ikoresha GPLv2 hamwe niyagurwa rya classpath kugirango yemererwe imishinga yayo ifunguye nibisubizo. Uru ruhushya ni ingenzi kandi ni ingirakamaro, kubera ko impushya zisanzwe za GPL, kurugero, ntizigera zishobora guhangana na bytecode. Nukuvuga ko, bafite ibisobanuro byihariye byo gukusanya no guhuza inzira, bidakwiriye rwose kurindi zindi ndimi zasobanuwe, ururimi rwa Java ruzwi cyane ni mururimi nk’urwo. Ni kubibazo nk’ibi niho hasohotse uruhushya rwihariye GPLv2 hamwe no kwagura amasomo. Nyuma ya byose, ivuga neza kandi neza ko isomero ryasohotse munsi yuru ruhushya rishobora gukoreshwa mumishinga yubucuruzi nintego hamwe nizindi mpushya zose.
Niki kindi ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye
impushya za GitHub .

Ongeraho uruhushya

Nyuma yimpushya zanyuma zatoranijwe, hasigaye gusa kuyongera kumushinga ubwawo. Kugirango ukore iki gikorwa, ugomba kongeramo gusa uruhushya rwatoranijwe munsi yumushinga wumushinga mugihe cyo gushinga umushinga ubwawo cyangwa ikindi gihe icyo aricyo cyose. Ariko no muri iki gikorwa, serivise y’urubuga rwa GitHub yashoboye kwita kubakoresha kandi bakoze uburyo bworoshye bwo kongeramo uruhushya rwa nyuma ndetse no gutangira umushinga ubwawo.
Ariko, ikibabaje, ntabwo aribyose, kubera ko uwatezimbere cyangwa programmer akeneye kugenzura rwose ibintu byose byashingiweho byakoreshejwe mubitekerezo bye cyangwa umushinga. Nukuvuga ko, niba na kimwe mubishobora kurekurwa munsi yimpushya za GPL, noneho rwose umushinga wabateza imbere ugomba kuba uhuje GPL. Kugenzura gutya, porogaramu zateguwe mbere cyangwa ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa muribi. Kurugero, hari igikoresho cyiyi https://github.com/pivotal/LicenseFinder:
Turashobora kuvuga ko gutanga uruhushya ari umurimo utwara igihe, ariko icyarimwe, igikorwa gikenewe mubuzima bwumushinga cyangwa igitekerezo icyo aricyo cyose cya porogaramu. Kugirango uhitemo uruhushya rukwiye, birababaje, ugomba kumara umwanya utari muto, ariko, birakwiye ko umushinga ugenda neza. Nibyiza gushyira guhitamo uruhushya kumwanya wambere mugihe wandika progaramu iyo ari yo yose, kubera ko nukora ibi mugitangira, urashobora kuyobora imbaraga zawe zose muburyo bwiza kandi ukandika progaramu izagenda neza kandi yoroshye kuri benshi abakoresha.