Odinga ukukwazi ngamalayisense we-GitHub: ukukhetha nokungeza kanjani

Amalayisense e-GitHub – sikhuluma ngani? Ukuze udale isofthiwe, umuntu akumele abhale nje kuphela, kodwa futhi anqume ukuthi abasebenzisi noma abathuthukisi banelungelo lokwenzani ngakho. Uma umuntu enza uhlelo lwamahhala kuwo wonke umuntu, wenza isenzo esihle, kodwa noma ubani oyisebenzisayo kuzofanele aphendule ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani. Isibonelo, uma inkampani emisebenzini yayo izosebenza nehhovisi elithile lamahhala (isibonelo, i-LibreOffice), kufanele ikwazi ukufakazela kubahloli ukuthi inelungelo lokwenza njalo. Ukwenza lokhu, kuzokwanela ukwethula ilayisensi efanele. Uma umthuthukisi ekhohlwa ukuwenza, inkampani ingase ibe sesimweni esinzima. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11854” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1024”]
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamalayisensi nezinhlobo zamalayisense[/caption] Lapho udala uhlelo lokusebenza, umthuthukisi kufanele anqume ukuthi iziphi izenzo ngohlelo lwakhe ezizovunyelwa nokuthi yiziphi ezingeke zivunyelwe. Isibonelo, asikwazi ukukhuluma kuphela ngokusebenzisa, kodwa futhi mayelana nokufunda imibhalo yezinhlelo noma ukwenza izinguquko zakho kumkhiqizo wesofthiwe. I-GitHub ingenye yezinsizakalo ezinkulu kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi ngokubambisana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bangasebenza lapha hhayi kuphela mahhala, kodwa nakumaphrojekthi okuhweba. Ngokucacisa ilayisensi efanele, abathuthukisi bazosusa ukungaqondakali kokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani umkhiqizo odaliwe. Inkinga ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamalayisense, futhi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi inketho ongayikhetha esimweni esithile. Akuvamile futhi ukuthi amanye amaphrojekthi angabi nawo amalayisensi.

Kungani udinga ukunikeza amaphrojekthi we-Open Source ku-GitHub

Lapho ecacisa ilayisensi edingekayo, umthuthukisi angahlinzeka ngokulandelayo kuyo:

1. Imigomo yokusebenzisa yohlelo . Angase afake inkokhelo noma, kwezinye noma zonke izimo, avumele ukusetshenziswa kwamahhala.
2. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlelo zenziwa ukuthi zithuthukiswe umphakathi . Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu ofuna ukujwayela imibhalo yohlelo.
3. Lapho imibhalo yohlelo ikhona, abanye bangase benze izinguquko ukuze benze uhlelo lusebenze futhi luthembeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi umbhali angavumela wonke umuntu ukuba enze lokhu, kwezinye izimo unikeza ukuthumela ushintsho kuye, futhi enze izinguquko kuphrojekthi ngokwakhe.
4. Udinga ukunquma ukuthi abantu besithathu bangakwazi yini ukwenza izinguquko kuphrojekthi futhi banikele egameni labo. Lapho wenza lokhu, udinga ukucacisa ukuthi iyiphi ilayisense yomkhiqizo wabo okufanele ube nayo.

Ukuxazulula le mibuzo neminye efanayo, umbhali wohlelo lokusebenza empeleni unquma kakhulu isiphetho sesikhathi esizayo somkhiqizo wesofthiwe awudalile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamalayisensi ezikhona

Ilayisensi yisivumelwano lapho ingxenye eyodwa (umnikezeli welayisensi) isungula umthetho wokuthi enye inhlangano (umnikazi welayisensi) isebenzise umkhiqizo owenziwe nguye. Empeleni, asikhulumi ngokusayina idokhumenti ngamaqembu, kodwa mayelana nesivumelwano esizenzakalelayo namalungelo ahambisanayo nezibopho ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Cishe akukho mingcele ekucaciseni amalungelo nezibopho. Umbandela nje wukuthi kumele bahambisane nomthetho. Ukudala amalayisensi akho kuwumsebenzi onzima, njengoba kufanele uhambisane neminye imithethonqubo. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukukhetha nokusebenzisa eyodwa yezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamadokhumenti anjalo. Empeleni, kuwumkhuba futhi ukusebenzisa amalayisense amaningi. Ngokuvamile, ezimweni ezinjalo, amalayisensi amabili asetshenziswa kanyekanye. Nakuba umlobi wohlelo enelungelo lokuzenzela ngokuzimela imithetho abasebenzisi okufanele bayilandele, nokho, ekusebenzeni, ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zamalayisensi kuye kwathuthukiswa, lapho ungakhetha khona okulungile ezimweni eziningi. Okulandelayo izinketho ezithandwa kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ku-Git Hub ezimweni eziningi. Amalayisense asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Git Hub yilawa:
Umdidiyeli kuzomele akwazi ukukhetha ezohambisana nezinhlelo zakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu ngendlela efanele, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izici ezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile.

Uma umbhali enqaba ukwenza idokhumenti, khona-ke kulokhu kuzosebenza amalungelo okushicilela, ahlinzekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngumthetho wezwe lakhe. Ukungabikho kwelayisensi ngale ndlela akusho ukuthi kukhona okungenziwa ngohlelo. Eqinisweni, isimo esinjalo singabhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zelayisensi.

Ungayikhetha kanjani ilayisensi ye-Github

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufuna inketho efanelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi umhleli enze izidingo zakhe, lapho ezoqhubeka khona nokuthola amalayisense. Okulandelayo, kufanele uzijwayeze nezinketho ezijwayelekile ezifana nesicelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzodinga ukufunda ngokucophelela ulimi olusemthethweni futhi wenze isinqumo sokugcina ngokuthi ilayisensi kufanele ibe yini. Ukuze wenze ukukhetha unolwazi, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yimaphi amalungelo nezibopho ezihlotshaniswa nohlobo oluthile lwelayisensi. Ukuze wenze ukukhetha okufanele, ungasebenzisa izinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi abaqhathanisi. Nazi izibonelo:

1. https://choosealicense.com/. Leli sayithi linemibuzo ehamba phambili yokukhetha inketho efanele kanye nezeluleko ezinemininingwane ukukusiza uqonde izici zokusebenzisa.
2. Ikhasi le-https://opensource.org/licenses linikezelwe ekubuyekezeni izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zamahhala zesofthiwe.
3. Isayithi elithi https://tldrlegal.com/ lingabhekwa njenge-encyclopedia yezinketho zamalayisense ahlukahlukene. Kukhona kokubili ukwakheka okusemthethweni okunembayo namazwana anemininingwane.

[i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11858″ align=”aligncenter” width=”840″]
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamalayisensi ku-https://choosealicense.com/[/caption] Nokho, indlela ekhiqiza kakhulu yokukhetha ukufunda ngokucophelela amadokhumenti omthetho afanelekile. . Nakuba sikhuluma ngemisebenzi edinga abasebenzi abaningi, nokho, ukufunda imibhalo kuzonikeza umthuthukisi zonke izimpendulo ezidingekayo.

Ungeza kanjani ilayisense ku-Github

Ngaphandle kokukhethwa okubanzi kwezinketho zelayisensi ezifakazele ukuthi ziyasebenza futhi zithembekile ekusebenzeni, umthuthukisi angase abe nemibono yakhe mayelana nokuthi ilayisensi yohlelo aludalile kufanele ibe yini. Kulokhu, isevisi inikeza ikhono lokwengeza inguqulo yakho noma ukulungisa ekhona. Ukwengeza ilayisense ku-Github, uzodinga ukulandela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Udinga ukuya ekhasini eliyinhloko lenqolobane yakho.
2. Udinga ukuchofoza inkinobho ukuze wengeze ifayela, bese ukhetha okuthi “Dala ifayela elisha”.
3. Okulandelayo, udinga ukufaka igama lefayela. Ukuze uthole ilayisense, lokhu kungaba okukodwa kwezimbili ongakhetha kuzo: ILACENSE noma LICENCE.md. Lapha ukusetshenziswa kosonhlamvukazi kuyimpoqo.
4. Kwesokudla senkambu yokufaka igama lefayela, chofoza ukuze ukhethe isifanekiso selayisensi.
5. Kumenyu engakwesokunxele sekhasi, khetha umugqa “Engeza ilayisense kuphrojekthi yakho”. Kulokhu, okuhlukile kukhethwa kumadokhumenti akhona.
6. Bese uchofoza kulayini “Buyekeza bese uhambisa”. Bese ufaka imininingwane yesivumelwano sakho.
7. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izengezo noma izinguquko ezenziwe. Okulandelayo, bonisa ukuthi ingabe idokhumenti ekhethiwe ilungisiwe yini noma imayelana nokudala enye inguqulo yelayisensi.

Ngemva kokuqinisekisa izinguquko, umthuthukisi uqedela inqubo yokwenza izinguquko ohlwini lwamalayisense kusevisi ye-Git Hub.

Khetha ilayisensi ye-Github – izibonelo zamalayisense adumile ku-Git Hub

Okulandelayo izinketho ezidume kakhulu. Ngokuqonda amandla nobuthakathaka babo, umhleli uzokwazi ukuthola inketho efanele noma aqonde ukuthi kuseshwa kanjani ngempumelelo.

GPL

Le layisensi ingabizwa ngokuthi enye edume kakhulu. Kuyinto yakudala kulabo abakhiqiza isofthiwe yamahhala. Enye yezidingo eziyinhloko zalo mbhalo ukuthi
ivumela abantu besithathu ukuthi baguqule ngokukhululekile uhlelo , kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo banelungelo lokusabalalisa umphumela kuphela ngaphansi kwelayisensi efanayo. Le layisensi ingaba nezinguqulo ezihlukile. Eyakamuva kulezi ingeyesithathu. I-GPL isetshenziswe abathuthukisi bezinhlelo ezifana nohlelo lokuphathwa kokuqukethwe kwewebhu lwe-Drupal, uhlelo lokuphatha imininingwane ye-MariaDB, umhleli wezithombe ze-InkSkape vector, nezinye. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi i-SQL ayisebenzisi i-GPL kuphela, kodwa futhi nelayisensi yokuhweba.

I-LGPL

Leli gama lihumusheka kokuthi “GNU GPL Lesser General Public License”. Kwabanye onjiniyela, i-GPL ayibafanele, njengoba idala isibopho kubo ukusabalalisa imikhiqizo eshintshiwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi efanayo. Izici zokusetshenziswa kwalolu khetho zingaboniswa ngokuthi inqubo yokunikeza amalayisense okusetshenziswa kwemitapo yolwazi edalwe ngumhleli yenzeka kanjani. Kulokhu, izinketho ezintathu ezilandelayo zicatshangelwa:

1. Uma umtapo wolwazi uhlinzeka ngokusebenza okusha lapho ungekho omunye umtapo wolwazi wezohwebo ongenza okufanayo, khona-ke i-GPL iyinketho engcono kakhulu.
2. Unjiniyela kulabhulali yamahhala usevele usebenzise izinga elikhona. Kule ndawo, kunezinketho zokuhweba ezinemisebenzi efanayo. Kulokhu, kuzoba lula ukukhetha i-LGPL.
3. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinga elisha eliqhudelana nelentengiso, ilayisense ye-Apache iyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.

Leli zinga
livumela ukusetshenziswa kwemitapo yezincwadi ngenjongo yokuthengisa . Uma kwenziwa izinguquko, imigomo nemibandela efanayo kufanele isetshenziselwe ukusatshalaliswa. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa okulula kwekhodi kuvumela izimo ukuthi zishintshe.

I-Eclipse Public License

Lo mbhalo
uvumela ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwamanye amalayisense, okuhlanganisa nawokuthengisa . Umbandela oyinhloko ukuthi emisebenzini eguquliwe, izinto ezintsha zizofakwa kumojula ehlukile. Le layisensi ithole ukuduma ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo e-Java. Isibonelo ulimi lokuhlela lwe-Clojure, uhlaka lokuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-java.

Ilayisensi Yomphakathi ye-Mozilla

Abanye babona lo mbhalo njengokuvumelana phakathi kwe-GPL namalayisense okuhweba. I-MPL idinga
ukufinyelela okuvulekile kumafayela athile . Umkhiqizo wesofthiwe ungaqukatha amanye amafayela ngaphansi kwale layisense namanye ngaphandle kwawo. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa, kuvunyelwe ukubeka ilayisense edingekayo (ngokwesibonelo, ingaba eyentengiso), kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuphela esimweni sokuthi ukufinyelela kumafayela akhishwe ngaphansi kwe-MPL kusazovuleka. Kulokhu, umsebenzisi wokugcina kufanele anikezwe ulwazi mayelana nababhali be-software yasekuqaleni. Ngokuvumelana nale dokhumenti, ihhovisi le-LibreOffice, isiphequluli se-Mozilla neminye imikhiqizo yesofthiwe yakhululwa.

I-Apache License Github

I-AL ibizwa ngokuthi ilayisensi yamahhala. Lesi sici kungenxa yokuthi
asikho isidingo sokukhulula umkhiqizo ophuma kokunye ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo njengangaphambili . Lo mbhalo usetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Apache Software Foundation. Lapho isetshenziswa, okulandelayo kuvunyelwe:

1. Umkhiqizo wesoftware uvunyelwe ukuthi usetshenziselwe izinjongo zokuthengisa.
2. Ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokusebenza kuvunyelwe.
3. Ukusabalalisa okulandelayo kufanele kufake negama lombhali wokuqala.

Ngokwenza okuhlukile okusha, asikho isibopho kubanikazi bamalayisensi ukuthi banikeze ngekhodi yoqobo yomkhiqizo. Ilayisense elinjalo selithole ukuthandwa okukhulu. Lokhu kungaboniswa ngokufaka kuhlu imikhiqizo yesofthiwe eyaziwa kakhulu ekhishwa ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo lwelayisense: isistimu yokusebenza ye-Android, uhlaka oludala izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ku-Java, kanye neseva yewebhu ye-Apache. https://youtu.be/wyZq-EazOmU

Ilayisensi ye-MIT

Abanye babheka le nketho yelayisensi yesofthiwe yamahhala njengethandwa kakhulu. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ibhekwa ngabanye njengokuhambisana okuhle nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi amahhala noma ezentengiso. Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu
yikhono lokushintsha ikhodi, kanye nemvume yokusabalalisa ngaphansi kwamanye amalayisense ngokukhetha kwalowo owenze izinguquko . Imikhiqizo yesofthiwe esebenzisa lo mbhalo yilena: ilabhulali ye-JavaScript ebizwa ngokuthi i-JQuiery, umhleli wombhalo we-Atom, i-AngularJS, uhlaka lokuthuthukisa i-JavaScript. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_11851″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”1906″]
Ukuqhathaniswa kwelayisense ye-Git Hub[/caption]

Amatshe angaphansi kwamanzi

Kwesinye isikhathi umbhali ekuqaleni ukhetha inguqulo eyodwa yelayisensi, futhi kamuva afune ukuyishintsha. Uma edale uhlelo yedwa, ushintsho olunjalo ngeke lube nzima. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho kwakukhona abahlanganyeli abaningi ekuthuthukisweni, khona-ke ngaphandle kwemvume yabo lokhu ngeke kusebenze. Isibonelo, umdali we-Linux, nakuba empeleni wenza isisekelo sesistimu yokusebenza, ngeke akwazi ukushintsha ilayisense ngaphandle kwemvume yabo bonke labo bahleli bezinhlelo ababambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo. Lapho besabalalisa ngaphansi kwe-MPL, labo abenze izinguquko kukhodi abakwazi ukunikeza amafayela ngaphansi kwe-MPL ngaphansi kwelayisensi ehlukile. Ukusetshenziswa kombhalo omusha kuzobhekisela kwamanye amamojula ohlelo.