Iilayisensi zeGitHub – sithetha ngantoni? Ukuze udale isofthiwe, umntu akafanele abhale kuphela, kodwa athathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba abasebenzisi okanye abaphuhlisi banelungelo lokwenza ngayo. Ukuba umntu udala inkqubo yamahhala kumntu wonke, wenza isenzo esihle, kodwa nabani na oyisebenzisayo kuya kufuneka athethelele indlela ayisebenzisa ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkampani kwimisebenzi yayo iya kusebenza kunye neofisi ethile yamahhala (umzekelo, i-LibreOffice), ngoko kufuneka ikwazi ukubonisa ubungqina kubahloli ukuba inelungelo lokwenza njalo. Ukwenza oku, kuya kukwanela ukubonisa ilayisenisi efanelekileyo. Ukuba umphuhlisi uyalibala ukuyiqulunqa, ngoko inkampani inokuba kwimeko enzima. 
Uyongeza njani ilayisenisi kwiGithub
Ngaphandle kokhetho olubanzi lokhetho lwelayisenisi oluye lwabonakala lusebenza kwaye luthembekile ekusebenzeni, umphuhlisi unokuba nezimvo zakhe malunga nokuba kufuneka ibe yintoni ilayisenisi yenkqubo ayenzileyo. Kule meko, inkonzo inikezela ngokukwazi ukongeza inguqulelo yakho okanye ukulungelelanisa esele ikhona. Ukongeza ilayisenisi kwiGithub, kuya kufuneka ulandele la manyathelo:
- Kufuneka uye kwiphepha eliphambili lendawo yakho yokugcina.
- Kufuneka ucofe iqhosha ukongeza ifayile, emva koko ukhethe “Yenza ifayile entsha”.
- Okulandelayo, kufuneka ufake igama lefayile. Kwiphepha-mvume, oku kunokuba yenye yezimbini onokukhetha kuzo: I-LICENSE okanye i-LICENCE.md. Apha ukusetyenziswa koonobumba abakhulu kunyanzelekile.
- Ekunene kwendawo yokufaka igama lefayile, cofa ukukhetha ithempleyithi yelayisensi.
- Kwimenyu kwicala lasekhohlo lephepha, khetha umgca “Yongeza ilayisenisi kwiprojekthi yakho”. Kulo mzekelo, umahluko ukhethwa kumaxwebhu akhoyo.
- Emva koko nqakraza kumgca “Hlaziya kwaye ungenise”. Emva koko faka iinkcukacha zesivumelwano sakho.
- Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ukuba zeziphi izongezo okanye utshintsho olwenziweyo. Okulandelayo, bonisa ukuba ngaba uxwebhu olukhethiweyo lulungisiwe okanye imalunga nokwenza olunye uhlobo lwelayisensi.
Emva kokuqinisekisa utshintsho, umphuhlisi ugqiba inkqubo yokwenza utshintsho kuluhlu lweelayisensi kwinkonzo ye-Git Hub.
Khetha ilayisensi ye-Github-imizekelo yeelayisensi ezidumileyo kwi-Git Hub
Ezi zilandelayo zikhetho ezithandwa kakhulu. Ngokuqonda amandla kunye nobuthathaka babo, umdwelisi weprogram uya kukwazi ukufumana ukhetho olufanelekileyo okanye ukuqonda indlela yokukhangela ngokufanelekileyo.
GPL
Le layisensi inokubizwa ngokuba yenye yezona zidumileyo. Yinto eqhelekileyo kwabo bavelisa isoftware yasimahla. Enye yeemfuno eziphambili zolu xwebhu kukuba
ivumela amaqela esithathu ukuba aguqule ngokukhululekileyo inkqubo , kodwa kwangaxeshanye banelungelo lokusasaza umphumo kuphela phantsi kwelayisenisi efanayo. Eli phepha-mvume linokuba neenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Owokugqibela kwaba ngowesithathu. I-GPL isetyenziswe ngabaphuhlisi beenkqubo ezifana nenkqubo yokulawula umxholo wewebhu yeDrupal, inkqubo yolawulo lwesiseko sedatha ye-MariaDB, umhleli wemizobo ye-InkSkape vector, kunye nezinye. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba i-SQL ayisebenzisi kuphela i-GPL, kodwa kunye nelayisensi yokuthengisa.
LGPL
Eli gama liguqulelwa kwi “GNU GPL Lesser General Public License”. Kwabanye abaphuhlisi, i-GPL ayifanelekanga, njengoko idala uxanduva lokuba basasaze iimveliso ezilungisiweyo phantsi kwelayisensi efanayo. Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kolu khetho zingabonakaliswa ngendlela inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwelayisensi yokusetyenziswa kwamathala eencwadi adalwe ngumdwelisi wenkqubo eyenzekayo. Kule meko, ezi ndlela zintathu zilandelayo ziqwalaselwa:
- Xa ithala leencwadi libonelela ngokusebenza okutsha apho kungekho nelinye ithala leencwadi lezorhwebo elinokwenza okufanayo, ngoko iGPL lolona khetho lulungileyo.
- Umphuhlisi kwithala leencwadi lasimahla sele ephumeze umgangatho okhoyo. Kule ndawo, kukho iinketho zorhwebo ezinemisebenzi efanayo. Kule meko, kuya kuba lula ukukhetha i-LGPL.
- Xa kuziwa kumgangatho omtsha okhuphisanayo neyorhwebo, ilayisenisi ye-Apache yindlela yokuhamba.
Lo mgangatho
uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwamathala eencwadi ngokurhweba . Ukuba uhlengahlengiso lwenziwe, imigaqo kunye nemiqathango efanayo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuhanjiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okulula kwekhowudi kuvumela iimeko ukuba zitshintshe.
ILayisensi yoLuntu ye-Eclipse
Olu xwebhu
luvumela ukuhanjiswa phantsi kwamanye amaphepha-mvume, kuquka nezorhwebo . Umqathango ophambili kukuba kwimisebenzi elungisiweyo, izinto ezintsha ziya kufakwa kwimodyuli eyahlukileyo. Le layisensi ifumene ukuthandwa kuphuhliso lweemveliso kwiJava. Umzekelo lulwimi lweprogram yeClojure, isakhelo sokuvavanya izicelo ze-java.
Ilayisensi yoLuntu lwaseMozilla
Abanye babona olu xwebhu njengesivumelwano phakathi kwe-GPL kunye neelayisensi zorhwebo. I-MPL ifuna
ufikelelo oluvulekileyo kwiifayile ezithile . Imveliso yesoftware inokuqulatha ezinye iifayile phantsi kweli layisensi kunye nezinye ngaphandle kwayo. Emva kokuguqulwa, kuvunyelwe ukubeka ilayisenisi efunekayo (umzekelo, ingaba yintengiso), kodwa oku kunokwenzeka kuphela kwimeko yokuba ukufikelela kwiifayile ezikhutshwe phantsi kwe-MPL kuya kuvuleka. Kule meko, umsebenzisi wokugqibela kufuneka abonelelwe ngolwazi malunga nababhali be-software yokuqala. Ngokuhambelana nolu xwebhu, i-ofisi ye-LibreOffice, i-browser ye-Mozilla kunye nezinye iimveliso zesofthiwe zakhululwa.
Apache License Github
I-AL ibizwa ngokuba yi-liberal free license. Olu phawu lubangelwa ukuba
akukho mfuneko yokukhulula imveliso ephuma phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo njengangaphambili . Olu xwebhu lusetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo yiApache Software Foundation. Xa isetyenziswa, oku kulandelayo kuvumelekile:
- Imveliso yesoftware ivumelekile ukuba isetyenziswe ngakumbi ngeenjongo zorhwebo.
- Ukuguqulwa kwesicelo kuvumelekile.
- Usasazo olulandelayo kufuneka lubandakanye igama lombhali wokuqala.
Ngokwenza uhlobo olutsha, akukho sinyanzelo kubanikazi belayisensi ukuba banike ikhowudi yemveliso yokuqala. Ilayisenisi enjalo iye yafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu. Oku kunokubonakaliswa ngokudwelisa iimveliso zesoftware ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezikhutshwa phantsi kolu hlobo lwelayisenisi: inkqubo yokusebenza ye-Android, isakhelo esenza izicelo zeshishini kwiJava, kunye neseva yewebhu ye-Apache. https://youtu.be/wyZq-EazOmU
Ilayisensi yeMIT
Abanye bacinga ukuba olu khetho lwelayisenisi yesoftware yasimahla yeyona idumileyo. Inzuzo yayo ephambili ithathwa ngabanye ukuba ihambelana kakuhle neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelayisensi zamahhala okanye zorhwebo. Iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu
kukukwazi ukuguqula ikhowudi, kunye nemvume yokusabalalisa phantsi kwamanye amalayisensi ekukhethweni kwalowo wenze utshintsho . Iimveliso zesoftware ezisebenzisa olu xwebhu zezi: ilayibrari yeJavaScript ebizwa ngokuba yi-JQuiery, umhleli wombhalo we-Atom, i-AngularJS, isakhelo sophuhliso lweJavaScript. 
Amatye angaphantsi kwamanzi
Ngamanye amaxesha umbhali ekuqaleni ukhetha enye inguqulelo yelayisensi, kwaye kamva ufuna ukuyitshintsha. Ukuba wadala inkqubo yedwa, utshintsho olunjalo aluyi kuba nzima. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko apho kwakukho abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi ekuphuhlisweni, ngoko ngaphandle kwemvume yabo oku akuyi kusebenza. Ngokomzekelo, umdali weLinux, nangona ngokwenene wenza isiseko senkqubo yokusebenza, akayi kukwazi ukutshintsha ilayisenisi ngaphandle kwemvume yabo bonke abadwelisi abathatha inxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni okuqhubekayo. Xa uhambisa phantsi kwe-MPL, abo benze utshintsho kwikhowudi abanako ukunika iifayile phantsi kwe-MPL phantsi kwelayisenisi eyahlukileyo. Ukusetyenziswa koxwebhu olutsha kuya kubhekisa kwezinye iimodyuli zenkqubo.
