Ibyo ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye impushya za GitHub: uburyo bwo guhitamo no kongeramo

Impushya za GitHub – tuvuga iki? Kugirango ukore software, umuntu ntagomba kubyandika gusa, ahubwo agomba no guhitamo icyo abakoresha cyangwa abitezimbere bafite uburenganzira bwo kubikora. Niba umuntu ashizeho gahunda yubuntu kuri buri wese, aba akora igikorwa cyiza, ariko uyikoresha agomba kwerekana impamvu ayikoresha. Kurugero, niba isosiyete mubikorwa byayo izakorana nibiro bimwe byubusa (urugero, LibreOffice), noneho igomba gushobora kwereka abagenzuzi ko ifite uburenganzira bwo kubikora. Kugirango ukore ibi, bizaba bihagije kwerekana uruhushya rukwiye. Niba uwatezimbere yibagiwe kubikora, isosiyete irashobora kuba mumwanya utoroshye. [ibisobanuro id = “umugereka_11854” align = “aligncenter” ubugari = “1024”]
Gutondekanya impushya nubwoko bwimpushya [/ caption] Mugihe cyo gukora porogaramu, uwashizeho imishinga agomba guhitamo ibikorwa hamwe na gahunda ye bizemerwa nibitemewe. Kurugero, ntidushobora kuvuga kubyerekeye gukoresha gusa, ariko kandi no kwiga ibyanditswe bya porogaramu cyangwa kugira ibyo uhindura kubicuruzwa bya software. GitHub ni imwe muri serivisi nini zo guteza imbere umushinga. Mugihe kimwe, barashobora gukorera hano kubuntu gusa, ariko no mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Mugusobanura uruhushya rukwiye, abitezimbere bazakuraho ibidasobanutse muburyo bwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa byakozwe. Ikibazo nuko hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimpushya, kandi ntabwo byoroshye guhitamo uburyo bwo guhitamo murubanza runaka. Ntibisanzwe kandi ko imishinga imwe n’imwe idafite uruhushya.

Impamvu ukeneye gutanga uruhushya rwo gufungura isoko kuri GitHub

Mugihe ugaragaza uruhushya rusabwa, uwatezimbere arashobora gutanga ibi bikurikira:

1. Amategeko yo gukoresha porogaramu . Bashobora kubamo amafaranga cyangwa, mubihe bimwe cyangwa byose, kwemerera gukoresha kubuntu.
2. Rimwe na rimwe, gahunda zishyirwaho kugirango zitezwe imbere nabaturage . Kuri iki kibazo, ni ngombwa ko umuntu wese ushaka kumenyera inyandiko za porogaramu.
3. Iyo inyandiko za porogaramu zihari, bamwe barashobora guhindura kugirango porogaramu ikore kandi yizewe bishoboka. Rimwe na rimwe, umwanditsi arashobora kwemerera abantu bose gukora ibi, mubindi bihe atanga kumwoherereza impinduka, kandi akagira ibyo ahindura kumushinga wenyine.
4. Ugomba guhitamo niba abandi bantu bashobora guhindura umushinga bagatanga kubwabo. Mugihe ukora ibi, ugomba kwerekana uruhushya ibicuruzwa byabo bigomba kuba bifite.

Gukemura ibyo bibazo bisa, uwanditse porogaramu mubyukuri agena ahazaza h’ibicuruzwa bya software yakoze.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’impushya zibaho

Uruhushya ni amasezerano aho umuburanyi umwe (uwahawe uruhushya) ashyiraho itegeko kurundi ruhande (uwahawe uruhushya) gukoresha ibicuruzwa yaremye. Mubikorwa, ntabwo tuvuga gusinya inyandiko nimpande zombi, ahubwo tuvuga amasezerano yikora hamwe nuburenganzira ninshingano bijyanye no kuyikoresha. Hano ntakintu kibuza kwerekana uburenganzira ninshingano. Gusa icyangombwa nuko bagomba kubahiriza amategeko. Gukora impushya zawe nakazi katoroshye, kuko kagomba guhuzwa nandi mabwiriza. Ibyiza ni uguhitamo no gukoresha bumwe muburyo busanzwe bwinyandiko. Mu myitozo, biramenyerewe kandi gukoresha multilicensing. Kenshi na kenshi, mubihe nkibi, impushya ebyiri zikoreshwa icyarimwe. Nubwo umwanditsi wa porogaramu afite uburenganzira bwo kwigenga yigenga amategeko abayikoresha bagomba gukurikiza, nyamara, mubikorwa, gukoresha umubare munini wimpushya zateye imbere, aho ushobora guhitamo igikwiye mubibazo byinshi. Ibikurikira nuburyo bukunzwe gukoreshwa kuri Git Hub mubihe byinshi. Impushya zikoreshwa cyane kuri Git Hub ni:
Porogaramu agomba kuba ashoboye guhitamo imwe ijyanye na gahunda ye. Kugirango ukore ibi neza, ugomba gusobanukirwa nibiranga ubwoko runaka.

Niba umwanditsi yanze gukora inyandiko, noneho mur’urwo rubanza hazakoreshwa uburenganzira, buteganywa bitemewe n’amategeko y’igihugu cye. Kubura uruhushya muri ubu buryo ntabwo bivuze ko ikintu cyose gishobora gukorwa na gahunda. Mubyukuri, ibintu nkibi birashobora gufatwa nkimwe muburyo bwuruhushya.

Nigute ushobora guhitamo uruhushya rwa Github

Mbere yuko utangira gushakisha uburyo bukwiye, birakenewe ko programu ategura ibyo asabwa, aho azajya akomeza izindi mpushya. Ibikurikira, ugomba kumenyera amahitamo asanzwe ahuye nibisabwa. Nyuma yibyo, uzakenera kwiga witonze ururimi rwemewe kandi ugafata umwanzuro wanyuma kubyo uruhushya rugomba kuba. Kugirango uhitemo neza, ugomba kumva uburenganzira ninshingano bifitanye isano nubwoko runaka bwuruhushya. Guhitamo neza, urashobora gukoresha serivisi zidasanzwe zitwa kugereranya. Dore ingero zimwe:

1. https://choosealicense.com/. Uru rubuga rufite ibibazo byingenzi byo guhitamo amahitamo meza ninama zirambuye zagufasha kumva ibiranga imikoreshereze.
2. Urupapuro rwa https://opensource.org/licenses rwahariwe gusuzuma ibisubizo bitandukanye bya software.
3. Urubuga https://tldrlegal.com/ rushobora gufatwa nka encyclopedia kumahitamo atandukanye. Hano haribisobanuro byemewe n’amategeko nibisobanuro birambuye.

. _
. Nubwo tuvuga ibikorwa bisaba akazi, nyamara, kwiga ibyanditswe bizaha uwatezimbere ibisubizo byose bikenewe.

Nigute ushobora kongerera uruhushya Github

Nuburyo bwo guhitamo byinshi byimpushya byagaragaye ko bifite akamaro kandi byizewe mubikorwa, uwitezimbere ashobora kugira ibitekerezo bye kubijyanye nimpushya za porogaramu yashizeho igomba kuba. Muri iki kibazo, serivisi itanga ubushobozi bwo kongeramo verisiyo yawe cyangwa guhindura iyariho. Kugirango wongere uruhushya kuri Github, uzakenera gukurikiza izi ntambwe:

1. Ugomba kujya kurupapuro nyamukuru rwububiko bwawe.
2. Ugomba gukanda kuri buto kugirango wongere dosiye, hanyuma uhitemo “Kurema dosiye nshya”.
3. Ibikurikira, ugomba kwinjiza izina rya dosiye. Ku ruhushya, ibi birashobora kuba bumwe muburyo bubiri: LICENSE cyangwa LICENCE.md. Hano gukoresha inyuguti nkuru ni itegeko.
4. Iburyo bwa dosiye izina ryinjiza, kanda kugirango uhitemo uruhushya rwicyitegererezo.
5. Muri menu kuruhande rwibumoso bwurupapuro, hitamo umurongo “Ongera uruhushya mumushinga wawe”. Muri iki kibazo, impinduka zatoranijwe mu nyandiko zihari.
6. Noneho kanda kumurongo “Gusubiramo no gutanga”. Noneho andika ibisobanuro byawe byamasezerano.
7. Nyuma yibyo, birakenewe gusobanura icyo ibyongeweho cyangwa impinduka zakozwe. Ibikurikira, erekana niba inyandiko yatoranijwe yarakosowe cyangwa niba ari iyo gukora indi verisiyo yimpushya.

Nyuma yo kwemeza impinduka, uwatezimbere arangiza uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu kurutonde rwimpushya kuri serivisi ya Git Hub.

Hitamo uruhushya Github – ingero zimpushya zizwi kuri Git Hub

Ibikurikira nuburyo bukunzwe cyane. Mugusobanukirwa imbaraga nintege nke zabo, programmer azashobora kubona amahitamo meza cyangwa kumva uburyo bwo gushakisha neza.

GPL

Uru ruhushya rushobora kwitwa imwe mu zizwi cyane. Nibisanzwe kubakora software yubuntu. Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bisabwa muri iyi nyandiko ni uko
yemerera abandi bantu guhindura gahunda ku buntu , ariko icyarimwe bafite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibisubizo gusa ku ruhushya rumwe. Uru ruhushya rushobora kugira verisiyo zitandukanye. Ibishya muri byo ni ibya gatatu. GPL yakoreshejwe nabategura porogaramu nka sisitemu yo gucunga ibikubiyemo byurubuga rwa Drupal, sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko bwa MariaDB, umwanditsi mukuru w’ishusho ya InkSkape, nabandi bamwe. Birashimishije kumenya ko SQL idakoresha GPL gusa, ahubwo ikoresha uruhushya rwubucuruzi.

LGPL

Iri zina risobanurwa ngo “GNU GPL Impushya rusange Rusange rusange”. Kubateza imbere bamwe, GPL ntabwo ikwiye, kuko ibatera inshingano yo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byahinduwe muburenganzira bumwe. Ibiranga ikoreshwa ryiyi nzira birashobora kugaragazwa nuburyo inzira yo gutanga uruhushya rwo gukoresha amasomero yashizweho na programmer iba. Muri uru rubanza, harebwa uburyo butatu bukurikira:

1. Iyo isomero ritanga imikorere mishya aho ntayandi masomero yubucuruzi ashobora gukora kimwe, noneho GPL niyo ihitamo ryiza.
2. Iterambere mubitabo byubusa yamaze gushyira mubikorwa bisanzwe. Muri kano karere, hari amahitamo yubucuruzi afite imirimo isa. Kuri uru rubanza, bizaba byiza guhitamo LGPL.
3. Iyo bigeze kumurongo mushya uhanganye nubucuruzi, uruhushya rwa Apache ninzira nzira.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho
byemerera gukoresha amasomero yubucuruzi . Niba hahinduwe, amagambo amwe agomba gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza. Ariko, gukoresha byoroshye kode bituma ibintu bihinduka.

Gufata uruhushya rusange

Iyi nyandiko
yemerera gukwirakwiza izindi mpushya, harimo n’ubucuruzi . Ikintu nyamukuru gisabwa nuko mubikorwa byahinduwe, udushya tuzashyirwa muburyo butandukanye. Uru ruhushya rumaze kumenyekana mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa muri Java. Urugero ni ururimi rwa porogaramu ya Clojure, urwego rwo kugerageza porogaramu ya java.

Uruhushya rusange rwa Mozilla

Bamwe babona iyi nyandiko nkubwumvikane hagati ya GPL nimpushya zubucuruzi. MPL isaba
kwinjira kumugaragaro dosiye zimwe . Igicuruzwa cya software gishobora kuba kirimo amadosiye amwe munsi yuru ruhushya nayandi atayifite. Nyuma yo guhindura, biremewe gushyira uruhushya rukenewe (urugero, rushobora kuba urw’ubucuruzi), ariko ibi birashoboka gusa mugihe ibisabwa kugirango dosiye zisohoka munsi ya MPL zizaba zifunguye. Muri iki kibazo, umukoresha wa nyuma agomba guhabwa amakuru yerekeye abanditsi ba software yumwimerere. Dukurikije iyi nyandiko, ibiro bya LibreOffice, mushakisha ya Mozilla nibindi bicuruzwa bya software byasohotse.

Uruhushya rwa Apache Github

AL yitwa uruhushya rwubuntu. Iyi miterere iterwa nuko
nta gisabwa kurekura ibicuruzwa biva mu bihe bimwe na mbere . Iyi nyandiko ikoreshwa cyane na Apache Software Foundation. Iyo bikoreshejwe, biremewe ibi bikurikira:

1. Ibicuruzwa bya software biremewe gukoreshwa mubindi bikorwa byubucuruzi.
2. Guhindura gusaba biremewe.
3. Ibikurikiraho bigomba gushyiramo izina ryumwanditsi wambere.

Mugukora ibintu bishya, nta nshingano kubabifitemo uruhushya rwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byumwimerere. Uruhushya nkurwo rwamamaye cyane. Ibi birashobora kugaragazwa no gutondekanya ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane bya software bisohoka muri ubu bwoko bwuruhushya: sisitemu y’imikorere ya Android, urwego rukora porogaramu zikoreshwa muri Java, hamwe na seriveri ya Apache. https://youtu.be/wyZq-EazOmU

Uruhushya rwa MIT

Bamwe batekereza ko uburenganzira bwa software bwubusa aribwo bukunzwe cyane. Inyungu zayo nyamukuru zifatwa na bamwe ko zihuza neza nubwoko butandukanye bwimpushya cyangwa ubucuruzi. Ibyingenzi byingenzi
nubushobozi bwo guhindura kode, kimwe nuruhushya rwo gukwirakwiza munsi yizindi mpushya muguhitamo uwagize impinduka . Ibicuruzwa bya software bikoresha iyi nyandiko ni: isomero rya JavaScript ryitwa JQuiery, umwanditsi wanditse Atom, AngularJS, urwego rwiterambere rwa JavaScript.
Kugereranya uruhushya rwa Git Hub [/ caption]

Urutare rwo mu mazi

Rimwe na rimwe, umwanditsi abanza guhitamo verisiyo imwe y’uruhushya, hanyuma agashaka kuyihindura. Niba yarashizeho gahunda wenyine, noneho impinduka nkizo ntizagorana. Ariko, mugihe habaye abantu benshi bitabiriye iterambere, noneho batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya ntabwo bizakora. Kurugero, uwashizeho Linux, nubwo mubyukuri yakoze ishingiro rya sisitemu y’imikorere, ntabwo azashobora guhindura uruhushya atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya naba programmes bose bagize uruhare mugutezimbere. Iyo gukwirakwiza munsi ya MPL, abahinduye kode ntibashobora gutanga dosiye munsi ya MPL muburenganzira butandukanye. Gukoresha inyandiko nshya bizerekeza ku zindi gahunda module.