I-Junk stocks zizitokhwe eziphawulwa ngeekowuteshini eziphantsi kwi-stock exchange kunye nokungonelanga kwemali. Utyalo-mali kolu khuseleko luthwele imingcipheko ephezulu, kodwa lunokukhokelela kwimbuyekezo ephezulu, ngaphezulu kwe-avareji ye-blue chip return.
Yintoni inkunkuma yesitokhwe – penny stock (penny-stock)
Isitokhwe sepenny sinokubandakanya izabelo ezingadweliswanga kwi-stock exchange. Nangona kunjalo, e-US, abarhwebi bajonga amaphepha axabisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 yeedola, kwaye eYurophu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1. Ngamanye amaxesha kudidi lwenkunkuma, izitokhwe zeenkampani ezinolwelo oluphezulu ziwela kudidi, oluthe lwehla ngokwexabiso okwethutyana kwaye lwafumana ubume bepenny stock. Oku kukwabandakanya amasheya eenkampani ezinemali encinci, ixabiso apho ngokwesiko alidluli kwi-5 yeedola.
- abakhupheli abahambisani nemimiselo yoluhlu lwe-stock exchange , okubangela ukuba ii-IPO zabo ziqhutywe kwiiplatifti ze-OTC;
- izabelo zingathengwa kulowo ukhuphayo ngaphandle kokubandakanya umthengisi okanye ukusebenzisa iibhodi ze-over-the-counter;
- ukusasazeka okukhulu phakathi kwexabiso lokuthengisa kunye nokuthengwa, kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu ngaphakathi korhwebo lwe- intraday , malunga ne-300%, eyenza iphepha libe sisixhobo sokuqikelela;
- imigangatho ephezulu ye-brokerage ye-collateral ngexesha lokubhaliswa kwezithuba ezifutshane xa usenza ukuthengiselana ukuthengisa;
- ubukhulu becala kwi-junk stocks, ngokukodwa ixesha elide lokuthenga izivumelwano zivunyelwe , okukuvumela ukuba wenze inzuzo kuphela ngokunyuka okukhulu kwexabiso labo;
- abathathi-nxaxheba abakhulu abanamdla kwezi zixhobo , ngoko ke abatyali-mali abancinci banokujika inani elikhulu;
- inqanaba eliphantsi le-liquidity – kulula ukuxhaphaza i-asethi, kuba inani elingabalulekanga leentengiselwano zenziwa kubo, kwaye oku kudala umhlaba ochumileyo wemisebenzi yobuqhophololo.
Ukukhokelwa kwezi mpawu, abatyali-mali banokukhetha i-asethi ephezulu yemveliso kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lomngcipheko.
Iintlobo zezabelo zenkunkuma
Uhlalutyo lwesixhobo luphazamiseka kakhulu kukuba izibambiso zibekwe ngaphandle kokutshintshiselana. Akukho mntu unyanzelisa umniki-ncwadi ukuba enze uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo aze apapashe iingxelo zemali ngendlela eyandisiweyo. Iingcaphuno zesitokhwe eziyinkunkuma azibonakali kwiitafile zokusasaza zikawonke-wonke. Ukuhlalutya i-securities, kufuneka unqume ukuba yeyiphi na amaqela amathathu angawo:
Iinkwenkwezi ezikhulayo . Iifemu ezingaziwayo ezingenambali yokusebenza okanye iingxelo zemali. Abanayo i-capitalization enkulu enokubavumela ukuba bafumane umlinganiselo owaneleyo kwi-Moody’s. Ezi zabelo zithathwa njengenkunkuma, nokuba leliphi ixabiso lazo langoku.
Iingelosi eziwileyo. Iifemu eziye zehla kakhulu kumazinga emali, okubangelwe kukudodobala kwemeko yezemali okanye kulawulo olulambathayo kwicala labaphathi. Izibambiso ezinjalo zibonakaliswa ngamathuba aphezulu okubuyisela ixabiso eliphezulu.
Amatyala amakhulu – iinkampani ezisemngciphekweni wokutshona okanye zithathwe ngamaqumrhu amakhulu. Izabelo zabo zithathwa njengezona ziyingozi kakhulu kutyalo-mali.
I-Capital-intensive – iinkampani ezinesimo sezemali ezinzile, kodwa ezinqwenela ukutsala utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo olungenakugcinwa kwiimali-mboleko zebhanki okanye iimali zabo. Izibambiso ezinjalo zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwixabiso kwaye zifumana i-credit rating ephezulu.
Uhlalutyo lwezibambiso ze-penny stack
Izitokhwe zolu luhlu zibonakaliswa ngumsebenzi ophantsi kutshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukukhohlisa, nto leyo eyenza urhwebo lwakudala olunohlalutyo lwegraphical kunye nobuchwepheshe lungenzeki. Isebenzisa uhlalutyo olusisiseko, olubandakanya ukufunda le datha ilandelayo:
- iindaba ezipapashwe yinkampani;
- iindaba zoshishino;
- ingxelo yezemali;
- ulwazi olunikezelwe ngabangaphakathi;
- iimpawu zoqoqosho olukhulu.
Iingcali zincoma ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwi-junk stocks kunye ne-dynamics ebonakaliswe ubukho bokulungelelaniswa kunye ne-stock indices eziphambili ubuncinane kwiinyanga ze-6. Xa utyalo-mali kwezi zixhobo, kufuneka uhlalutye utshintsho malunga nee-chips eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengoko zixhokonxa ukuguquguquka kwicandelo lee-junk securities ezinxulumene necandelo elifanayo lezoqoqosho. 
