Ziziphi iitshiphusi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimarike yemasheya

Ukusebenza kwimarike yokhuseleko ngumsebenzi onobungozi kwaye unobunzima. Ngoko ke, abo benza amanyathelo abo okuqala kwiimarike, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bangenzi impazamo. Amava amabi ahambelana nokulahlekelwa kweemali ezityalo-mali, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ixesha elide, ukuba kungekhona ngonaphakade, ukuphazamisa umnqweno wokutshala imali. Ngoko ke, ukuqala umsebenzi kwiimarike, abarhwebi kufuneka batyale imali kwi-securities encinci yengozi.
Izabelo zeenkampani ezithembekileyo kwiimarike, xa zifunyenwe, ngokuqinisekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba zizise ngokukhawuleza inzuzo enkulu. Kodwa utyalo-mali kubo, ngokwezibalo, ngowona mngcipheko omncinci, kwaye unika uzinzo, nangona kungeyiyo ingeniso ephezulu. Izabelo zeenkampani ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuba yi “blue chips” kwi-professional slang.

Ziziphi iitshiphusi eziluhlaza kwimarike yemasheya

Iitshiphusi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka – igama ngokwalo livela kwiichips zexabiso elikhulu, ezidlalwe kwiikhasino kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Ezi chips zazidla ngokuqhutywa ngabadlali abazizityebi etafileni. Kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe, ukusuka kwi-slang yokudlala, le ngcamango yasuka kwitafile yokudlala ukuya kwimarike yotyalo-mali.

Iitshiphusi eziluhlaza zizabelo zezona nkampani zinesandi esikhulu sezemali ezinobutyebi obuphezulu be-asethi, ezithengiswa kakhulu kwaye zithengwe kwimarike. Njengomthetho, ukuhlawulwa kwezabelo kwizabelo zeenkampani ezinjalo zihlala zingatshintshi, kwaye abanikazi bezabelo banokufumana ingeniso ezinzileyo, nangona encinci, iminyaka emininzi. Kuphela intlekele yehlabathi, imfazwe okanye ezinye iimeko zamandla alinganayo zinokuchaphazela ixabiso lezo zabelo. Njengomzekelo weRussian Federation, ingeniso yemihla ngemihla ye-Gazprom okanye i-SbeBank izabelo kwiimarike zifikelela kumashumi eebhiliyoni, kwaye zinokuthiwa ngokufanelekileyo “ii-chips eziluhlaza”.

Emva koko, umthamo wezorhwebo naphakathi kwabakhuphisana abasondeleyo ngumyalelo wobungakanani obuncinci. Iingcaphuno zexesha langempela kwimakethi ye-blue chip ziyafumaneka kwi-https://investfunds.ru/stocks/

Zeziphi iimfuno ukuze iinkampani zifaneleke ukufumana ubume be-blue chip?

Ukuze izabelo zenkampani zifaneleke kwimo ye-blue chip, inkampani kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• izabelo zakhe zazithandwa kwimarike yamasheya, yaye wayefumana umvuzo okhulayo ngokuthe ngcembe kangangeminyaka eliqela;
• babenezinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa imali;
• izabelo zayo mazibe ngamanzi amaninzi;
• ixabiso lezabelo zenkampani akufuneki lenze utshintsho olukhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha (ukuguquguquka okuphantsi);
• inkampani kufuneka imelwe kwimarike yemasheya ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo;
• iintlawulo zezahlulo kwizabelo yinkampani kufuneka zenziwe rhoqo ngaphandle kokusilela;
• ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-10, inkampani kufuneka ingangeni kwiimeko zeengxaki zangaphakathi ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu ixabiso lezabelo zayo.

Yintoni emisela umthamo wokuthenga kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kwimarike yemasheya

Umthamo wokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kwiimarike zemasheya kuxhomekeke kwiiparameters ezimbini eziphambili:

Ukwenziwa koonobumba abakhulu (ixabiso) lenkampani.

Okukhona iphezulu i-capitalisation yenkampani, kokukhona lilikhulu inani lezabelo zayo ezithengiswayo kwaye zithengwe yonke imihla. Ngokutsho kwinqanaba le-capitalization, iinkampani zaseRashiya zinokwahlulwa zibe zi-echelons:

1. I- echelon yokuqala iquka iinkampani ezinokuthi zibe nenqanaba lemali elilinganiswe kwiitriliyoni zeeruble.
2. Inqanaba lesibini liqulathe iinkampani ezinongxowankulu abanokuba ngamakhulu eebhiliyoni.
3. Kwaye inqanaba lesithathu liyinkampani encinci, ixabiso layo alidluli amashumi eebhiliyoni zeeruble.

Ulwazi malunga ne-capitalisation yamashishini ahlukeneyo inokufumaneka kwi-Moscow Exchange.

Umthamo wokhuseleko ojikelezayo (i-free-float)

Okukhona umkhulu umthamo wezabelo zenkampani ekujikelezweni, kokukhona unyuka umyinge wokuhamba simahla. Ngoko, umzekelo, izabelo zomphuhlisi omkhulu, inkampani ye-PIK yokwakha, ayizona chips eziblue. Nangona inqanaba eliphezulu lemali (malunga ne-870 yezigidigidi zee-ruble), isabelo sezabelo zayo kwi-stock market kuphela i-18% yenani lilonke. Ukuthelekisa, i-Magnit (i-capitalization ye-ruble ye-637 billion), kunye nesabelo sezabelo kwi-stock market, malunga ne-63% yetotali.

Izibonelelo ze-blue chip stocks ngaphezu kwezinye izitokhwe

Iinzuzo eziphambili zezabelo kunye nesimo se “blue chips” ngaphezu kwezinye izibambiso kwi-stock exchange zinokuchazwa.

Inqanaba eliphezulu lokungabinamali kwe “blue chips”

Inqanaba eliphezulu lokungabinamali kwezibambiso lenza ukuba kuthengiswe ngenzuzo ethe kratya, kwaye umthamo wentengiso unokuba ngawo nawuphi na. Uninzi lwabarhwebi babandakanyeka ekuthengeni nasekuthengisweni kwe “chips eziluhlaza”, ngoko ke nayiphi na imisebenzi enezi mpahla zenziwa ngokukhawuleza. Kwangaxeshanye, kokukhona iphezulu i-aliquidity yezabelo, kokukhona isondele kumaxabiso azo emarike ezinokuthengwa okanye zithengiswe.

Ukomelela okuphezulu kweenkampani

Iinkampani ezibandakanyiweyo kuluhlu lwe-blue chip ziinkokeli kumashishini abo kwaye zineenzuzo ezinkulu xa zikhuphisana nabanye abadlali bemarike. Kwilizwe lethu, amaxesha amaninzi ezi ziinkampani zikarhulumente okanye iinkampani ezinesabelo esibalulekileyo sikarhulumente. inkunzi ethathwa njengeqhinga. Oku kunokubandakanya ngokufanelekileyo iinkampani ezinjengeGazprom, Rosneft, Sberbank, njl. Iinkampani ezinjalo zezona zihlawula kakhulu kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kwaye zihlala zithembele kuncedo lukarhulumente xa kukho ingxaki. Iinkampani ezinjalo zidla ngokusebenza kwiimarike ezisele zimisiwe. Ukubonakala kwanoma yimuphi ukhuphiswano olubalulekileyo akunakwenzeka. Ukusukela ekudalweni kweenkampani ezintsha kwezi ndawo kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu ngokwenene. Ezi zinto zenza ukusebenza kweetshiphusi eziluhlaza zizinze ngakumbi kunokusebenza kwabadlali abancinci kwimarike. Banomlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu wozinzo lwezemali kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukulinganisa kwabo ngetyala kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye oku kubavumela ukuba batsale izibonelelo zekhredithi kwinzala ephantsi.

Kwezinye iimarike zamasheya

Amazwe e-EU anesalathiso sawo sokuchonga “ii-chips eziluhlaza” EURO STOXX 50. Ngokusekelwe kuyo, uluhlu lweenkampani ezibandakanyiweyo kule klabhu kumazwe e-EU zibandakanya izigebenga ezinje:

• iVolkswagen;
• Siemens;
• Telefonica nabanye abaninzi.

I-UK isebenzisa i-FTSE 100 index, kunye neenkokheli zoluhlu lwesiNgesi lwe-chips blue yiVodafone, iTobacco, iBurberry. IJapan kunye namazwe akumazantsi-mpuma e-Asia anezawo iindices kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ezabo “iitshiphusi eziluhlaza”. Amaxabiso esitokhwe kwiintengiso zesitokhwe zinokujongwa kwi-intanethi apha https://invesfunds.ru/stocks/

Indlela yokuthenga izabelo zetshiphu eziluhlaza kumtyali-mali wasekhaya

Kukho iindlela ezininzi abatyali-mali abanokuthenga ngazo izabelo zeblue-chip, ezizezi:

1. Thenga inxalenye yepotfoliyo yotyalo-mali ye-ETF esele yenziwe . Le potfoliyo yenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iinxalenye zayo zithengiswa simahla kwaye zithengwe kwimarike yemasheya. Ngoko ke, umtyalo-mali ukhululekile ukuthenga kwi-stock exchange part of portfolio, equka izabelo ze “blue chips”.
2. Hlanganisa ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali ngokwakho , kodwa le ndlela ifuna imali eninzi kakhulu. Ukongezelela, le ndlela idinga ixesha elininzi, kuya kufuneka uvule i-akhawunti yakho ye-brokerage, ufake iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo kwi-PC yakho kwaye uthenge ngokuhambelana ne-Profit index.
3. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage kumazwe angaphandle , enika ngokukhawuleza umtyalo-mali ithuba lokuthenga ngokuthe ngqo “ii-chips blue” zelizwe apho i-akhawunti ikhona khona. Kodwa le ndlela idinga utyalo-mali olukhulu olubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ixabiso lezo zabelo liphezulu kakhulu (ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha, iindleko zesabelo seTesla zazingama-909 eedola), kwaye ziyafumaneka kubatyali-mali abazizityebi.

Ubume kunye nenzuzo ye-Russian blue chip index ukusukela ngo-2021 ngokwe-MOEX:

Iitshiphusi eziluhlaza lolona khetho lulungileyo lotyalo-mali lokuqala

Utyalo-mali kwiitshiphusi eziluhlaza kukuvumela ukuba ungasabeli kuguquko olubalulekileyo lwentengiso, kwaye inqanaba lokutshintshiselana elizinzileyo likuvumela ukuba uzisebenzise njengotyalo-mali olukhuselekileyo lwexesha elide. Kwaye kuyacaca ukuba “iitshiphusi eziluhlaza” azikho mngcipheko kakhulu xa zithelekiswa nezinye izitokhwe. Yonke idatha malunga nobume beetshiphuphu eziluhlaza inokufumaneka kwi-intanethi apha https://invesfunds.ru/stocks/?auto=1