Yakakosha ongororo mumusika wemasheya – theoretical nheyo uye maitiro

Kuongorora kwakakosha kwemusika wemasheya – hwaro, zviratidzi, maturusi, nzira dzekuongorora kwakakosha kwemasheya emakambani, chengetedzo, misika yemari Yakakosha ongororo – yakakosha ongororo, izwi iri rinoreva nzira yekugadzira kufanotaura kwemusika (exchange) inofungidzirwa kukosha kwemakambani. , iyo inobva pakuongororwa kwezviratidzo zvayo. Rudzi urwu rwekuongorora runoshandiswa nevatengesi kuitira kuti vatarise zvine hungwaru kugona kwebhizinesi (kusanganisira kukosha kwezvikamu zvaro). Nekuda kwekuongorora, mutengesi anogona kuongorora kugona kwemari kwekambani, senge:

• mari yose yekambani;
• purofiti yakagamuchirwa nekambani;
• iyo yakazara mambure kukosha kwekambani;
• zvikwereti zvekambani, kubhengi kwayo uye chikwereti chechikwereti;
• huwandu hwemari inoyerera kuburikidza nekambani;
• huwandu hwezvikamu zvakabhadharwa nekambani;
• zviratidzo zvekushanda kwekambani.

Izvo zvinokutendera kuti unyatso ongorora mwero wemhindu uye tarisiro yebudiriro.
Muenzaniso:
Somuenzaniso, funga nezvekutengwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma zvemumba, zvakadai seTV. Mumwe wevatengi anongotenga mudziyo wekutanga wakanyanya kana kushoma wakakodzera maererano nemutengo uye dhizaini.
Mumwe achanyatso funga zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa asati atenga. Iye achasarudza yakanyanya kunaka uye yakavimbika modhi, dzidza kuongororwa kwevatengi, enzanisa tekinoroji yakatarwa, uye chete mushure mekudzidza kwakadzama ndipo iye anotanga kuenzanisa mitengo uye kutsvaga iyo inonyanya kubatsira musanganiswa wemutengo uye mhando. Sarudzo yakadaro maererano nematanho ichave yakakosha ongororo usati watenga TV .

Kuongorora kwakakosha kwemisika yemari – kuti inoshanda sei

Kuongorora kwakakosha kwemusika kwakavakirwa pachokwadi chekuti kukosha chaiko kwemidziyo yekambani kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva pakukosha kwemusika.

Muchiitiko ichi, pane mukana wekuti misika inogona kusakoshesa – kuwandisa kana kusakoshesa zvinhu zvemakambani munguva pfupi. Vateveri vekuongorora kwakakosha vanonyatsogutsikana kuti, pasinei nekuongororwa kusina kunaka kwekukosha kwezvinhu, nguva dzose inodzokera kune yakarurama (chinangwa) mutengo.
Muenzaniso:
Semuenzaniso, funga nezvekuita kweTesla stock. Pasinei nezvakakosha, munguva pfupi, uye kufungidzira kuderera kwemutengo wemugove wakabatana neruzivo rwekuputira uye kushomeka kwemicrochips.
Mukufamba kwenguva, kuchengetedzwa kwayo hakungodzoreri kukosha kwayo kwepamusoro, asiwo kunoratidza kukura kwakasimba, uye kambani inogara ichiwedzera huwandu hwayo hwemari.Naizvozvo, chinangwa chikuru chekushandisa iyo yakakosha yekuongorora nzira ndeyekuona kukosha kwechokwadi kwemidziyo uye kuienzanisa nemutengo wemusika uripo. Kuenzanisa kwakadaro kunoita kuti mutengesi ataure nechivimbo kuchinja kwekukosha kwezvinhu uye nokudaro anozarura mikana yemari. Kuongorora kwakadai hakubatsiri pakudyara kwenguva pfupi, zvisinei, nekudyara kwenguva refu, zvinokutendera kuti unyatso kufanotaura maitiro echinhu pamusika.

Kuongorora kwakakosha uye kwehunyanzvi – misiyano mikuru

Misiyano mikuru pakati pe phenomenal uye technical analysis ndiyo parameters inoongororwa. Saka kana kuongorora kwakakosha kuchifunga, chekutanga, mamiriro emukati emidziyo uye zvisingatarisire mamiriro emutengo wazvino wezvinhu pamusika. Iko kuongorora kwehunyanzvi, pane zvinopesana, kunonyanya kufunga uye kuongorora chete ikozvino mutengo dynamics, iyo inobvumidza iwe kuti uishandise nekubudirira kukuru pakuronga mapfupi ekudyara.

Kupokana nezve “zviri nani” zvakakosha kana hunyanzvi ongororo hazvina musoro. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinoshandiswa kuona maitiro ayo, uye kana kuongorora kwakakosha kusingabatsiri kwekudyara kwenguva pfupi uye kunobatsira zvakanyanya nekudyara kwenguva refu, saka kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi kwakapesana.

Iyo ongororo yehunyanzvi yakagadzirirwa kungoshanda nekudyara kwenguva pfupi.

Kuongorora kwakakosha: zvinangwa uye zvinangwa

Kuti ubudirire kushandisa ongororo yezvakafanotaurwa mumunda wekudyara, zvinodikanwa, kutanga kune zvese, kuona zvinangwa uye zvinangwa zvakaiswa panguva yekuongorora. Chinangwa chekuongorora ndechekugadzirira mutengesi kune shanduko inogona kuitika mukukosha kwezvinhu. Kunzwisisa chikonzero-uye-mhedzisiro hukama hunokonzera kushanduka kwemitengo, uye zvikonzero zvakadaro zvinowanzova kunze. Zviitiko zvakadaro zvinosanganisira:

• geopolitical, social and economic phenomena;
• manzwiro emusika mukuru, tarisiro yebudiriro yehupfumi maererano neimwe nyika;
• njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga uye dzakagadzirwa nevanhu, mamiriro asina kunaka ezvakatipoteredza, kuitika kwaro kwakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwehupfumi;
• kusagadzikana kwemukati nekunze (kurwisana kwevagari vemo, kumukirana, kumukirana, kupandukira, hondo dzekunze uye dzemukati mukati uye kumativi ose enyika);
• zviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika zvemukati (sarudzo dzeparamende uye dzemutungamiri wenyika, mareferendamu, shanduko yevakuru vekutonga, nezvimwewo);
• kuburitsa (kuburitswa) kwezviratidzo zvehupfumi kune nyika dzakakodzera kana maindasitiri.

Nzira dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora kwakakosha

Pakuita ongororo yakakosha, nzira dzinotevera dzinoshandiswa:

Kuenzanisa Nzira muKuongorora Kwakakosha kweMarike Marike

Iyi nzira inobva pakuenzanisa zviratidzo zvehupfumi zvinobudiswa uye zvichiri kutarisirwa. Iyo yakasimba misiyano pakati pezviratidzi izvi, iyo yakanyanya mhirizhonga maitiro evatambi pastock exchange ichave. Uye nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kutungamira kukuvhara kukuru kana kuvhurwa kwekutengeserana munzira dzinopa mari zvakanyanya, izvo zvinotevera kubva kune misiyano yakadai.

Kuongorora Kwemwaka

Chinhu chekushanduka kwemwaka kwemusika wemasheya kunokanganisa zvinhu zviri pairi. Saka kana iri migove, haisi nyaya yekambani yekota yega yega yezvemari nehupfumi yakakosha, asiwo huwandu hwemasheya akatengeswa pamusika mumwaka kana kunze kwemwaka. Makambani anoshanda muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi anowana mari dzakasiyana munguva dzakasiyana dzenguva. Izvi, nekudaro, hazvigone asi kukanganisa kubhadharwa kwedividend,
volatilityuye liquidity of shares. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuenzanisa kwekutengesa zviratidzo nemakambani kunowanzoitwa kwete chete nezviratidzo zvekota yapfuura, asiwo nezviratidzo zvekota imwechete yegore rapera. Ongororo yakafanana inoitwa nemasangano enyika pazviratidziro zveupfumi hwenyika. Mukuwedzera, kushanda ne macroeconomic zviratidzo, nzira dze “kubvisa nguva” dzinoshandiswa, nerubatsiro rwavo, data inogadziriswa. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti unzwisise zvakajeka kuti vakasiyana sei kubva kune zvakajairwa kwekota ino, mwedzi, gore. Pamusoro pezvo, kune nguva dzakaparadzana pakutsinhana panguva iyo kazhinji pane kuvharwa kwakawanda kwezvimwe zvinzvimbo nevanoisa mari (nguva dzakadai dzinosanganisira manheru ezororo reKisimusi). Nguva dzakadai dzinofanirwa kutariswa kana uchiongorora misika yemasheya. Zvechokwadi, mumusika wakaderera, kuvharwa kwakadaro kunogona kutungamirira kune kuchinja kwakanyanya muzvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza. Ehe, kuongororwa kwemwaka chete hakuna kukwana kuita sarudzo yekutenga kana kutengesa zvinhu, asi chinhu chinodiwa paunenge uchiitisa tsvakiridzo yakakosha. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa pakuongorora kwete chete musika wemasheya. Inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya pakuita sarudzo pakutenga nekutengesa midziyo mumari yekunze, zvigadzirwa nemimwe misika.
Somuenzaniso, funga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu apo mwaka wemvura wakareba kwenguva refu wakangoerekana wapfuura. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwechikamu chechirimwa kubva muminda yekotoni, izvo zvinoderedza huwandu hwezvinhu zviripo uye zvinozoita kuti mitengo iwedzere. Saka, nekutevera mwaka uye kuongorora, zvinokwanisika kufanotaura shanduko yakapinza yemitengo yeramangwana rekotoni.

Deductive uye inductive nzira dzekuongorora

Uchishandisa induction, investor anogadzirisa zviratidzo zveakasiyana zviratidzo uye nhau, uye pahwaro hwavo vanovaka fungidziro pamusoro pekugona kuchinja kwemitengo mumisika. Kubvisa kunonyanya kushandiswa pakutengesa mafambiro uye kunowanzo kuverengerwa mukuongororwa kwakakosha kwemasheya. Izvo zvakakosha zveiyi nzira ndeyekuvaka mhedziso – kubva kune general kuenda kune chaiyo. Iyi inzira yakaoma kunzwisisa iyo inogona kupa mhedzisiro mhedzisiro nekuda kwekunyanya kuvimba kwemunhu akaita ongororo mumhedzisiro yavo. Nekudaro, kuderedzwa kunogona kuve kwakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu apo, semuenzaniso, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise zvekuita neEURUSD kana paine kuwedzera kwekuchinja mumisika yeEurope.

Correlation technique

Iyi tekinoroji musanganiswa wakaumbwa pamharadzano yehunyanzvi uye yakakosha ongororo. Chinhu chayo chiri mukuti, nekukura kweimwe yemidziyo, kukosha kweimwe pfuma yakabatana nayo (kana midziyo yakabatana) inogona kuwedzera kana kuderera. Nhasi, kuchinjana kunoshandisa zviratidzo zvinoenderana kuverengera kuwirirana, senge Indcor-Correlation kana OverLay Chati.

Grouping uye generalization nzira

Iyi nzira ndeye yakaoma, nyanzvi-yepamusoro maitiro uye inonyanya kushandiswa nevanoongorora. Inosanganisira kuputsa midziyo mumapoka maererano ne “maitiro” avo pamusika, uye mushure mezvo indekisi yakajairika inoverengerwa pavari. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kuongorora misika nevatambi vakuru uye makambani ekuongorora, asi vatengesi vane ruzivo vanogona kugadzira yavo macroeconomic chiratidzo. Zviratidzo zvakadaro, semuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira indekisi yeDow Jones, yakanyorwa pahwaro hwekuongorora kwakakosha kumakambani makuru makumi matatu anonzi “blue chips”. Kuongorora kwakakosha kwemusika (masheya ekambani, mari, cryptocurrencies): chii, mabhesikeri, akawanda, marudzi uye nzira dzekuongorora: https://youtu.be/fa1xkn7OfZY

Kuongorora kwakakosha – hurongwa uye chimiro

Mutengesi, achiita sarudzo yekudyara, anofanira kutanga apindura akati wandei emibvunzo:

• pamidziyo yaanoronga kutengesa;
• ndeapi mari anosanganisirwa muhuviri (kana akaronga kushanda mumisika yemari);
• ndeapi makambani anosanganisirwa mune inowirirana securities index (painoronga mashandiro mumisika yemasheya);
• nguva yakarongwa yekupedzisa kutengeserana?

Ipapo anofanira kuwana ruzivo (nhau). Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa Kuisa mari, TASS, Dow Jones, Bloomberg, CNN, RBC, kana chero imwe chiteshi chenhau dzehupfumi chinonyatso kuenderana mune yega yega. Iyo ichapa iyo yakanyanya kugadzikana uye yakavimbika huwandu hwe data rekushanda pane zvakarongwa kutengeserana.
Mushure mekugamuchira ruzivo rwakakosha, mutyairi anotora mhedziso nezve mamiriro eindasitiri kana chikamu chemusika chaari kuzoisa mari, uye “kuferefeta” kumashure kwakatenderedza midziyo inodiwa. Mushure meizvi, nguva inosarudzwa, iyo, maererano nekuverenga kwemubhadhari, inonyanya kukodzera kumabasa ekutengesa, nguva yakatarwa inotarwa. Uye mushure meizvozvo, mubhadhari anofanirwa kutendeukira kukarenda yehupfumi. Iyo kalendari yehupfumi ndeimwe yezvishandiso zvikuru zvinoshandiswa mukuongorora kwakakosha, kubva kwaunogona kuwana ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa nezve nyika umo zvinhu zvekufarira kune investor zviripo, uye zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekuburitsa nhau, anonzwisisa zvese. mufananidzo wenzvimbo yemidziyo pamusika.

Matanho ekuongorora kwakakosha

Kuongorora kwakakosha kunogona kukamurwa kuita matanho akati wandei:

Kuongororwa kwemamiriro ehupfumi

Kuongorora kwakadaro kunowanzotanga nekunzwisisa kwehuwandu hwemamiriro ezvinhu mumusika. Semuenzaniso, tora EUR / USD currency pair. Iko kune nguva dzose yakawanda yenhau pamisika yemari yeEurope neAmerica pamapuratifomu ese eruzivo. Uye kuchengetedza kusimba kwakasimba mumari mbiri uye masheya mumisika iyi hakuna kuoma. Uyezve, vaviri vakadaro vakakodzera kune anenge ese maitiro ekutengesa, kusanganisira
swing uye
scalping .. Kana mutengesi akasarudza kuzarura chibvumirano pa EUR / USD, saka, kutanga kune zvose, anofanira kubhadhara kune zvisarudzo mumunda wemari yemari yakaitwa neFed neECB. Masangano anotonga emasangano ose aya anosangana mavhiki matanhatu ega ega. Pamisangano yakadaro, vanosarudza pamusoro pekuchinja kwemari yezvibereko uye vanoita zvisarudzo zvavo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupfumi. Zvichienderana nezvisarudzo izvi, uye nekuzvienzanisa neapfuura, zvinokwanisika kutora mhedziso uye kugadzira fungidziro yekuongorora munzvimbo dzakasiyana, izvo zvinowanzoitwa nenyanzvi dzekuongorora.

Kuongororwa kwemakambani uye zvikamu zvehupfumi

Iyi nhanho yekuongorora kwakakosha kwemusika wemasheya inosanganisira kudzidza kwezviitiko zvemakambani anosarudzwa nemuisi. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kutanga wakanyatso tarisisa nhau dzemakambani uye zviitiko muindasitiri iyo kambani inoita bhizinesi rayo rekutanga.

Kuongorora musika wekuchengetedza, kutanga kune zvese, indices inoshandiswa, senge Industrial Average,
S&P500 , Dow Jones, Nikkei225 nevamwe. Aya ma indices anoumbwa pahwaro hwemabasa emakambani makuru uye akagadzikana zvakanyanya anoshanda mune imwe dunhu.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kuitira kuti zviwedzere kana zvishoma kunyatsoona kuti ndezvipi zvemaindasitiri zvino zvave kutonga mumusika, zvinodiwawo kutarisa uye kuongorora shanduko mumitengo yemaindices ivo pachavo. Asati atanga kutengeserana mashandiro, mutengesi anofanirwa kutarisa iyo chikamu chekarenda, zviri nyore kuona kutanga uye kupera kwemwaka yekubika yemakambani. Iyo kalendari yekugovera zvakare inoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwe data inokanganisa kukosha kwezvinhu uye quote yemaindices.

Kuongororwa kwekukosha kwezvikamu uye zvimwe zvivimbiso

Ichi chikamu chekuongorora kwakakosha kwemusika wemasheya chinotarisa kuita kwemari kwekambani, kusanganisira kukura (kuderera) muhuwandu uye mari yekushandisa, nezvimwe. Kana kwenguva yakareba, pasinei nekunze kwezvinhu, kune tsika yekukura kwakagadzikana kwemari, saka izvi zvinoreva kugadzikana kwepamusoro uye kubudirira kwezvikamu zvekambani munguva refu. Pasinei nokuti munguva pfupi (zuva, vhiki, mwedzi), kukosha kwezvikamu zvekambani zvinogona kuchinja zvose kumusoro uye pasi.

Nzvimbo huru dze data yekuongorora kwakakosha

Kuita ongororo yakakosha, vanoisa mari uye vanoongorora zvemari vanowanzo shandisa masosi e data se:

Nhau uye ongororo yemari

Chekutanga pane zvese, vanoisa mari vanofanirwa kusarudza kuti ndezvipi zviitiko uye mumusika wavanozotevera. Saka mumusika wekutsinhana kwekunze, chero nhau dzakakosha kubva kuUnited States dzichakanganisa dhora, uye nekudaro mwero wekuchinjana weinenge mari dzese. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zviitiko zvakakosha muhupenyu hwekambani yeTesla zvichakanganisa makotesheni emasheya uye zvimwe zvibatiso pamusika wemasheya. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumastock indices, saka asati atanga kuongorora kwakakosha, mutyairi anofanirwa kutsanangura zvakajeka kuti ndeipi yezvikamu zvemusika zvaanoda kuisa mari. Mushure meizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti udzidze chaizvo ruzivo rwakabatana nechero chikamu chakasarudzwa naye.

Mitengo yeCentral Banks yenyika

Paunenge uchiita ongororo yakakosha, zvinodikanwa zvakare kutarisisa mabulletins eCentral Banks yenyika, kunyanya ECB neFRS mundima yemitemo yemari uye mibairo pazvikwereti. Misika inobata zvakanyanya kunenge chero shanduko mune tarisiro, uye ruzivo nezve shanduko mumari yemubereko kana mutemo wemari inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakasimba pakugadziriswa kwemusika. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune Fed (Federal Reserve System), iyo inodzora mari yekuchengetedza uye chero sarudzo dzayo dzinoratidzwa kwete mumusika weUS chete, asiwo mune dzinenge dzese misika.

Mabhangi makuru enyika dzinotungamirira pasi rose:

Dynamics of change in the current rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for the current time.

Economic calendar

Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha masosi ekuwana inodiwa pakuongorora kwakakosha ikarenda reEconomic. Iyo inoratidzira mune yekuona fomu anenge ese maitiro ehupfumi hwemazuva ano, uye kubva kwaunogona kutora dzinenge data rese rinodiwa rekuongorora.

Mishumo yemakambani pamusoro pemigumisiro yemabasa emari nehupfumi

Kudzidza mishumo yeakaunzi uye zvemari zvirevo zvemakambani zvinokutendera iwe kuti uone maparameter ayo ane chekuita nerubatsiro rwemari uye mamwe ma parameter anodiwa pakuongorora kwakadzama. Zvichibva pazviri, mhedziso dzinogona kutorwa nezve tarisiro yekusimudzira kwekambani, kugadzikana kwayo (uye, maererano, kugadzikana kwezvivimbiso zvayo)

Zviratidzo zvinotariswa mukuongorora kwakakosha

Zviratidzo izvi zvinosanganisira:

Macroeconomic zviratidzo

Iyo inonyanya kukosha macroeconomic zviratidzo zviri pasi pechiratidzo chenyeredzi nhatu mumakarenda ndeiyi:

• chisarudzo pamusoro pehuwandu hwemari yeCentral Bank;
• NFP (Kubhadhara Kusiri Kwepurazi)
• indekisi yeurovha;
• indekisi yemutengo wevatengi;
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product).

Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa zviratidzo (multipliers) inoshandiswa pakuongorora kwakakosha

Kuongorora kwakakosha: kuwanda kwemasheya, maitiro ekuwana mastock asina kukosha: https://youtu.be/PgMgKY2Y5U4

Zvinotungamirira zviratidzo

Aya marudzi ezviratidzo anodiwa kuitira kuita fungidziro ine hunyanzvi nezve shanduko dzinogona kuitika mune ramangwana muhupfumi hwenyika. Shanduko mune izvi zviratidzo zvinoratidza shanduko yakanaka kana yakaipa, iyo, neimwe nzira kana imwe, ichabata vese (kana mazhinji emusika zvikamu). Izvi zviratidzo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kufanotaura, pakuita ongororo yakakosha, semuenzaniso, kudzikira, uye ivo vanoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubasa revaongorori nevakuru veCentral Bank masangano epakati kuona iyo vector yebudiriro uye kugadzirisa iyo mari mutemo we. iyo Central Bank. Zvinenge zvakafanana maitiro anoshandiswa nevashambadziri kuvaka kana kugadzirisa maitiro avo mumusika. Aya marudzi ezviratidzo anosanganisira:

• Huwandu hwekugamuchira nyika. mvumo yekuvaka capital. Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwemvumo dzakapihwa, zvinova nani mukana weindasitiri yekuvaka nemamwe maindasitiri ane hukama.

Kuwedzera kwechiratidzo ichi kunoratidza tarisiro yekuderera kwekushaikwa kwemabasa, kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekukweretesa emba, nezvimwe.

• The Consumer Confidence Index inoratidza kuda kwevagari kushandisa mari yavo.

Pahwaro hwayo, mamiriro ezvinhu mumunda webasa rehuwandu hwevanhu uye mamiriro ehupfumi hwehurumende anotsanangurwa.

• Huwandu hwezvikumbiro zvemabhenefiti ekurovha. Chiratidzo chinoratidza kukura (kuderera) kwekushaya basa mune imwe nguva, iyo inowanzoitika muzinga reGDP, kuunganidza kwemitero pamutengo wekutenga, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

lagging zviratidzo

Zviratidzo izvi zvinoratidza shanduko yakatoitika muhupfumi hwenyika nemafambiro azvo nekufamba kwenguva. Zviratidzo izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Kusashanda mwero . Zvinoratidza nhamba chaiyo yevasingashandi munyika panguva yakatarwa.
2. Consumer Price Index . Kuratidza masimba ekuchinja mumutengo webhasiketi revatengi kune imwe nguva yenguva
3. Trade balance . Chiyero chekukosha kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika kune imwe nguva yenguva

Vashandisi vanoshandisa zviratidzo izvi mukuongorora kwavo kuti vasimbise maitiro akasimbiswa pamusika.

Matching zviratidzo

Rudzi urwu rwechiratidzo runoshandiswa pakuita ongororo yakakosha kuwana ruzivo nezve mamiriro azvino ehupfumi hwenyika, izvo zvinobvumira vanoisa mari kuti vagadzire dhayagiramu yakadzama yezvino musika maitiro. Pakati pavo:

• Avhareji yemari inotaridza huwandu hwese mihoro yemunhu, zvisinei nekwakabva.
• Retail sales – inoratidza kuchinja kwehuwandu hwekutengesa kwekutengesa kwezvinhu.
• GDP kukosha kwezvinhu zvese nemasevhisi anogadzirwa munyika pane imwe nguva yakatarwa.

Izvo zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa uye kushandiswa mukuongorora kwakakosha zvinosanganisirawo force majeure (“zviitiko zviri force majeure mamiriro uye zvisingagoni kukanganiswa panguva yakatarwa”). Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Hondo, kurwisana kwemauto emukati nekunze.
• Njodzi dzinokonzerwa nevanhu uye njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga.
• Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, mhirizhonga, mhirizhonga, kumukirana uye zvimwe zviitiko zvekumanikidza.

Muenzaniso
Mienzaniso yeforce majeure inosanganisira iyo coronavirus denda. Iyo panguva ya2019-2021 yakachinja zvakanyanya mamiriro emusika. Saka migove yemakambani ekufambisa akanyura kusvika pakudzikira kwenhoroondo nekuda kwekuvharwa kwemuganhu, uye izvozvi pave nekuwedzera kushoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, migove yemakambani emishonga nemakambani anogadzira michina yekudzivirira biological uye michina yekurapa yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye kukura kwavo kunoenderera mberi kunyangwe kusimudzwa
kwezvirambidzo zveCOVID nedzimwe nyika.Kuongorora kwakakosha kunobva paGDP, inflation uye mhindu, izvi zvitatu zviratidzo zvehupfumi, senge pasina imwe, zvinogona kukanganisa musika.Naizvozvo, pakuita ongororo, ivo vanofanirwa kupihwa yakakosha, yakawedzera kutariswa.