Ayini ama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yesitoko

Ukusebenza emakethe yezibambiso kuwumsebenzi onobungozi futhi oyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, kulabo abenza izinyathelo zabo zokuqala emakethe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungenzi iphutha. Okuhlangenwe nakho okungalungile okuhlotshaniswa nokulahlekelwa kwezimali ezitshaliwe, ngokuvamile isikhathi eside, uma kungenjalo kuze kube phakade, kuqeda isifiso sokutshala izimali. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala umsebenzi emakethe, abahwebi kufanele batshale izimali ezibambiso okungenani eziyingozi.
Amasheya ezinkampani ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu emakethe, lapho etholwe, yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuthi alethe ngokushesha inzuzo enkulu. Kodwa ukutshala izimali kuzo, ngokusho kwezibalo, kuyingozi kakhulu, futhi kunikeza isitebele, nakuba kungeyona imali engenayo ephezulu. Amasheya ezinkampani ezinjalo abizwa ngokuthi “ama-blue chips” ku-slang professional.

Ayini ama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yamasheya

Ama- chips aluhlaza – igama ngokwalo livela ku-chips yenani elikhulu kunawo wonke, adlalwe kumakhasino ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule. Lawa ma-chips ayevame ukusetshenziswa abadlali abacebe kakhulu etafuleni. Futhi kancane kancane, kusukela ku-slang yokudlala, lo mqondo wasuka etafuleni lokudlala waya emakethe yokutshala izimali.

Ama-blue chips angamasheya ezinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenza kahle kwezezimali ezinempahla ephezulu, ethengiswa kakhulu futhi ithengwe emakethe. Njengomthetho, ukukhokhwa kwezabelo kumasheya ezinkampani ezinjalo kuhlala kungashintshiwe, futhi abanikazi bamasheya bangathola imali engenayo eqinile, noma encane, amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Inkinga yomhlaba wonke kuphela, impi noma ezinye izimo zamandla alinganayo ezingathinta inani lalawo masheya. Njengesibonelo se-Russian Federation, inzuzo yansuku zonke ye-Gazprom noma amasheya e-SbeBank emakethe ifinyelela amashumi ezigidigidi, futhi ingabizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi “ama-chips aluhlaza”.

Phela, umthamo wokuhweba ngisho naphakathi kwabancintisana nabo abaseduze kuwumyalelo wobukhulu obuncane. Izingcaphuno zesikhathi sangempela emakethe ye-blue chip ziyatholakala kokuthi https://investfunds.ru/stocks/

Yiziphi izidingo zezinkampani ukuze zifanelekele isimo se-blue chip?

Ukuze amasheya enkampani afanelekele isimo se-blue chip, inkampani kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• amasheya akhe ayedumile emakethe yamasheya, futhi wayethola iholo elikhula kancane iminyaka eminingana;
• yayinezinga eliphezulu losonhlamvukazi;
• amasheya ayo kufanele abe uketshezi oluningi;
• inani lamasheya enkampani akufanele lenze izinguquko ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ukuguquguquka okuphansi);
• inkampani kufanele imelwe emakethe yamasheya isikhathi eside ngokwanele;
• ukukhokhelwa kwezabelo kumasheya yinkampani kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngaphandle kokwehluleka;
• okungenani iminyaka eyi-10, inkampani akumele iwele ezimeni ezibucayi zangaphakathi ezingathinta kakhulu inani lamasheya ayo.

Yini enquma umthamo wokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya

Ivolumu yokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwamasheya ezimakethe zamasheya incike ezimisweni ezimbili eziyinhloko:

I-Capitalization (inani) yenkampani.

Uma iphezulu i-capitalization yenkampani, inani elikhulu lamasheya ayo adayiswa futhi athengwa nsuku zonke. Ngokwezinga lemali, izinkampani zaseRussia zingahlukaniswa ngama-echelons:

1. I- echelon yokuqala ihlanganisa izinkampani ezingaba nezinga lemali elilinganiswa ngama-trillion ama-ruble.
2. Isigaba sesibili siqukethe izinkampani imali yazo engaba izigidigidi ezingamakhulu ambalwa.
3. Futhi isigaba sesithathu yizinkampani ezincane, inani lawo elingadluli amashumi ezinkulungwane zezigidi zama-ruble.

Ulwazi lwemali yamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene lungatholakala ku-Moscow Exchange. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3452″ align=”aligncenter” width=”1203″]
Isikrini se-Finviz sikuvumela ukuthi uhlele izinkampani nge-IPO capital, izabelo – isixhumanisi https://finviz.com/screener.ashx?v=151&f=cap_largeover, fa_div_pos, fa_payoutratio_u50,geo_usa,ipodate_more20&o=pe[/caption]

Umthamo wezibambiso ojikelezayo (i-free-float)

Uma sikhulu inani lamasheya enkampani asakazwayo, likhuphuka izinga le-free-float rate. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, amasheya onjiniyela omkhulu, inkampani yokwakha ye-PIK, awawona ama-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Naphezu kwezinga eliphezulu lemali (cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-870), isabelo samasheya ayo emakethe yamasheya kuphela i-18% yenani eliphelele. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-Magnit (i-capitalization yama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-637), kanye nesabelo samasheya emakethe yamasheya, cishe i-63% yenani eliphelele. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3456″ align=”aligncenter” wide=”659″]
Ivolumu yokuhweba yansuku zonke[/caption]

Izinzuzo zamasheya aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezu kwezinye izitoko

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamasheya ngesimo “se-blue chips” ngaphezu kwezinye izibambiso ku-stock exchange zingabalulwa.

Izinga eliphezulu le-liquidity “ye-blue chips”

Izinga eliphezulu le-liquidity yezibambiso lenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzithengisa ngendlela enenzuzo enkulu, futhi amanani okuthengisa angaba yinoma yimuphi. Abathengisi abaningi bahlanganyela ekuthengeni nasekudayiseni “ama-chips aluhlaza”, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukusebenza ngalezi zimpahla kwenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho inani lemali liphezulu lamasheya, kulapho lisondela khona amanani entengo yemakethe lawo angathengwa noma athengiswe ngawo.

Ukuqina okuphezulu kwezinkampani

Izinkampani ezifakwe ohlwini lwama-chip aluhlaza ngabaholi ezimbonini zabo futhi zinezinzuzo ezibalulekile lapho ziqhudelana nabanye abadlali bemakethe. Ezweni lethu, ngokuvamile lezi yizinkampani zikahulumeni noma izinkampani ezinesabelo esibalulekile sombuso. capital ethathwa njengelisu. Lezi zingafaka ngokufanelekile izinkampani ezifana neGazprom, Rosneft, Sberbank, njll. Izinkampani ezinjalo yizona ezikhokha kakhulu isabelomali, futhi zingahlala zithembele osizweni lukahulumeni uma kuba nenkinga. Izinkampani ezinjalo zivame ukusebenza ezimakethe ezimisiwe. Ukubukeka kwanoma yiziphi izimbangi ezibalulekile akunakwenzeka. Njengoba kwakhiwe izinkampani ezintsha kulezi zindawo kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ngempela. Lezi zinto zenza ukusebenza kwama-chips aluhlaza kuzinze kakhulu kunokusebenza kwabadlali abancane emakethe. Banomkhawulo ophakeme kakhulu wokuzinza kwezezimali futhi, ngokufanele, isilinganiso sabo sezikweletu siphezulu kakhulu, futhi lokhu kubavumela ukuba bahehe izinsiza zezikweletu ngamanani enzalo aphansi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_3460” align = “aligncenter” wide = “795”]
Isisindo sezinkampani ku-Russian blue chip index ka-2021 [/ amazwibela]

Izinzuzo eziphezulu

Imodeli yebhizinisi esungulwe ezinkampanini ezinkulu ibavumela ukuthi bakhokhe izabelo eziphakeme futhi ezijwayelekile. Ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje we-Russian Federation, isimo. izinkampani kufanele zisebenzise okungenani u-50% wenzuzo yazo ukuze zikhokhe izabelo kumasheya. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkampani ezibizwa ngokuthi “ama-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” weRussian Federation zihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngokuthi “izinto zokusetshenziswa”, eziqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lenzuzo, futhi, ngokufanele, izabelo. Lokhu akuvamile ezinkampanini eziningi ezincane – iziqalo zakamuva. Ngokuvamile abakhokhi izabelo noma bakhokhe ngamanani amancane. Izinkampani ezinjalo zinesithakazelo emalini esheshayo kanye nentuthuko esheshayo, ngakho-ke zizama ukutshala inzuzo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwazo emakethe. Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zinkampani zithathe amasheya emakethe engeziwe. [ubunikazi besihloko = ”
TOP-20 Izinkampani zaseMelika ngosonhlamvukazi – ngezabelo nangaphandle kwezabelo [/ amazwibela]

Izinkampani ezinesimo “sama-chips aluhlaza” ezimakethe ezihlukene zezibambiso

Ezimakethe zamasheya ezihlukahlukene, izinkampani amasheya azo anesimo “se-blue chips” zinqunywa:

Emakethe yamasheya yaseRussia

E-Russian Federation, izinkampani zithola isimo se-blue chip ngokusekelwe kunkomba ebalwa yi-Moscow Stock Exchange. Namuhla, lolu hlu luhlanganisa izinkampani eziyishumi nanhlanu ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezweni, okuyilezi:

1. I-Gazprom
2. I-Sberbank
3. Rosneft
4. Lukoil
5. “Yandex”
6. I-Norilsk Nickel
7. “Uzibuthe”
8. “MTS”
9. I-NLMK
10. Novatek
11. “Isigxobo”
12. “Polymetal”
13. Surgutneftegaz
14. “Tatneft”
15. TCS Group

Izilinganiso zama-chips aluhlaza weRussian Federation, e-USA emakethe yezibambiso ngesikhathi sangempela zingabukwa ku-https://www.finam.ru/quotes/

Ama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yamasheya yase-US

E-US, uhlu lwezinkampani amasheya azo “ama-chips aluhlaza” lusungulwa ngesisekelo senkomba ye-Dow Jones. Ukubala le nkomba, idatha emayelana nesimo sezimali sezinkampani ezinkulu ezingama-30 ziyasetshenziswa. Iningi labo lisebenza emkhakheni wamabhange, emkhakheni wokukhiqiza okukhulu kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kanye nezinkampani ezisebenza ngamaketanga okuthengisa. Ezinkampanini ezinjalo, izinga le-capitalization liphezulu, futhi izinga le-liquidity liphezulu kakhulu. Uhlu lwezinkampani ezinjalo luhlanganisa izikhulu zebhizinisi, ezifana nalezi:

• Coca Cola
• I-Boeing;
• I-Nike;
• i-walmart
• Walt Disney nabanye.

Wonke ama-chips aluhlaza wemakethe yesitoko yase-US akhokha izabelo angabaholi baseMelika ku-https://www.proshares.com/funds/nobl_daily_holdings.html:

Kwezinye izimakethe zamasheya

Amazwe e-EU anenkomba yawo yokuhlonza “ama-chips aluhlaza” EURO STOXX 50. Ngokusekelwe kuyo, uhlu lwezinkampani ezifakwe kule kilabhu emazweni e-EU luhlanganisa iziqhwaga ezifana nalezi:

• Volkswagen;
• Siemens;
• Telefonica nabanye abaningi.

I-UK isebenzisa inkomba yayo ye-FTSE 100, futhi abaholi bohlu lwesiNgisi lwama-chips aluhlaza yiVodafone, Ugwayi, uBurberry. I-Japan kanye namazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia anezinkomba zawo futhi, ngokufanele, “ama-chips aluhlaza” awo. Izintengo zesitoko ekuhwebeni kwesitoko zingabukwa ku-inthanethi ku-https://invesfunds.ru/stocks/

Ungawathenga kanjani amasheya e-blue chip kumtshali-zimali wasekhaya

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa abatshalizimali abangathenga ngazo amasheya e-blue-chip, okuyilezi:

1. Thenga ingxenye yephothifoliyo ye-ETF eseyenziwe ngomumo . Le phothifoliyo yakhiwe ngempahla ehlukahlukene, futhi izingxenye zayo zithengiswa mahhala futhi zithengwe emakethe yamasheya. Ngakho-ke, umtshali-zimali ukhululekile ukuthenga engxenyeni ye-stock exchange yephothifoliyo, ehlanganisa amasheya “ama-blue chips”.
2. Hlanganisa iphothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali ngokwakho , kodwa le ndlela idinga imali enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela idinga isikhathi esiningi, uzodinga ukuvula i-akhawunti yakho yomthengisi, ufake izinhlelo ezikhethekile ku-PC yakho futhi uthenge ngokuhambisana nenkomba yenzuzo.
3. Kungenzeka futhi ukuvula i-akhawunti ye-brokerage phesheya , okunikeza ngokushesha umtshali-zimali ithuba lokuthenga ngokuqondile “ama-chips aluhlaza” wezwe lapho i-akhawunti itholakala khona. Kodwa le ndlela idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba inani lamasheya anjalo liphezulu kakhulu (ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, izindleko zesabelo se-Tesla zazingama-$ 909), futhi zitholakala kubatshalizimali abacebile.

Isakhiwo kanye nenzuzo ye-Russian blue chip index kusukela ngo-2021 ngokusho kwe-MOEX:

Ama-chips aluhlaza yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokutshala imali kokuqala

Ukutshala imali kuma-chips aluhlaza kukuvumela ukuthi ungasabeli ekuguquguqukeni okubalulekile kwemakethe, futhi izinga lokushintshisana elizinzile likuvumela ukuthi ukusebenzise njengotshalomali oluphephile lwesikhathi eside. Futhi kuyacaca ukuthi “ama-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” anengozi encane kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izitoko. Yonke idatha ngesimo sama-chips aluhlaza ingatholakala ku-inthanethi kokuthi https://invesfunds.ru/stocks/?auto=1