Algo kutengeserana: hunhu hwayo, nzira dzekutengesa uye njodzi

Parizvino, mashandiro mazhinji pakutsinhana anoitwa uchishandisa marobhoti akakosha, umo maalgorithms akasiyana akaiswa. Iyi nzira inonzi algorithmic trading. Uyu ndiwo maitiro emakumi emakore achangopfuura ayo akachinja musika munzira dzakawanda.

Chii chinonzi algorithmic kutengeserana?

Iyo huru fomu yealgorithmic yekutengesa ndeyeHFT kutengesa. Pfungwa ndeyekupedzisa kutengeserana ipapo ipapo. Mune mamwe mazwi, rudzi urwu runoshandisa mukana wayo mukuru – kukurumidza. Pfungwa yealgorithmic yekutengesa ine mbiri huru tsananguro:

• Algo trading. Iyo autosystem inogona kutengesa pasina mutengesi mune algorithm yakapihwa kwairi. Iyo sisitimu inodiwa kuti ugamuchire purofiti yakananga nekuda kwe auto-kuongororwa kwemusika uye kuvhura zvinzvimbo. Iyi algorithm inonziwo “robhoti yekutengesa” kana “chipangamazano”.
• Algorithmic kutengesa. Kuitwa kwemirairo mikuru mumusika, kana ivo vakangopatsanurwa kuita zvikamu uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuvhurwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yakatarwa. Iyo sisitimu inoshandiswa kufambisa basa remaoko revatengesi pavanenge vachiita kutengeserana. Semuyenzaniso, kana pane basa kutenga 100 zviuru migove, uye unofanira kuzarura zvinzvimbo pamusoro 1-3 migove panguva imwe chete, pasina kukwezva pfungwa muodha zvokudya.

Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, algorithmic kutengeserana ndiko otomatiki kwekushanda kwezuva nezuva kunoitwa nevatengesi, izvo zvinoderedza nguva inodiwa yekuongorora ruzivo rwemasheya, kuverenga masvomhu mamodheru, uye kutengeserana kwakakwana. Iyo sisitimu inobvisawo basa rechinhu chemunhu mukushanda kwemusika (manzwiro, fungidziro, “mutengesi intuition”), iyo dzimwe nguva inoramba kunyange purofiti yeinonyanya kuvimbisa zano.

Nhoroondo yekubuda kwealgorithmic kutengeserana

1971 inoonekwa senzvimbo yekutanga yekutengesa algorithmic (yakaonekwa panguva imwe chete neyekutanga otomatiki yekutengesa system NASDAQ). Muna 1998, US Securities Commission (SEC) yakabvumira zviri pamutemo kushandiswa kwemagetsi ekutengesa mapuratifomu. Ipapo makwikwi chaiwo ehunyanzvi hwepamusoro akatanga. Idzi dzinotevera dzakakosha nguva mukuvandudza kwealgorithmic kutengeserana, idzo dzakakodzera kutaurwa:

• Kutanga kwema2000s. Otomatiki kutengeserana kwakapedzwa mumasekonzi mashoma. Mugove wemusika wemarobhoti wakanga uri pasi pe10%.
• gore ra2009. Iko kumhanya kwekuita kwekuraira kwakaderedzwa kakawanda, ichisvika mamilliseconds akati wandei. Chikamu chevabatsiri vekutengesa chakakwira kusvika ku60%.
• 2012 uye mberi. Izvo zvisingatarisirwi zvezviitiko pakutsinhana zvakakonzera kuwanda kwemhosho mune dzakaomarara algorithms yeakawanda software. Izvi zvakakonzera kudzikiswa kwehuwandu hwekutengesa otomatiki kusvika ku50% yehuwandu. Artificial intelligence tekinoroji iri kuvandudzwa uye iri kuunzwa.

Nhasi, kutengeserana kwepamusoro-soro kuchiri kukosha. Mazhinji maitiro ekuita (somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwemusika) anoitwa otomatiki, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mutoro kune vatengesi. Nekudaro, muchina hausati wakwanisa kutsiva zvachose njere mhenyu uye yakagadzira intuition yemunhu. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana kusagadzikana kwemusika wemari kunowedzera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuburitswa kwenhau dzakakosha dzehupfumi hwenyika. Munguva iyi, zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuti usavimba nemarobhoti.

Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwealgorithmic kutengeserana

Zvakanakira iyo algorithm ndizvo zvese zvakashata zvekutengesa kwemanyorero. Vanhu vanopesvedzerwa zviri nyore nemanzwiro, asi marobhoti haadaro. Iyo robhoti ichatengesa zvakanyanya maererano neiyo algorithm. Kana chibvumirano chinogona kuita purofiti mune ramangwana, iro robhoti richaunza kwauri. Uyewo, munhu haatombokwanisi kunyatsoisa pfungwa dzake pane zvaanoita uye nguva nenguva anoda kuzorora. Marobhoti haana zvikanganiso zvakadaro. Asi ivo vane yavo uye pakati pavo:

• nekuda kwekunyatsoomerera kune algorithms, iro robhoti haigone kuchinjika nekuchinja mamiriro emusika;
• iyo yakaoma yealgorithmic kutengeserana pachayo uye yakakwirira zvinodiwa pakugadzirira;
• zvikanganiso zvealgorithms yakaunzwa iyo robhoti pachayo haigone kuona (izvi, zvechokwadi, zvatova chinhu chemunhu, asi munhu anogona kuona uye kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvake, nepo marobhoti asati akwanisa kuita izvi).

Haufanire kufunga nezvekutengesa marobhoti senzira chete inogoneka yekuita mari pakutengesa, nekuti purofiti yekutengesa otomatiki uye kutengeserana kwemanyorero yave yakada kufanana mumakore makumi matatu apfuura.

Izvo zvakakosha zvealgorithmic kutengeserana

Vatengesi veAlgo (rimwe zita – quantum traders) vanoshandisa chete dzidziso yemukana yekuti mitengo inowira mukati meiyo inodiwa. Iko kuverenga kunobva pane yakapfuura mutengo akateedzana kana akati wandei zvemari zviridzwa. Mitemo ichachinja nekuchinja kwemaitiro emusika.
Algorithmic vatengesi vanogara vachitsvaga kusashanda kwemusika, mapatani eanodzokororwa makotesheni munhoroondo, uye kugona kuverenga ramangwana rinodzokororwa makotesheni. Naizvozvo, kukosha kwealgorithmic kutengeserana kuri mumitemo yekusarudza nzvimbo dzakavhurika uye mapoka emarobhoti. Sarudzo inogona kuva:

• bhuku – kuuraya kunoitwa nemuongorori pahwaro hwemasvomhu uye emuviri mhando;
• otomatiki – inodiwa pakuverengerwa kwemitemo uye bvunzo mukati mechirongwa;
• genetic – pano mitemo inogadzirwa nepurogiramu ine zvinhu zveuchenjeri hwekugadzira.

Mamwe mazano uye utopias nezve algorithmic kutengeserana ingano. Kunyangwe marobhoti haagone “kufanotaura” ramangwana ne100% garandi. Musika haugone kuve usingabatsiri zvekuti kune seti yemitemo inoshanda kune marobhoti chero nguva, chero kupi. Mumakambani makuru ekudyara anoshandisa algorithms (semuenzaniso, Renessaince Technology, Citadel, Virtu), kune mazana emapoka (mhuri) ekutengesa marobhoti anovhara zviuru zvezviridzwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira, inova yekusiyana kwealgorithms, inovaunzira purofiti yezuva nezuva.

Mhando dzeAlgorithms

An algorithm igadziriro yemirairo yakajeka yakagadzirirwa kuita rimwe basa. Mumusika wezvemari, algorithms yemushandisi inoitwa nemakomputa. Kugadzira seti yemitemo, data pamutengo, vhoriyamu uye nguva yekuuraya yeamangwana kutengeserana ichashandiswa. Kutengeserana kweAlgo mumisika nemari yemari yakakamurwa kuva mhando ina huru:

• Statistical. Iyi nzira yakavakirwa pakuongorora kwenhamba uchishandisa nhoroondo yenguva yakatarwa kuona mikana yekutengesa.
• Auto. Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi ndechekugadzira mitemo inobvumira vatori vechikamu vemusika kuderedza ngozi yekutengeserana.
• Executive. Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa kuita mabasa chaiwo ane chekuita nekuvhura nekuvhara mirairo yekutengeserana.
• Straight. Iyi tekinoroji yakanangana nekuwana iyo yakanyanya kumhanya yekusvika kumusika uye kuderedza mutengo wekupinda uye kubatana kwealgorithmic vatengesi kune yekutengesa terminal.

Yakakwira-frequency algorithmic kutengeserana inogona kusarudzwa senzvimbo yakaparadzana yekutengesa mechanized. Chinhu chikuru chechikamu ichi ndechekuwanda kwemaitiro ekugadzira kurongeka: kutengeserana kunopedzwa mumamilliseconds. Iyi nzira inogona kupa zvikomborero zvikuru, asi inotakurawo dzimwe njodzi.

Automated Trading: Robhoti uye Nyanzvi Advisors

Muna 1997, muongorori Tushar Chand mubhuku rake “Beyond Technical Analysis” (pakutanga rainzi “Beyond Technical Analysis”) akatanga kutsanangura mechanical trading system (MTS). Iyi sisitimu inodaidzwa kuti robhoti rekutengesa kana chipangamazano pane zvekutengesa kwemari. Aya ndiwo mamodule esoftware anotarisisa musika, anoburitsa maodha ekutengesa uye anodzora kuitiswa kwemirairo iyi. Kune marudzi maviri emarobhoti ekutengesa zvirongwa:

• otomatiki “kubva” uye “kusvika” – vanokwanisa kuita sarudzo dzakazvimirira pakutengesa;
• izvo zvinopa mutengesi masaini kuti avhure chibvumirano nemaoko, ivo pachavo havatumire maodha.

Panyaya yekutengeserana kwegorgorithm, chete 1st mhando yerobhoti kana chipangamazano inofungidzirwa, uye “super task” yayo ndeyekuitwa kweiyo nzira dzisingakwanisi kana uchitengesa nemaoko.

Iyo Renaissance Institutiona Equlties Fund ndiyo homwe hombe yakazvimiririra inoshandisa algorithmic kutengeserana. Yakavhurwa muUSA neRenaissance Technologies LLC, iyo yakavambwa muna 1982 naJames Harris Simons. The Financial Times yakazodaidza Simons “bhirioni akangwara”.

Marobhoti ekutengesa anogadzirwa sei?

Robhoti anoshandiswa kutengeserana algorithmic mumusika wemasheya zvirongwa zvekombuta zvine hunyanzvi. Kubudirira kwavo kunotanga, kutanga kwezvose, nekuonekwa kwechirongwa chakajeka chemabasa ose ayo marobhoti achaita, kusanganisira mazano. Basa rakatarisana nemugadziri-mutengesi kugadzira algorithm inofunga nezveruzivo rwake uye zvaanoda. Ehezve, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise zvakajeka pamberi pese nuances yeiyo system inogadzirisa matransferensi. Naizvozvo, vatengesi vekutanga havakurudzirwe kugadzira iyo TC algorithm vari voga. Kuti uite tekinoroji yekushandisa marobhoti ekutengesa, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kamwechete mutauro wechirongwa. Shandisa mql4, Python, C#, C++, Java, R, MathLab kunyora zvirongwa.
Iko kugona kuronga kunopa vatengesi akawanda mabhenefiti:

• kugona kugadzira dhatabhesi;
• kutanga uye kuyedza masisitimu;
• ongorora nzira dzepamusoro-frequency;
• gadzirisa zvikanganiso nekukurumidza.

Kune akawanda anobatsira akavhurika maturabhurari nemapurojekiti emutauro wega wega. Imwe yemapurojekiti makuru ekutengesa algorithmic ndeye QuantLib, yakavakwa muC ++. Kana iwe uchida kubatanidza zvakananga kuCurrenex, LMAX, Integral, kana vamwe vanopa mvura kuti ushandise yakakwirira-frequency algorithms, unofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi mukunyora maAPI ekubatanidza muJava. Mukushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuronga, zvinokwanisika kushandisa yakakosha algorithmic yekutengesa zvirongwa kugadzira yakapusa mechini yekutengesa masisitimu. Mienzaniso yemapuratifomu akadai:

• TSLab;
• whelthlab;
• Metatrader;
• S#.Studio;
• multicharts;
• tradestation.

Algorithmic kutengeserana mumusika wemasheya

Misika yemasheya uye yeramangwana inopa mikana yakawanda yeatomatiki masisitimu, asi algorithmic kutengeserana ndiyo yakajairika pakati pemari hombe kupfuura pakati pevanoisa mari. Kune akati wandei marudzi ealgorithmic kutengeserana mumusika wemasheya:

• A system yakavakirwa pakuongorora kwehunyanzvi. Yakagadzirwa kuti ishandise kusashanda kwemusika uye akati wandei zviratidzo kuona mafambiro, mafambiro emusika. Kazhinji zano iri rakanangana nekuita purofiti kubva kune nzira dzekirasi yehunyanzvi hwekuongorora.
• Peya nebhasikiti kutengesa. Iyo sisitimu inoshandisa chiyero chezviridzwa zviviri kana kupfuura (chimwe chazvo i “gwara”, i.e. yekutanga shanduko inoitika mairi, uyezve yechipiri uye inotevera zviridzwa zvinodhonzwa kumusoro) ine yakawandisa muzana, asi isingaenzane ne1. Kana chiridzwa chacho chikatsauka munzira yakapiwa, zvimwe achadzokera kuboka rake. Nekutevera kutsauka uku, iyo algorithm inogona kutengesa uye kuita purofiti kumuridzi.
• Marketmaking. Iri ndiro rimwe zano rine basa rekuchengetedza musika liquidity. Zvekuti chero nguva mutengesi wega kana hedge fund inogona kutenga kana kutengesa chiridzwa chekutengesa. Vagadziri vemusika vanogona kushandisa purofiti yavo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvezviridzwa zvakasiyana uye purofiti kubva mukutsinhana. Asi izvi hazvidziviriri kushandiswa kwemaitiro akakosha zvichienderana nekukurumidza traffic uye data remusika.
• kumhanya mberi. Sechikamu chehurongwa hwakadaro, zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuongorora huwandu hwekutengesa uye kuona maodha makuru. Iyo algorithm inofunga kuti maodha makuru achabata mutengo uye akonzeresa kutengeserana kwakapesana kuti kuoneke kune yakatarisana. Nekuda kwekumhanya kwekuongorora dhata remusika mumabhuku ehurongwa uye mafidhi, ivo vanosangana nekusagadzikana, kuyedza kukunda vamwe vatori vechikamu, uye vanobvuma kushanduka kushoma pakuita maodha akakura kwazvo.
• Arbitration. Uku ndiko kutengeserana uchishandisa zviridzwa zvemari, kuwirirana pakati pavo kuri pedyo kune imwe. Sezvo mutemo, zviridzwa zvakadaro zvine zvidiki zvakatsauka. Iyo sisitimu inotarisisa shanduko yemitengo yezviridzwa zvine hukama uye inoitisa arbitrage mashandiro kuenzanisa mitengo. Muenzaniso: 2 mhando dzakasiyana dzezvikamu zvekambani imwechete inotorwa, iyo inoshandura synchronously ne 100% kuwirirana. Kana kutora zvikamu zvakafanana, asi mumisika yakasiyana. Pane imwe kuchinjana, inosimuka / inodonha zvishoma kumberi pane imwe. Sezvo “wakabata” nguva ino pa1, unogona kuvhura zvibvumirano pa2nd.
• Volatility kutengesa. Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma mhando yekutengeserana, yakavakirwa pakutenga mhando dzakasiyana dzesarudzo uye kutarisira kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kwechimwe chiridzwa. Iyi algorithmic yekutengesa inoda simba rakawanda rekombuta uye timu yenyanzvi. Pano, pfungwa dzakanakisisa dzinoongorora zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kufungidzira pamusoro pekuti ndeupi wavo anogona kuwedzera kushanduka. Vanoisa maitiro avo ekuongorora mumarobhoti, uye vanotenga sarudzo pazviridzwa izvi panguva chaiyo.

Njodzi dzealgorithmic kutengeserana

Kupesvedzera kwealgorithmic kutengeserana kwakawedzera zvakanyanya munguva pfupi yapfuura. Nenzira yomuzvarirwo, mitoo mitsva yokutengesa inotakura dzimwe njodzi dzakanga dzisingatarisirwi kare. HFT kutengeserana kunyanya kunouya nenjodzi dzinoda kuverengerwa.
Iyo ine njodzi zvakanyanya kana uchishanda nema algorithms:

• Mutengo manipulation. Algorithms inogona kugadzirwa kuti ibate zvakananga zviridzwa zvega. Migumisiro pano inogona kuva nengozi zvikuru. Muna 2013, pazuva rekutanga rekutengesa pamusika weBATS wepasi rose, pakanga paine kudonha chaiko mukukosha kwezvibatiso zvekambani. Mumasekondi gumi chete, mutengo wakadzikira kubva pamadhora gumi nemashanu kuenda kumasendi mashoma. Chikonzero chaive chiitiko cherobhoti, iro rakarongedzerwa nemaune kuderedza mitengo yemasheya. Iyi mutemo inogona kutsausa vamwe vatori vechikamu uye kukanganisa zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu pakutsinhana.
• Kubuda kwemari yekushandisa. Kana paine mamiriro anonetsa pamusika, vatori vechikamu vachishandisa marobhoti vanomisa kutengesa. Sezvo mazhinji emirairo achiuya kubva kune-auto-advisers, kune kubuda kwepasirese, izvo zvinokurumidza kuunza pasi makotesheni ese. Migumisiro yekuchinjana kwakadaro “swing” inogona kuva yakakomba zvikuru. Uyezve, kubuda kwemvura kuri kukonzera kutya kwakapararira izvo zvichawedzera mamiriro akaoma.
• Volatility yakakwira zvakanyanya. Dzimwe nguva pane kushanduka kusingakoshi mukukosha kwemidziyo mumisika yese yenyika. Inogona kunge iri kukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo kana kudonha kunotyisa. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anonzi kukundikana kamwe kamwe. Kazhinji chikonzero chekuchinja-chinja maitiro e-high-frequency robots, nokuti mugove wavo wehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevatori vemusika hwakakura zvikuru.
• Kuwedzera mari. Huwandu hukuru hwevanopa mazano emakina vanoda kugara vachivandudza kugona kwavo kwehunyanzvi. Somugumisiro, mutemo wemitero uri kuchinja, izvo, zvechokwadi, hazvibatsiri vatengesi.
• mashandiro enjodzi. Huwandu hukuru hwemaodha anouya panguva imwe chete hunogona kuremedza maseva ehukuru hukuru. Nokudaro, dzimwe nguva panguva yepamusoro yekutengeserana kwekushanda, hurongwa hunomira kushanda, mari yose inoyerera inomiswa, uye vatori vechikamu vanoita kurasikirwa kukuru.
• Chiyero chekufungidzira kwemusika chinodzikira. Marobhoti ane simba rakakura pamitengo yekutengeserana. Nekuda kweizvi, kurongeka kwekufanotaura kunoderedzwa uye hwaro hwekuongorora kwekutanga hunodzikiswa. Zvakare vabatsiri vemotokari vanonyima vatengesi vechinyakare mitengo yakanaka.

Marobhoti ari kushora zvishoma nezvishoma vatori vechikamu vemusika uye izvi zvinotungamira mukuramba zvachose kwekushandisa kwemaoko mune ramangwana. Mamiriro acho achasimbisa nzvimbo yehurongwa hwealgorithms, izvo zvinozoita kuti kuwedzera kwenjodzi dzine chekuita navo.

Algorithmic Forex Kutengeserana

Kukura kwealgorithmic yekunze kutengeserana kwekuchinjana kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuzviitira otomatiki kwemaitiro uye kudzikiswa kwenguva yekuitisa mari dzekunze dzekunze uchishandisa software algorithms. Izvi zvinoderedzawo mari yekushandisa. Forex inonyanya kushandisa marobhoti zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekuongorora nzira. Uye sezvo iyo inonyanyozivikanwa terminal iri MetaTrader chikuva, iyo MQL programming mutauro wakapihwa nevagadziri vepuratifomu yave nzira yakajairika yekunyora marobhoti.

Quantitative Trading

Quantitative trading ndiyo kutungamira kwekutengesa, chinangwa chekugadzira modhi inotsanangura mafambisirwo emhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemari uye inobvumidza iwe kuti uite kufanotaura chaiko. Vatengesi vehuwandu, vanozivikanwawo sevatengesi vehuwandu, vanowanzo dzidza zvakanyanya mumunda wavo: vezvehupfumi, masvomhu, vanogadzira mapurogiramu. Kuti uve mutengesi wehuwandu, unofanirwa kuziva izvo zvekutanga zvemasvomhu manhamba uye econometrics.

Yakakwira frequency algorithmic kutengesa / HFT kutengesa

Iyi ndiyo yakajairika nzira yekutengeserana otomatiki. Chinhu cheiyi nzira ndechekuti kutengeserana kunogona kuitwa nekumhanya kwakanyanya mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana, umo kutenderera kwekugadzira / kuvhara nzvimbo kunopedzwa mukati mesekondi imwe.

HFT transactions inoshandisa mukana mukuru wemakomputa pamusoro pevanhu – mega-yakanyanya kumhanya.

Zvinotendwa kuti munyori weiyi pfungwa ndiStephen Sonson, uyo, pamwe chete naD. Whitcomb naD. Hawks, vakagadzira yekutanga otomatiki yekutengesa mudziyo mu1989 (Automatic Trading Desk). Kunyange zvazvo kugadzirwa kwepamutemo kwekombiyuta kwakatanga chete muna 1998, apo kushandiswa kwemapuratifomu emagetsi pakutengeserana kweAmerica kwakabvumirwa.

Nheyo dzekutanga dzeHFT kutengesa

Kutengeserana uku kunobva pane zvinotevera whales:

• kushandiswa kwe-high-tech systems inochengetedza nguva yekuitwa kwezvinzvimbo pamwero we 1-3 milliseconds;
• purofiti kubva kudiki-kuchinja kwemitengo uye margin;
• kuitwa kwezvikuru-zvikuru-kumhanya-mhanya uye purofiti pane yakaderera chaiyo nhanho, iyo dzimwe nguva isingasviki sendi (kugona kweHFT kwakakura kakawanda kupfuura maitiro echinyakare);
• kushandiswa kwemarudzi ese e arbitrage transactions;
• kutengeserana kunoitwa zvakasimba mukati mezuva rekutengesa, huwandu hwekutengeserana kwechikamu chega chega hunogona kusvika makumi ezviuru.

High Frequency Trading Strategies

Pano iwe unogona kushandisa chero algorithmic yekutengesa zano, asi panguva imwechete kutengeserana nekumhanya kusingasvikike kuvanhu. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yeHFT mazano:

• Kuzivikanwa kwemadziva ane mvura yakawanda. Iyi tekinoroji yakanangana nekuona zvakavanzika (“zvakasviba”) kana maodha akawanda nekuvhura diki bvunzo dzekutengesa. Chinangwa ndechekurwisa kufamba kwakasimba kunogadzirwa nevhoriyamu madziva.
• Kusikwa kwemusika wemagetsi. Mukuita kwekuwedzera liquidity mumusika, purofiti inowanikwa kuburikidza nekutengesa mukati mekupararira. Kazhinji, kana uchitengeserana pamusika wekutengesa, kupararira kuchawedzera. Kana mugadziri wemusika asina vatengi vanogona kuchengetedza chiyero, saka vatengesi vepamusoro-frequency vanofanirwa kushandisa mari yavo kuvhara kugovera uye kudiwa kwechiridzwa. Kuchinjana uye ECNs zvinopa zvidzikiso pamari yekushandisa semubairo.
• Frontrunning. Zita rinoturikira se “mhanya mberi.” Iri zano rakavakirwa pakuongorora kwezvino kutenga uye kutengesa maodha, asset liquidity uye avhareji yakavhurika kufarira. Izvo zvakakosha zveiyi nzira ndeyekuona maodha akakura uye woisa ako madiki pamutengo wakakwira zvishoma. Mushure mekurongeka kwaitwa, iyo algorithm inoshandisa mukana wepamusoro wekuchinja kwemitengo kutenderedza imwe hurongwa hombe kuseta imwe yakakwira kurongeka.
• Yakanonoka Arbitration. Iri zano rinotora mukana wekuwana mukana wekuchinjana data nekuda kwenzvimbo iri padyo nemaseva kana kutorwa kweanodhura akananga kubatanidza kune makuru masaiti. Inowanzoshandiswa nevatengesi vanovimba nevanogadzirisa mari.
• Statistical arbitrage. Iyi nzira yekutengeserana kwepamusoro-soro inobva pakuziva kuwirirana kwezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pepuratifomu kana mafomu anowirirana eassets (currency pair futures and their spot counterparties, derivatives and stocks). Kuita kwakadaro kunowanzoitwa nemabhanga akazvimirira, mari dzekudyara uye vamwe vatengesi vane marezinesi.

High-frequency operations inoitwa mu micro volumes, iyo inobhadharwa nehuwandu hwekutengesa. Muchiitiko ichi, purofiti uye kurasikirwa zvinogadziriswa pakarepo.

Mhedziso yezvirongwa zvealgorithmic vatengesi

Pane chikamu chidiki chesoftware inoshandiswa kune algorithmic kutengeserana uye marobhoti hurongwa:

• TSlab. MuRussia-yakagadzirwa C# software. Inoenderana nevakawanda forex uye stock broker. Kutenda kune yakakosha dhizaini, ine yakapusa uye nyore-kudzidza interface. Iwe unogona kushandisa chirongwa chemahara kuyedza uye kukwidziridza sisitimu, asi kune chaiyo kutengeserana iwe uchafanirwa kutenga kunyoreswa.
• WealthLab. Chirongwa chinoshandiswa kugadzira algorithms muC #. Nayo, unogona kushandisa iyo Wealth Script raibhurari kunyora algorithmic yekutengesa software, iyo inorerutsa zvakanyanya maitiro ekukodha. Iwe unogona zvakare kubatanidza makotesheni kubva kwakasiyana masosi kune chirongwa. Mukuwedzera kune backtesting, kutengeserana kwechokwadi kunogonawo kuitika mumusika wemari.
• r studio. Yakawedzera purogiramu yepamusoro yehuwandu (isina kukodzera kune vanotanga). Iyo software inosanganisa mitauro yakati wandei, imwe yacho inoshandisa yakakosha R mutauro wedata uye nguva yekuteedzera dhizaini. Algorithms uye interfaces inogadzirwa pano, bvunzo uye optimization inoitwa, nhamba uye imwe data inogona kuwanikwa. R Studio ndeyemahara, asi yakakomba. Iyo purogiramu inoshandisa akasiyana akavakirwa-mukati maraibhurari, testers, modhi, nezvimwe.

Maitiro ekutengesa algorithmic

Algo trading ine mazano anotevera:

• TWAP. Iyi algorithm inogara ichivhura maodha pane yakanakisa bhidhi kana mutengo wekupa.
• execution strategy.  Iyo algorithm inoda kutenga kukuru kwezvinhu pamitengo yakayerwa, inowanzo shandiswa nevatori vechikamu vakakura (hedge funds nemabroker).
• VWAP. Iyo algorithm inoshandiswa kuvhura zvinzvimbo muchikamu chakaenzana chevhoriyamu yakapihwa mukati meimwe nguva yenguva, uye mutengo haufanirwe kunge wakakwira kupfuura uremu hwepakati mutengo pakuvhurwa.
• data mining. Iko kutsvaga kwemaitiro matsva ealgorithms matsva. Kusati kwatanga bvunzo, inopfuura 75% yemazuva ekugadzira yaive yekuunganidza data. Mhinduro dzekutsvaga dzinoenderana chete nehunyanzvi uye nzira dzakadzama. Iyo yekutsvaga pachayo inogadziriswa nemaoko uchishandisa akasiyana algorithms.
• iceberg. Inoshandiswa kuisa maodha, iyo yakazara nhamba isingapfuure nhamba inotarwa muparameters. Pakuchinjana kwakawanda, iyi algorithm yakavakirwa mukati meiyo system, uye inokutendera kuti utaure vhoriyamu mune yekurongeka paramita.
• kufungidzira zano. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wakajairwa kune vatengesi vega vanotsvaga kuwana mutengo wakanakisa wekutengesa nechinangwa chekuita purofiti inotevera.

Kudzidziswa uye mabhuku pane algorithmic kutengeserana

Hauzowani ruzivo rwakadai mumapoka echikoro. Iyi inzvimbo yakamanikana uye yakananga. Zvakaoma kutsanangura zvidzidzo zvakavimbika pano, asi kana tikagadzirisa, ipapo ruzivo rwakakosha rwunodiwa kuita algorithmic kutengeserana:

• masvomhu pamwe chete nemhando dzehupfumi;
• programming mitauro — Python, С++, MQL4 (ye Forex);
• ruzivo nezve zvibvumirano zvekutsinhana uye maficha ezviridzwa (sarudzo, remangwana, nezvimwewo).

Iri gwara rinozofanirwa kudzidziswa kunyanya uri wega. Kuti uverenge mabhuku ekudzidzisa nezvenyaya iyi, unogona kufunga nezvemabhuku:

• “Quantum Trading” uye “Algorithmic Trading” – Ernest Chen;
• “Algorithmic yekutengesa uye yakananga kuwana kune iyo shanduko” – Barry Johnsen;
• “Nzira uye algorithms emari yemasvomhu” – Lyu Yu-Dau;
• “Mukati mebhokisi dema” – Rishi K. Narang;
• “Kutengeserana uye kuchinjana: iyo microstructure yemusika yevashandi” – Larry Harris.

Nzira inonyanya kubereka yekutanga maitiro ekudzidza ndeyekudzidza izvo zvekutanga zvekutengesa masheya uye ongororo yehunyanzvi, uye wobva watenga mabhuku ekutengesa algorithmic. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mabhuku mazhinji ehunyanzvi anogona kuwanikwa muChirungu chete.

Pamusoro pemabhuku ane rusaruro, zvichabatsirawo kuverenga chero mabhuku ekuchinjana.

Ngano dzakakurumbira nezve algorithmic kutengeserana

Vazhinji vanotenda kuti kushandisa marobhoti kutengeserana kunogona chete kubatsira uye vatengesi havafanirwe kuita chero chinhu. Chokwadi kwete. Nguva dzose inofanirwa kutarisa robhoti, kuigadzirisa uye kuidzora kuitira kuti zvikanganiso uye kukundikana zvirege kuitika. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti marobhoti haagone kuita mari. Ava ndivo vanhu avo, vangangove, vakambosangana nemarobhoti emhando yakaderera anotengeswa nevanonyengedza mari yekunze. Kune mhando marobhoti mune mari wokutengesera anogona kuita mari. Asi hapana munhu achavatengesa, nokuti vanotounza mari yakanaka. Kutengeserana pamusika wemari kune mukana wakakura wekuwana mari. Algorithmic kutengeserana ndiyo budiriro chaiyo mumunda wekudyara. Marobhoti ari kutora rinenge zuva nezuva basa remazuva ese raimbotora nguva yakawanda.