Uyini umnyombo wenkomba ye-S&P 500, okuyizinkampani ezifakiwe, igrafu yeminyaka engama-20-50

I-SANDARD & POOR’S 500 Index (S&P 500) ingenye yezinkomba zesitoko ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ingafakwa ngokulingana nenkomba ye-Dow Jones. Ngomhla zingama-29 kuMfumfu, 2021, inkomba yafinyelela phezulu, ngakho amathemba ayo mahle impela.

Iyini i-S&P 500

Isifinyezo esithi “S&P 500” sisho inkomba yemakethe yamasheya. Kuleli qophelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulandelela amasheya ezinkampani zase-US ezingama-500. Zonke zihlukaniswa ngezinga elikhulu losonhlamvukazi. Ngenxa ye-SP500, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukusebenza kwemakethe yamasheya. Izophinde ibike ngobungozi kanye nembuyiselo yezinkampani ezinkulu. Inkomba ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngabatshalizimali njengophawu lwemakethe yonke. Iqhathaniswa nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokutshalwa kwezimali. Kusukela ngo-2021, inkomba inembuyiselo emaphakathi ecishe ibe ngu-13% ngonyaka. Ngo-Okthoba walo nyaka, ifinyelele umkhawulo wayo ongokomlando. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani le-intraday high kanye nokuvalwa okuphezulu kwakungu-4,608.08. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_7712” align = “aligncenter” wide = “659”]
s&p 500 namuhla – 12/18/2021[/caption] Wona kanye umqondo wokushintshanisa noma inkomba yesitoko isho inkomba lapho abatshali bezimali benganquma ngayo yonke intengo eguquguqukayo ngesikhathi esisodwa kulo lonke iqembu lamasheya noma ezinye izinhlobo zezimpahla. Ngamanye amazwi, amasheya amaningana acatshangelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, isibonelo, zonke izinkampani ezweni elilodwa, amanani azo ahlanganiswa. Ezokugcina, zona, ziphindaphindwa ngama-coefficient akhethiwe ngokukhethekile. Inani lenombolo lenkomba, uma sithatha isikhathi esihlukile, aliphathi noma yiluphi ulwazi oluwusizo. Abatshalizimali baqapha ukuthi inkomba yentengo yalo lonke iqembu lezimpahla ishintsha kanjani esikhathini esithile. Isikhathi esijwayelekile iminyaka eyi-10. Uma inkomba iqhubeka nokukhula eminyakeni eyi-10, lokhu kuzoba inkomba yokuthi umnotho wezwe usesimweni esihle. Amasheya ezinkampani anamathemba azinzile, futhi, ngokufanele, ukuthenga kwabo kuzoletha inzuzo enhle kumuntu esikhathini esizayo. Inkomba ye-S&P 500 iqukethe amagama ezinkampani ezimbili ezisungula zezimali. Lokhu Kujwayelekile futhi Kubi. Yethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngoMashi 4, 1957. Ngo-1966, itholwe nguMcGraw-Hill. Ngemva kwalokho, inkomba yatholwa izikhathi eziningana ezinye izinhlangano. Manje isiphethwe inkampani yomnikazi we-Dow Jones. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_7730” align = “aligncenter” wide = “696”] Ngemva kwalokho, inkomba yatholwa izikhathi eziningana ezinye izinhlangano. Manje isiphethwe inkampani yomnikazi we-Dow Jones. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_7730” align = “aligncenter” wide = “696”] Ngemva kwalokho, inkomba yatholwa izikhathi eziningana ezinye izinhlangano. Manje isiphethwe inkampani yomnikazi we-Dow Jones. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_7730” align = “aligncenter” wide = “696”]
Ishadi lenkomba ye-SP500 kusukela ngo-1990 kuya ku-2012 [/ amazwibela]

Yini efakwe ku-S&P 500 Index

Inkomba ihlanganiswe kanje. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezingama-500 zase-US ngosonhlamvukazi ziyacatshangelwa. Nokho, kunama-nuances amaningi lapha. Isibonelo, lapho kubalwa, yilawo mavolumu kuphela osonhlamvukazi anokusakazwa kwamahhala emakethe (okungenani amasheya angama-50%) ayacatshangelwa. Izinkampani ezizimele kanye nalezo zinhlangano amasheya azo angakwazi ukuthengwa emakethe yamasheya azinakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasheya afakwe kunkomba kufanele ahlukaniswe ngokungabi namali kwawo. Ngamanye amazwi, kufanele ukwazi ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa amasheya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukwakhiwa kwe-S&P 500 kubuyekezwa njalo ngekota. Izinguquko zithinta kakhulu:

• ukufakwa kanye nokukhishwa kwezinkampani ezithile ohlwini lwezinkomba;
• ukuncipha noma ukwanda kwesabelo samasheya enhlangano kunkomba;

Okwamanje, ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwamanje kwe-S&P 500 kubukeka kanje:

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufunda isihloko, idatha esetafuleni kungenzeka ukuthi isishintshile kakade. Isabelo sezinkampani kunkomba sibalwa kabusha, njengoba sekushiwo, njalo ngekota yonyaka. Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi isisindo esiphelele senkampani kunkomba sisatshalaliswa ngendlela engalingani. Isibonelo, izinkampani eziphezulu ze-10 zenza u-25% kuphela wesisindo esiphelele. Izinhlangano ezingu-15 ezilandelayo ohlwini zizothatha cishe ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu iyonke. Isabelo sezinkampani eziku-TOP-50 sizoba cishe ngama-50%. Isisindo sezinkampani ezingaphansi kohlu lwenkomba, i.e. ithatha izindawo ezingama-400 kuye kwezingama-500, izobe ingasho lutho. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu kusuka ku-0.01 kuya ku-0.05%. Labo. Uma siqhathanisa lezi zibalo netafula, kuvela ukuthi

Isebenza kanjani i-S&P 500

I-S&P 500 iqapha ngokucophelela imali yemakethe yezinkampani ezakha inkomba. Igama elithi “i-market capitalization” lapha libhekisela enanini eliphelele lamasheya akhishwe inkampani. Kulula ukuyibala. Kwanele ukuphindaphinda inani lamasheya inkampani ewakhiphayo ngenombolo yawo. Isibonelo, uma inhlangano inemali yemakethe engama-$100 webhiliyoni, izozuza ngokuphindwe ka-10 inzuzo yenkampani enemali yemakethe engu-$10 billion.

Kusukela ngo-2021, inani lemakethe eliphelele le-S&P 500 lilinganiselwa ku-$27.5 trillion.

Akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi inkomba ikala kuphela amasheya omphakathi. Ayinaki lezo zibambiso ezingezamaqembu okulawula, ezinye izinkampani noma izikhungo zikahulumeni. Ukuze ifakwe kunkomba, inkampani kufanele ibe se-United States of America futhi ibe nemali yemakethe okungenani engu-$8.2 billion. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okungenani amasheya angu-50% kufanele atholakale emphakathini jikelele. Izibambiso kufanele zithengiswe okungenani nge-$1 ngayinye. Izingxenye ezine zokugcina ngaphambi kokufaka inkomba, inhlangano kufanele ibe nenzuzo enhle kuphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abahlaziyi kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi, ngokusho kwezibikezelo, lo mkhuba kufanele uqhubeke phakathi neminyaka embalwa ezayo. Ngokusho kwedatha yango-2021, ukuhlukaniswa ngomkhakha we-S&P 500 kufaka phakathi amanani alandelayo:

• Ubuchwepheshe bolwazi: 27.5%;
• Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo: 14.6%;
• Izinkonzo zabathengi: 11.2%;
• Izinkonzo zokuxhumana: 10.9%;
• Ezezimali: 9.9%;
• Imboni: 7.9%;
• Izimpahla zabathengi: 7.0%;
• Izinsiza: 3.1%;
• Izindlu ezithengiswayo: 2.8%;
• Izinto zokwakha: 2.6%;
• Amandla: 2.5%.

Amagrafu nezincazelo

Inkomba igcina inkambiso yayo yokukhula okuhle, naphezu kwenhlekelele yomnotho ebangelwe yilolu bhubhane.

Abahlaziyi babikezela ukuthi ukukhula kungase kufinyelele ku-8% esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-12. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukho konke ukuba khona kwe-S&P 500 nabanduleli bayo, ukubuyiswa konyaka kwenkomba kwaba + 9.7% .Esikhathini
eside, ngokuvuselelwa njalo kwezabelo, amasheya ezinkampani ezifaka inkomba angakwazi ukukhulisa umnikazi wawo. kuya ku-10% ukubuyisela.

Uyenza kanjani imali nge-S&P 500

Isakhamuzi esivamile se-Russian Federation ngeke sikwazi ukutshala imali ngokuqondile ku-S & P 500. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubomgomo abanikazi benkomba abahambisana nayo ngokuqinile. Kodwa-ke, umuntu angakwazi ukulingisa ukusebenza kwayo ngesikhwama senkomba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamizi zaseRussian Federation zingamane zithenge amasheya ezinkampani eziyingxenye ye-S&P 500. Zizophinde zilethe imali enhle. Abatshalizimali abaningi basebenzisa i-S&P 500 njengenkomba yezomnotho. Iqiniso wukuthi umnotho wase-US uhlukaniswa ngokusimama kwawo. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezifakwe ku-index, etholakala endaweni yaleli zwe, zihlukaniswa ngokuthembeka kwazo kanye namathemba. Lokhu kunikeza abatshalizimali ukuzethemba enanini lamasheya abawathenga kulezi zinhlangano. Njengoba i-S&P 500 ikala kuphela izitoko zase-US, abatshalizimali bayelulekwa ukuthi bangakhohlwa ngezimakethe zamanye amazwe. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-China ne-India banamathemba amahle entuthuko eyengeziwe. Mhlawumbe kunengqondo ukuthenga izibambiso ngezikhathi ezithile okungezinkampani ezitholakala ngamagama kulesi sifunda. Ukutshala imali kwabaqalayo kunkomba ye-S&P 500 – indlela yokutshala imali kunkomba SP: https://youtu.be/ZJrL75jL6rM Abanye abahlaziyi basikisela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, eminyakeni embalwa, amasheya ase-China nase-India angase afinyelele isikhundla esifanayo ne-US amasheya. Ababikezeli abanethemba elikhulu bakholelwa ukuthi izibambiso zizokwazi ngisho nokuzedlula lezi. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kuyizibikezelo nokuqagela nje ezingenaso isisekelo esiqinile. Nokho, akufanele zishaywe indiva. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, isimo somnotho emhlabeni singashintsha kakhulu.

Amasu okuhweba e-S&P 500

Kunenqwaba yamasu okuhweba ahlobene nale nkomba. Lapha, abadayisi basebenzisa uhla olugcwele lwezindlela ezikhona, kusukela ku-scalping kuya ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwezinye izindlela, kunendlela ehlanganisa isiphetho semisebenzi ehloselwe ukuhlangana noma ukwehlukana kokusabalala phakathi kwe-S&P 500 nezinye izinhlobo zama-indices, noma amasheya. Ngokusemthethweni, lolu ngolunye lwezinhlobo zohwebo ngababili, okubhekiselwa ku-hedging.

Okubalulekile okuthathwe ku-S&P 500

1. Iningi labatshalizimali kudala lazi ukuthi ukuba ne-S&P 500, noma ingxenye yesitoko okungeyakho, kuyindlela enhle yokuhlukanisa izitoko zakho. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yokuthi inkomba njengamanje ihlanganisa iningi lemakethe yamasheya.
2. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona usongo lokuwa ngisho namayunithi athembekile kakhulu emakethe yamasheya. Kulokhu, abathengisi bakhetha ukuvula izikhundla ezimfushane.
3. Ku-S&P 500, isikhundla esifushane lapha singamelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuthengiseni i-S&P 500 ETF kuya ekuthengeni izinketho zokubeka kunkomba noma ukuthengisa ikusasa.

Iyini i-S&P 500, ungatshala kanjani kunkomba ye-SnP 500, umbono kaWarren Buffett kunkomba ye-S&P: https://youtu.be/OFRNvRaguoE imali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga ukuthenga amasheya ezinhlangano afakwe kunkomba. I-S&P 500 inamathuba amahle okukhula, okunikeza umuntu othole izibambiso ngokuzinza futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukwanda kweholo lakhe kumasheya.