Ungabheka kuphi izingcaphuno zesitoko sesikhathi sangempela nokuthi ungazifunda kanjani ngendlela efanele

Ungathola kanjani izingcaphuno zamanje zesitoko ku-inthanethi ngesikhathi sangempela, bheka izingcaphuno zesitoko zezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe nezaseRussia eMoscow, eLondon nakwamanye ama-stock exchange, lapho ungathola khona amanani, ukuthi ungafunda kanjani, lapho ungabheka khona izibalo. Izingcaphuno zesitoko zingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu abatshalizimali abazisebenzisayo lapho behweba. Inikeza inkomba yenani lethuluzi lezezimali ngesikhathi sangempela.

Yiziphi izingcaphuno zesitoko

Izingcaphuno zesitoko zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomsebenzi wamanje wokuhweba wenkampani ethile esihwebeni. Phakathi neseshini yokuhweba, abadayisi bangabona zombili izintengo, okungukuthi yiziphi abathengi abazimisele ukukhokha nokuthi yiziphi abathengisi abazimisele ukunikela ngazo, kanye nolunye ulwazi.

Ukuqonda ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitoko zisebenza kanjani 

Intengo ecashuniwe, okuyinani lokugcina lokuhweba lamasheya, isekelwe ezingxoxweni phakathi kwabathengi nabathengisi. Umehluko phakathi kwenani lebhidi nenani lomnikelo waziwa ngokuthi ibhidi/ukusabalala kokucela. Lapho ukusabalala kwehle, amasheya ayoba amanzi amaningi, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nesidingo esikhulu salawo masheya. Ngokuphambene, ukuphakama kokusabalala, kuncipha isidingo. Isilinganiso sesitoko siyinani lokugcina lapho isitoko empeleni esadayiswa khona. Ulwazi olufakwe enanini lesheya lusetshenziswa abatshalizimali nabanye ababambiqhaza bemakethe emalini yamasheya futhi baxoxisane ngezintengo zokuthenga nezokuthengisa. Izilinganiso zesitoko manje seziyatholakala ku-inthanethi ngesikhathi sangempela.

Umlando wezingcaphuno zesitoko

“Izingcaphuno zesitoko” zokuqala zasakazwa ngamakhodi okulawula ama-semaphore eFrance ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ulwazi oluqukethwe lwaluluncane, kuphawulwa kuphela inani lamasheya adayiswa eParis. Itheyiphu yethikha eyalandela ngoNovemba 15, 1867 inikeze izingcaphuno zesitoko ezinemininingwane eminingi yaze yashintshwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Ngaphambi kuka-2001, isitokwe sasicashunwe ngezingxenyana—ngamanye amazwi, u-201⁄2 ngo-$20.50 ($20.50). Ngemuva kuka-2001 kuze kube namuhla, izingcaphuno bezingamadesimali amelela amanani edola. Ushintsho olusuka kumafrakhishini ukuya kumadesimali luphumele ekwehleni okukhulu kwebhidi nokusabalala kokubuza. Ngaphambi kuka-2001, izingxenyana zazisetshenziswa kumakhwotheshini esitoko futhi ukusabalala okuncane kwaba ngu-$1/16 ($0.0625). Kusistimu yedesimali yamanje, ukusabalala okuncane kakhulu kulingana no-$0.01, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-liquidity (ukusabalala okuseduze) emakethe yamasheya. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_16188” align = “aligncenter” wide = “1310”]
Izilinganiso zokwabelana ze-MICEX[/caption] Izingcaphuno eziku-inthanethi zamasheya nezinye izimpahla ku-Moscow Exchange ziyatholakala kokuthi https://www.moex.com/ru/data/ (zonke izinhlu zinwebeka ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi):

Ukubaluleka ekutshaleni imali

Izilinganiso zesitoko zinikeza ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu. Lonke lolu lwazi olwengeziwe kanye nedatha kusiza abatshalizimali ukuthi benze izinqumo zokuhweba ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa. Abatshalizimali baqapha ngeso lokhozi ukuthi isitoko siyenyuka noma siyehla ngentengo, futhi ngokuvamile bagxila ekushintsheni okuhlobene, okugxilwe ngamaphesenti. Kubalulekile ukuthi abatshalizimali babone izinguquko enanini ukuze benze izinqumo zokuthengisa. Izintengo zamanje zibonisa ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sabo bonke abatshalizimali emakethe. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi oluningi ludluliselwa kusuka kuma-stock quotes. Isiphetho esiyinhloko esithathwe ezicaphuni zesitoko yilokho okulindelwe yinkampani esikhathini esizayo. Lapho amanani enyuka, kukhombisa ukwanda kwesidingo samasheya, okusho ukuthi abantu abaningi bayathenga. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ikusasa lenkampani liyathembisa. Ngokuphambene, uma amanani ehla, lokhu kubonisa ukwehla kwesidingo samasheya, i.e. abantu abaningi bayathengisa. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ikusasa elilindelwe yinkampani liya liwohloka. Iqiniso elinjalo libonakala kakhulu ezibuyekezweni zezinzuzo zekota zonke izinkampani zomphakathi okufanele zihambisane nazo. Ezibuyekezweni, izinkampani zishicilela imiphumela yazo yezezimali yekota, kanye nokuphawula kwabaphathi, futhi zibambe izingqungquthela ukuze ziphendule imibuzo yabahlaziyi. Uma usuqonda ukuthi ungayifunda kanjani i-stock quote, uzokwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele zokuhweba. Ukulandelela izingcaphuno zesitoko kusiza ekuboneni amasheya ahlangabezana nemibandela yokuhweba edingekayo, kanye nokudalula amaphethini angasiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokuhweba. okufanele zonke izinkampani zikahulumeni zibambelele kukho. Ezibuyekezweni, izinkampani zishicilela imiphumela yazo yezezimali yekota, kanye nokuphawula kwabaphathi, futhi zibambe izingqungquthela ukuze ziphendule imibuzo yabahlaziyi. Uma usuqonda ukuthi ungayifunda kanjani i-stock quote, uzokwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele zokuhweba. Ukulandelela izingcaphuno zesitoko kusiza ekuboneni amasheya ahlangabezana nemibandela yokuhweba edingekayo, kanye nokudalula amaphethini angasiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokuhweba. okufanele zonke izinkampani zikahulumeni zibambelele kukho. Ezibuyekezweni, izinkampani zishicilela imiphumela yazo yezezimali yekota, kanye nokuphawula kwabaphathi, futhi zibambe izingqungquthela ukuze ziphendule imibuzo yabahlaziyi. Uma usuqonda ukuthi ungayifunda kanjani i-stock quote, uzokwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele zokuhweba. Ukulandelela izingcaphuno zesitoko kusiza ekuboneni amasheya ahlangabezana nemibandela yokuhweba edingekayo, kanye nokudalula amaphethini angasiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokuhweba.

Imaphi amapharamitha akukhwothi yesitoko

Okulandelayo yimigomo engabonwa kumakhwotheshini esitoko:

1. Ithikha wuphawu lwesitoko olukhomba inkampani.
2. Vala/Intengo Yamanje – intengo esigabeni sokuvala sohwebo lwangaphambilini (ekupheleni kosuku lwangaphambilini).
3. I-EPS (TTM) : Isifinyezo senzuzo ngesheya ngalinye, esilingana nesamba semali etholwayo yenkampani ehlukaniswa ngamasheya asele. Inani eliphakeme lisho ukuthi inkampani yenza inzuzo enkulu.
4. 52W high/low ububanzi bezintengo eziphansi neziphezulu ngesheya ngonyaka odlule.
5. I-P/E – Isilinganiso senani/amaholo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lesitoko.
6. I- Div – izabelo ezikhokhwe ngesheya ngalinye.
7. I- EPS – Iholo ngesheya ngalinye.
8. % Isivuno – Isivuno.
9. Ivolumu – Ivolumu (inani lamasheya adayiswa esihwebeni ngosuku olwedlule).
10. Phezulu/Phansi – Inani eliphakeme nelincane losuku lwangaphambilini.
11. I-Net chg – Izindleko esigabeni sokuvula ezohwebo ezintsha.
12. Amasheya – Inani lamasheya aphethwe abatshalizimali.
13. I-Mkt cap – Imali yemakethe (inani eliphelele lenkampani emakethe).

Ungabheka kuphi izingcaphuno ze-inthanethi zamasheya angaphandle naseRussia nokuthi ungafunda kanjani idatha ngendlela efanele

Ukubheka izingcaphuno, kufanele usebenzise izinsiza zezimali. Kukhona amasayithi akhokhelwayo namahhala lapho ungabheka khona izingcaphuno. Amasayithi amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-Google, i-MSN, ne-Yahoo, anikeza idatha yamahhala. Lezi zingosi zihlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe kanye nezithombe ezingatholakali kwabezindaba.

Kumasheya aseRussia nakwamanye amazwe, izingcaphuno zingabonwa kumawebhusayithi alandelayo:

1. https://www.finam.ru – Ukuhwebelana kwaseMelika nomhlaba.
2. https://bcs-express.ru/ – izingcaphuno zamasheya angaphandle e-St. Petersburg stock exchange.
3. https://ru.tradingview.com – amasheya ezinkampani zaseMelika.
4. https://ru.investing.com/ – stocks of the Russian Federation, the USA online.
5. https://finance.yahoo.com – kule sayithi ungabona umlando onemininingwane wezingcaphuno.

Ungabheka futhi izingcaphuno emaphephandabeni. Ukuze uthole i-stock quote ephephandabeni, udinga ukwazi ithikha. Lesi isifinyezo sesitoko. Ithikha ingase ibukeke njengegama lenkampani (noma isifinyezo salo), kodwa ngokuvamile azifani. Okunye okushicilelwe kungase kuhlanganise igama lenkampani kanye nethikha. Ithikha yenkampani ngayinye esohlwini ingatholakala kumawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezezimali. Kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenhlangano, ungathola kaningi uhlu lwamasheya ayo. Ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zezezimali kumabonakude, kunikezwa izinkomba zesitoko. Banikeza ulwazi olufushane mayelana namaphromoshini angawodwana, kodwa ngokuvamile hhayi okuningiliziwe njengakumawebhusayithi noma emaphephandabeni. Okubalulekile! Enqubweni yokwenza isinqumo sokwenza ukuthengiselana, abahwebi bafunda izingcaphuno ngesikhathi sangempela. Ungawafunda kanjani ama-stock quotes:

1. Intengo yokwabelana . Inani abatshalizimali abathenga ngalo amasheya enkampani. Lapho imakethe ivuliwe, intengo yesitoko ishintsha cishe njalo ngomzuzwana. Ihlala ingashintshile lapho imakethe ivala ukuhweba.
2. Ithikha . Lapho ufunda izingcaphuno, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala ukuthi uphawu lwenkampani lusho ukuthini. Uma inkampani isohlwini lwe-stock exchange, inikezwa ikhodi ehlukile noma uphawu. Uphawu luvumela abatshalizimali ukuthi baqonde igama lenkampani kanye nenani layo. Ingase futhi ibe negama lenkampani. Uma igama lilide kakhulu, uphawu lungaqukatha izinhlamvu ezimbalwa noma izinombolo. Lapho usesha amasheya kumawebhusayithi okushintshaniswa kwesitoko, ulwazi mayelana nenani lamasheya lungatholakala kukhodi yokuphepha.
3. Ivolumu : Inani lamasheya athengiwe futhi adayiswa ngesikhathi seseshini. Noma nini lapho kuthengiswa isabelo esingu-1, kuthengwa isabelo esi-1. Awukwazi ukuthenga isheya elingu-1 uma kungekho muntu olidayisayo, futhi awukwazi ukuthengisa isheya elingu-1 uma kungekho muntu olithengayo.
4. Intengo yokuvula . Intengo isitoko esihweba ngayo lapho kuvulwa imakethe yamasheya.
5. Ukuvalwa kwangaphambilini . Intengo yokuvala isethelwe usuku lwangaphambilini. Ukuhweba kungase kwenzeke ngaphandle kwamahora ebhizinisi futhi intengo yokuvula ingase yehluke enanini lokuvala losuku lwangaphambilini.
6. Ushintsho luphelele . Ibonisa ukuthi ingabe intengo yesitoko iyenyuka, iyehla nokuthi ishintsha kanjani. Ushintsho luphelele lungavezwa njengenani eliphelele noma njengephesenti.
7. Ibanga lamaviki angama-52 : Inani lesitoko eliphakeme kakhulu neliphansi ngonyaka noma amaviki angama-52. Lokhu kusiza abatshalizimali baqonde ukusebenza kwezitoko esikhathini eside.
8. Imali yemakethe : Leli inani lenani lemakethe eliphelele lenkampani. Lo mbandela ulingana nenani lamasheya eliphindwe ngenani lamasheya asele.

Kusithombe-skrini esingenhla, ungabona ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitoko namapharamitha okukhulunywe ngawo ekuqaleni zibukeka kanjani. Imaphi amasayithi lapho kulula khona ukubuka amashadi wezilinganiso zokuvikeleka – izingcaphuno zesitoko samanje ku-inthanethi: https://youtu.be/d6FHamx-Aek Kufanele uqale ukufunda izingcaphuno ezivela phezulu ngophawu lwethikha. Isitoko ngasinye esohlwini lwe-stock exchange sinikezwa ithikha yaso, esebenza njengesihlonzi esiyingqayizivele lapho uhweba futhi ufunda isibambiso. Ngaphansi kwegama lenkampani kanye nethikha yayo i-stock exchange okufakwe kuyo isheya, kanye nemali esetshenziswe kulokhu kushintshaniswa. Okulandelayo, inombolo enefonti enkulu kunazo zonke inani lokwabelana. Inombolo eluhlaza eduze kwayo ibonisa ukuguqulwa kwentengo kusukela esikhathini sokugcina sokuhweba. Inombolo ekubakaki izinga lalolu shintsho, elivezwa njengephesenti. Uma izinombolo ziluhlaza, kusho ukuthi ukuthi intengo ikhuphukile kusukela ngeseshini yokugcina yokuhweba. Uma zibomvu kusho ukuthi intengo yehlile. Ungahlola futhi ithikha ukuze ufunde izingcaphuno. Ulwazi olukwithikha luwumbono nje. Kuzodingeka uye kuthebula eligcwele lamanani uma udinga ulwazi oluningiliziwe. Amasayithi amaningi afaka ikhodi eluhlaza ngakunye uma isitoko sihweba ngaphezu kosuku lwangaphambilini, futhi abomvu uma isitoko sihweba ngaphansi kosuku lwangaphambilini. Uma inani lesheya lingashintshi, ithikha izoba mhlophe noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izilinganiso zifakwa kumathikha ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa umthamo wokuhweba kuleso sitoko nokuthi inani lishintshe kangakanani. Okokugcina, kunconywa ukuthi ubheke ikholomu Ephezulu/Ephansi noma Ububanzi. Le kholomu ibika inani eliphezulu neliphansi kakhulu isitoko esasihweba ngalolo suku. Lokhu kunikeza umbono wokuthi isitoko sishintshashintsha kanjani. Uma izinombolo zizodwa, isitoko sishintshashintsha kakhulu. Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe ye-Global Equity: AMD, NVidia, Broadcom, Lululemon Athletica, Zoom, Tesla – okwakamuva: https://youtu.be/Fkcg7fHv5Ho Namuhla, abatshalizimali abaningi bakuthola kulula kakhulu ukuthola izingcaphuno zesitoko ku-inthanethi. Le ndlela ingcono ngoba izingosi eziningi zibuyekeza usuku lonke futhi zinikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe, izindaba, ihluzo, ucwaningo, njll. Ukuchazwa kwedatha kufana ncamashi nokusephephandabeni. Ulwazi olwengeziwe olunikezwa yi-stock quote, lungcono. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umthombo ofanayo wokucaphuna lapho uqhathanisa. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitoko ziyingxenye yesithombe kuphela, ngoba imakethe yamasheya iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I-Tesla – idatha ebukhoma: https://youtu.be/Fkcg7fHv5Ho Namuhla, abatshalizimali abaningi bakuthola kulula kakhulu ukuthola izingcaphuno zesitoko ku-inthanethi. Le ndlela ingcono ngoba izingosi eziningi zibuyekeza usuku lonke futhi zinikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe, izindaba, ihluzo, ucwaningo, njll. Ukuchazwa kwedatha kufana ncamashi nokusephephandabeni. Ulwazi olwengeziwe olunikezwa yi-stock quote, lungcono. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umthombo ofanayo wokucaphuna lapho uqhathanisa. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitoko ziyingxenye yesithombe kuphela, ngoba imakethe yamasheya iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I-Tesla – idatha ebukhoma: https://youtu.be/Fkcg7fHv5Ho Namuhla, abatshalizimali abaningi bakuthola kulula kakhulu ukuthola izingcaphuno zesitoko ku-inthanethi. Le ndlela ingcono ngoba izingosi eziningi zibuyekeza usuku lonke futhi zinikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe, izindaba, ihluzo, ucwaningo, njll. Ukuchazwa kwedatha kufana ncamashi nokusephephandabeni. Ulwazi olwengeziwe olunikezwa yi-stock quote, lungcono. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umthombo ofanayo wokucaphuna lapho uqhathanisa. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitoko ziyingxenye yesithombe kuphela, ngoba imakethe yamasheya iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuhunyushwa kwedatha kufana ncamashi nephephandaba. Ulwazi olwengeziwe olunikezwa yi-stock quote, lungcono. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umthombo ofanayo wokucaphuna lapho uqhathanisa. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitoko ziyingxenye yesithombe kuphela, ngoba imakethe yamasheya iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuhunyushwa kwedatha kufana ncamashi nephephandaba. Ulwazi olwengeziwe olunikezwa yi-stock quote, lungcono. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umthombo ofanayo wokucaphuna lapho uqhathanisa. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitoko ziyingxenye yesithombe kuphela, ngoba imakethe yamasheya iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.