Incwadi ye-stock order ekuhwebeni: kuyini, ukufunda kanjani, izibonelo

Ithini incwadi ye-oda lesitoko ekuhwebeni, ukuthi ifundwa kanjani futhi iyihlaziye. Ingilazi yomthengisi igcwaliswe ngani? Ingilazi yemakethe itafula elibonisa ama-oda okuthenga nokudayisa izibambiso ezimakethe zezimali. Inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kwamanje kanye nesidingo, okuyithuluzi lokuhlaziya elibalulekile labo bobabili abahwebi nabatshalizimali. Kulesi sihloko, sizocabangela indima nokubaluleka kwaleli thuluzi. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_16848″ align=”aligncenter” width=”821″] Lena yindlela ibhuku le-oda elibukeka ngayo ku-Tinkoff[/caption]

Indlela yokuqonda incwadi ye-oda

Ibhuku loku-oda liyithuluzi elibalulekile emhlabeni wezezimali nokuhweba emakethe yamasheya, elihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nama-oda amanje okuthenga nokudayiswa kwempahla. Isakhiwo nokubukeka kungase kuhluke kuye ngokuthi isiteji esithile sokushintshanisa nokuhweba, kodwa ngokuvamile banezici ezifanayo. Ama-oda okuthengisa atholakala phezulu futhi agqanyiswe ngokubomvu. Babizwa ngokuthi i-asci (kusuka ku-English ask – “demand”). Ama-oda okuthenga, nawo angamabhidi (kusuka kubhidi yesiNgisi – “offer”) atholakala ngezansi futhi amakwe ngokuluhlaza. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_16850” align = “aligncenter” wide = “636”] Ukubuza namabhidi engilazini[/caption] Izinto eziyinhloko zihlanganisa amaleveli entengo, amavolumu nama-oda. Wonke aboniswa kumakholomu aqondile, lapho ikholomu ngayinye imelela inani elithile. Ngokuvamile amazinga aboniswa ngendlela ekhuphukayo ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, lapho inzuzo enkulu yokuthenga itholakala phezulu, futhi ngokuthengisa – phansi. Amavolumu, noma inombolo yempahla etholakalayo ukuze ithengwe noma ithengiswe, iboniswa eduze kwamazinga afanele. Ama-oda ethulwa ku-DOM angaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, njengomkhawulo, imakethe, ukulahlekelwa kokuyeka, umkhawulo wokumisa nokunye. Umkhawulo – ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa impahla ngentengo enqunywe kusengaphambili noma engcono. Imakethe – yokuthengwa noma ukuthengiswa kwezibambiso ngenani lamanje lemakethe. Misa Ukulahlekelwa – kwenziwa kusebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho izinga elithile lentengo lifinyelelwa futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ekulahlekelweni. Umkhawulo wokumisa – usebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho izinga elithile selifinyelelwe futhi lilinganiselwe emkhawulweni oshiwo. Ukuze kucace, ithuluzi okukhulunywa ngalo lingethulwa ngendlela ebonisa amazinga entengo amanje, amavolumu nama-oda okuthenga nokudayiswa. Lokhu kuvumela abahwebi ukuthi bahlole kalula isimo semakethe samanje futhi benze izinqumo mayelana namasu abo okuhweba.

Ungayifunda kanjani incwadi yoku-oda esitokisini

Ukufunda incwadi ye-oda kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga amakhono athile nokuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuguquguquka kwemakethe. Nazi izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho uhlaziya.

Incazelo yokunikezwa kanye nesidingo

Ingilazi yemakethe ekuhwebeni ibonisa ama-oda amanje okuthenga nokudayiswa kwempahla. Ukufunwa okuphezulu ezingeni elithile lentengo ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi abadayisi abaningi bazimisele ukuthenga impahla ngaleyo ntengo, okungase inyuse intengo. Ukunikezwa okuphezulu ezingeni elithile kungase kubonise ukuthi abadayisi abaningi bakulungele ukuthengisa impahla, okungase kubeka ingcindezi ngentengo phansi. Ukuhlaziywa kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo kungasiza ekuqondeni amandla amanje.

Ukuhunyushwa kwamavolumu namanani

Lezi zinkomba zingabaluleka ngokukhethekile. Ivolumu ephezulu emazingeni amanani athile ingabonisa intshisekelo eningi evela kubadayisi nokuthi lawa mazinga angaba ukwesekwa okuqinile noma amazinga okumelana. Kodwa-ke, uma amanani ephansi emazingeni amanani athile, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi imakethe inoketshezi oluncane futhi ingashintsha kalula lapho kuvela ama-oda amasha.

Amacebiso Awusizo Okuhlaziya

Lapho uhlaziya ibhuku le-oda lokwenza izinqumo zokuhweba, kufanelekile ukucabangela amathiphu ambalwa. Okokuqala, naka amanani abaluleke kakhulu namazinga evolumu angathinta amandla emakethe. Okwesibili, bheka izinguquko ekuhlinzekeni nasekufuneni nokuthi zingawathinta kanjani amanani. Okwesithathu, sebenzisa ibhuku loku-oda ngokuhlanganyela namanye amathuluzi okuhlaziya afana namashadi nezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ukuze uthole isithombe esingcono.Ukuhlaziya kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enenkani edinga ulwazi nokuqonda imakethe. Leli ithuluzi elibalulekile labahwebi, kodwa kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi okuhlaziya futhi njalo ucabangele isu lakho kanye nephrofayili yengozi lapho wenza izinqumo zokuhweba.

Yiziphi izici

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ukubeka izinto obala. I-DOM ikuvumela ukuthi ubone okunikezwayo okungcono kakhulu kokuthenga nokuthengisa, kanye namavolumu woku-oda ezingeni ngalinye lentengo. Ngenxa yalokhu, abathengisi bangakwazi ukuhlola ngokushesha isimo semakethe futhi banqume ukuthi bathenge noma bathengise izibambiso. Ama-Dynamics adlala indima ebalulekile phakathi nezikhathi zokuhweba ezisebenzayo. Isimo sishintsha njalo, sibonisa izinguquko ekuhlinzekeni nasekufuneni. Ucwaningo lwe-dynamics luvumela abahwebi ukuthi banqume isimo samanje semakethe futhi benze izinqumo ezifanele. Isibonelo, ukwenyuka kwamavolumu okuthenga kungase kubonise isidingo esikhulayo kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo okungaba khona, kuyilapho ukwenyuka kwevolumu yokuthengisa kungase kubonise ukwehla kwentengo okungenzeka. Ukuhlaziya okunamandla kungasiza futhi abahwebi ukuthi bakhombe amanani e-oda afihliwe noma izinguquko kumali yemakethe, okungaba nomthelela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Ithuluzi libalulekile futhi kumaqhinga namasu okuhweba afana nama-oda omkhawulo namasu okuhweba anolaka noma angenzi lutho. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, abadayisi bangabeka ama-oda omkhawulo emazingeni athile amanani ukuze basebenzise izinguquko ezingaba khona ezintengo noma ama-oda amavolumu. Ukuhweba okunolaka, lapho ama-oda afakwa khona emazingeni amanani amanje, kungaholela ekuphenduleni okusheshayo kwebhuku le-oda ezinguqukweni zokuguquguquka kwemakethe. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_16846” Isibonelo, ukwenyuka kwamavolumu okuthenga kungase kubonise isidingo esikhulayo kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo okungaba khona, kuyilapho ukwenyuka kwevolumu yokuthengisa kungase kubonise ukwehla kwentengo okungenzeka. Ukuhlaziya okunamandla kungasiza futhi abahwebi ukuthi bakhombe amanani e-oda afihliwe noma izinguquko kumali yemakethe, okungaba nomthelela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Ithuluzi libalulekile futhi kumaqhinga namasu okuhweba afana nama-oda omkhawulo namasu okuhweba anolaka noma angenzi lutho. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, abadayisi bangabeka ama-oda omkhawulo emazingeni athile amanani ukuze basebenzise izinguquko ezingaba khona ezintengo noma ama-oda amavolumu. Ukuhweba okunolaka, lapho ama-oda afakwa khona emazingeni amanani amanje, kungaholela ekuphenduleni okusheshayo kwebhuku le-oda ezinguqukweni zokuguquguquka kwemakethe. [i-id yamagama-ncazo = “okunamathiselwe_16846”Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinolaka nezingenzi lutho[/caption]

Izinzuzo nezingozi zokusebenzisa

Ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi yokushintshanisa kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, okubalulekile ukucabangela lapho uyisebenzisa. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ingilazi yokushintshanisa:

1. Ukungafihli : Ihlinzeka abathengisi ngokufinyelela kwesikhathi sangempela kulwazi olumayelana nama-oda emakethe amanje, okubavumela ukuthi baqonde kangcono isimo samanje kanye nomuzwa wemakethe.
2. Ukujula Kwemakethe : Akubonisi nje kuphela izintengo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthenga nokuthengisa, kodwa futhi noku-oda amavolumu ngamaleveli entengo ahlukene, okungaba usizo ekuhloleni ingcindezi yokuthenga nokuthengisa emakethe.
3. Ukusabela : kubuyekezwa ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela abathengisi ukuthi baphendule ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zesimo semakethe futhi benze izinqumo zokuhweba ngokushesha.

Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi yokushintshanisa nakho kunemikhawulo kanye nokubi:

1. Amathuba okukhohlisa imakethe : Kungase kube ngaphansi kokukhohliswa, okufana nokufaka ama-oda angelona iqiniso noma ukususa ama-oda ukuze kudaleke inkohliso yokunikezwa noma ukufunwa, okungahlanekezela isithombe sangempela semakethe.
2. Ulwazi Olukhawulelwe : Ibonisa ulwazi olumayelana nama-oda abekwe kulokhu kushintshana kuphela futhi ayifaki ama-oda abekwe kwezinye ukushintshana noma ama-oda afihliwe, okungase kukhawulele ukuphelela nokunemba kolwazi ukuze kuhlaziywe imakethe.
3. Ubunzima bokuhlaziya : Kungaba nzima ukuhlaziya, ikakhulukazi kubahwebi abasaqalayo, ngenxa yolwazi oluningi kanye nezibuyekezo zedatha ezisheshayo ezidinga ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ngokushesha. Amaphutha ekuchazeni ulwazi angaholela ezinqumweni zokuhweba ezingalungile kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezimali.

Incwadi yoku-oda iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuhlaziya imakethe, nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nenani lemikhawulo kanye nezingozi. Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwethuluzi kudinga ukuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kolwazi, ukuqinisekiswa kokuthembeka kwalo nokuthuthukiswa kwesu lokuhweba, kucatshangelwa izinzuzo nezingozi zalo. Ithini incwadi ye-oda lokushintshisana, indlela yokufunda nokuhlaziya incwadi yoku-oda ekushintsheni: https://youtu.be/Je4VnMlPkaU

Izibonelo zokusebenzisa

Esinye sezimo ezivamile zokusebenzisa ibhuku loku-oda ukuhlaziya imali yemakethe . Ithuluzi libonisa ama-oda okuthenga nokudayiswa kwempahla ngentengo nevolumu. Ngokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwebhuku le-oda, abadayisi bangahlola ukuba khona kwevolumu eyanele yama-oda kumazinga athile nokuthi ajule kangakanani. Lokhu kungasiza abahwebi ukuthi banqume ukuthi imakethe iwuketshezi kangakanani nokuthi kulula kangakanani ukwenza uhwebo. Uma ibhuku le-oda libonisa inani elikhulu lama-oda okuthenga noma okuthengisa anevolumu ephezulu ezingeni elithile lentengo, lokhu kungase kubonise ukusekela okuqinile noma ukumelana kulelo zinga, okungase kube nomthelela esinqumweni sokungena noma ukuphuma endaweni. Esinye isibonelo sokusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ukuguquguquka kwezindleko nama-oda emakethe.. Usebenzisa i-DOM, ungakwazi ukulandelela izinguquko kuvolumu nezintengo zokuthenga nokudayisa ama-oda ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukubuka ukuguquguquka kwama-oda kungasiza abathengisi banqume isimo semakethe, njengokuthi abathengi noma abathengisi abakhuthele kangakanani okwamanje. Uma ubona inani elikhulu lama-oda okuthenga anevolumu ekhulayo kanye nenani elinciphayo, lokhu kungase kubonise ingcindezi yokuthenga eqinile kanye nokwenyuka okungenzeka kwenani lempahla. Ebhukwini le-oda, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukusatshalaliswa kwama-oda ngezindleko, ivolumu, ukushintsha amandla nolunye ulwazi. Lokhu kungasiza abahwebi ukuthi babone ngeso lengqondo isimo emakethe futhi benze izinqumo ezanele zokuhweba. Ngokusho kobuningi be-oda, inombolo yabo nokusabalala, ungakwazi ukuhlola ngokushesha ukuthengwa kwempahla, inani lokushelela kwemakethe noma i-stop order nokuthi imuphi umthamo ongatholwa ngokushesha ngaphandle “kokugcoba” isikhundla ngamanani. Isibonelo, ngezansi kukhona ingilazi yamasheya we-Sberbank-ao ne-Sberbank-ap: Ungaphinda ubonise ibhuku le-oda lempahla ethile ngokubonisa ama-oda okuthenga nokuthengisa, lapho ungabona khona ukujula kwengilazi nokuba khona kokusekelwa okuqinile noma amazinga okumelana. Amashadi angabonisa ukuguquguquka kwama-oda nezintengo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuzosiza abahwebi bahlaziye izinguquko zemakethe futhi bakhombe amathrendi. Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa zingahluka. Abanye abathengisi bangase basebenzise ibhuku loku-oda ukuze banqume izinga elilungile lokungena noma ukuphuma endaweni ngokusekelwe ekubeni khona kokuthenga noma ukuthengisa ama-oda kumazinga athile. Bangaphinda basebenzise leli thuluzi ukuhlola ukutholakala kwezimali ezimakethe futhi banqume ubungozi obungaba khona kanye nenzuzo kumasu okuhweba. Ibhuku loku-oda liyithuluzi elinamandla elingasiza abathengisi bahlaziye imakethe futhi benze izinqumo ezisuselwa kumanani amanje namavolumu woku-oda. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwethuluzi kudinga isipiliyoni namakhono athile, futhi imiphumela yawo kufanele iqinisekiswe njalo futhi yengezwe ngezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimakethe zamathuluzi ezezimali zihlala ziguquguquka,