JavaScript don Masu farawa daga Scratch – Abin da kuke Bukata, 2024 Al’amura da Fa’idodi

JavaScript yaren shirye-shirye ne na gaba ɗaya na zamani. Aikace-aikacen sa bai iyakance ga masu binciken gidan yanar gizo ba. An ƙirƙira shi da ido don haɗawa cikin kowane aikace-aikacen kuma tare da ikon aiwatar da rubutun. JavaScript yakamata ya zama yaren rubutun ga Netscape. Da farko an kira shi Mocha, sannan kuma LiveScript. Ya karɓi suna na yanzu a cikin Disamba 1995. A yunƙurin masana daga Netscape JavaScript an daidaita su ta ECMA. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_7684” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “760”]
Brendan Icke, uban JavaScript[/taken magana] Mafi yawan amfani da shi a cikin masu binciken gidan yanar gizo. JavaScript yaren shirye-shiryen rubutu ne. Fadada ayyukan, ta hanyar gabatar da sabbin abubuwa, yana ba ku damar canza abun ciki na takardu a cikin taga guda (canza HTML, CSS), yin hulɗa tare da masu amfani, aiwatarwa, ƙididdigewa da duba bayanai. Embedded JavaScript yana kunna rubutun da aka saka a cikin lambar HTML na shafukan. Gudanar da rubutun yana faruwa ta atomatik lokacin da aka loda shafin akan kwamfutar abokin ciniki. An daidaita harshe, wanda ya kamata ya nuna kyakkyawar dacewa tsakanin aiwatarwa daban-daban. Amma a aikace, ba a samun daidaituwa a cikin masu bincike daban-daban, yana kawo damuwa mai yawa ga masu shirye-shirye.

Fasaloli da iyakoki na JavaScript

Tun lokacin aiwatar da shi na farko, JavaScript ya yi nisa. Yanzu zaku iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace, aiki a cikin mai bincike tare da koyon injin (ML) da ƙirar AI. JavaScript na gefen uwar garken (node.js) an yarda. Babban fasalulluka na harshe a cikin burauza:

• yana ba ku damar yin aiki tare da CSS da HTML (canzawa, ƙarawa, share bayanai);
• yana ba da hulɗa tare da masu amfani akan shafin (maɓallin maɓalli, dannawa, motsi siginan linzamin kwamfuta);
• ana amfani da su don aika buƙatun zuwa uwar garken, zazzagewa / loda fayiloli (fasahar AJAX JS);
• yana aiki tare da kukis.

Ƙuntatawa:

• mai aiki a cikin buɗaɗɗen shafin, babu damar zuwa wasu buɗaɗɗen shafuka;
• idan JS bai buɗe taga mai bincike ba, ba zai iya rufe ta ba;
• babu wata hanya ta ɓoye lambar tushe na shafin;
• babu damar yin amfani da tsarin ayyukan OS.

An haɗa shi ta hanyoyi biyu: ta hanyar lambar akan shafin kuma ta hanyar fayil na waje. A cikin shari’ar farko, ya kamata ka saka <script>// Jikin Shirin</script>. An haɗa lambar daga fayil ɗin waje tare da umarni <script src=”name.js”></script>

JavaScript shine mafi kyawun zaɓi ga matasa da masu tsara shirye-shirye. Babban fa’idarsa shine yaduwa. Ana goyan bayan duk masu bincike, akan duk tsarin aiki, na’urorin hannu, kwamfutoci na sirri. Aikace-aikacen JavaScript suna aiki ba tare da an fara shigar da su akan na’urorin masu amfani ba. Idan akwai sha’awar cewa kowa zai iya amfani da samfurin da aka halicce, to JS shine madadin cancanta. Misali, kuna buƙatar gwadawa. Ta yaya zan iya bayyana tambayoyin gwaji na ga wasu mutane? Komai mai sauqi ne. Idan an zaɓi JavaScript don ƙirƙirar lambar, kuma aka zaɓi rukunin yanar gizo na yau da kullun don rarrabawa, matsalar za ta ɓace da kanta.

Shahararriyar JavaScript ta samo asali ne saboda fa’idodi masu yawa:

1. Mahimmanci don ci gaban yanar gizo. Rubutun suna da goyon bayan duk mashahuran masu bincike, hadedde tare da shimfidawa da gefen uwar garken (baya).
2. Haɓaka yanayin muhalli. Akwai babban adadin shirye-shiryen mafita a cikin jama’a.
3. Rationality da sauƙin amfani.
4. Babban matakin amfani.
5. Sauƙin koyo. Kuna saba da ma’amala da sauri.

Har ila yau, harshen yana da nakasu masu yawa, waɗanda, idan ana so, za a iya ƙetare su.

1. Bukatar ƙarin tsarin, dakunan karatu . Zaɓin kayan aikin da suka dace ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Yana yiwuwa a gane ko ɗakin ɗakin karatu da aka zaɓa ya dace don magance wata matsala kawai bayan nazarin farko na shi.
2. Rashin kulawa da masu canji, nau’ikan bayanai . Karamin bugun rubutu na iya karya dukkan shirin. Misali, var Number = 100; Lamba = Lamba + 1; Rubutun zai ba da rahoton kasancewar typo kawai yayin haɓaka lambar shirin. Irin wannan matsala za ta taso idan mai shirye-shiryen ya ruɗe rajistar. Misali guda daya. Mai shirye-shiryen ya yanke shawarar rubuta lamba zuwa madaidaicin wanda ya riga ya ƙunshi kirtani. Ba za a sami saƙon kuskure a wannan yanayin ba. Amma sakamakon zai yi nisa da tsammanin. Kuna iya guje wa matsalolin da aka jera a sama ta amfani da masu gyara lamba. Mafi mashahuri zaɓi shine Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kaya.
3. Bai dace da haɓaka aikace-aikacen cibiyar sadarwa ba (software da ke da alhakin daidaitaccen aiki na cibiyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta na kamfani).
4. JavaScript yaren rubutun kyauta ne . Don haka, ba zai yi wahala gogaggun masu shirye-shirye su saka lambar ɓarna a ciki ba. A yau, ɗaya daga cikin nau’ikan hare-hare da aka fi sani shine rubutun giciye ta hanyar amfani da JavaScript. Misali, hare-haren XSS wani nau’in hari ne wanda ke shigar da muggan code a cikin tsarin Intanet, ya maye gurbin boyayyun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa / bayyane, tilasta su ba da bayanan da aka canza, da kuma nuna tallan nasu akan rukunin da ya lalace.

https://articles.opexflow.com/programming/kak-stat-programmistom-s-nulya.htm Don sauƙaƙe ayyuka masu rikitarwa da yin ayyuka na yau da kullun, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ɗakunan karatu na JavaScript, waɗanda tarin hanyoyin da aka yi shirye-shirye ne da ayyuka. . Akwai ɗakunan karatu da yawa don JavaScript da aka ƙirƙira. Wasu daga cikinsu an ƙirƙira su ne don magance takamaiman matsaloli, kamar nau’ikan sarrafawa ko ƙididdige ayyukan lissafi. Wasu sun ƙunshi mafi yawan widget din don ƙirƙirar cikakkun aikace-aikacen Intanet ta amfani da fasahar Ajax. ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa ta amfani da shirye-shiryen ɗakunan karatu na iya adana lokaci mai yawa. Kuma masu farawa za su sami damar aiwatar da ayyukan da har yanzu ba su iya rubutawa da kansu ba.

Bukatar harshe

Shahararriyar JavaScript tsakanin masu haɓakawa tana tabbatar da ƙimar ƙasashen duniya. A cewar PYPL, yana daya daga cikin manyan uku.
Stack Overflow Association yana duban adadin tambayoyin da suka shafi JS a cikin dandalin ƙwararru. Dangane da sakamakon binciken su, JavaScript an gane shi a matsayin jagorar da ba a saba da shi ba.
W3Techs yana ƙidaya adadin ayyukan da aka aiwatar ta amfani da wata fasaha ta musamman. JS ba shi da masu fafatawa. A cikin sashin mu’amalar abokin ciniki, wannan shine kayan aikin da aka fi nema.
Mafi girman adadin ci gaba bisa JavaScript yana da hannu kai tsaye a yankin Frontend. Masu haɓakawa suna amfani da kusan ɗakunan karatu 30 da tsarin aiki. Shirye-shiryen mafita da samfuri don daidaitattun ayyuka (tare da wasu bambance-bambancen) yana adana lokaci mai yawa, sauƙaƙe tsari, da rage farashin ayyukan. Mafi yawanci: Angular, Aurelia, Backbone.js, Ember.js, jQuery, Meteor.js, Node.js, Vue.js.
An yi amfani da JS sosai wajen ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen hannu, ci gaban baya, da shirye-shiryen tebur. Haɓaka ban mamaki a cikin buƙatun yaren JS kuma ana samun sauƙi ta hanyar haɓaka mu’amalar shafuka. [taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_7668” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “610”]
Koyan yaren shirye-shiryen JavaScript yana ba ku damar warware ayyuka masu zuwa[/taken magana]

JavaScript da manyan abubuwan amfani da shi

Kafin koyon yadda ake haɗa harshe, yakamata ku fahimci ainihin manufarsa. Mafi sau da yawa, JS ana amfani dashi lokacin da ya zama dole don yin aikace-aikacen tushen burauza, don ba da damar Intanet ƙarin “motsi”.

1. Shafukan masu ƙarfi akan gidajen yanar gizo . Yin amfani da JavaScript, zaku iya ƙirƙirar kayan aiki, tasirin mai rai iri-iri. An saka lambar a cikin shafin. Rubutun yana aiki kai tsaye a cikin burauzar mai amfani. JS, CSS, HTML – isassun ƙwarewar fasaha don mai haɓaka gaba na zamani.
2. Wasanni, aikace-aikacen yanar gizo . Misali, abokin ciniki na Gmail, Google Maps ana yin su da JS. Don ƙirƙirar mai tafiya, zaku iya amfani da HTML5, JS da ɗakin karatu da aka shirya.
3. Extensions Browser . Kuna iya rubuta na’urar lissafin ayyukanku ko shirin da zai kiyaye adadin lokacin da aka kashe don yin wasu ayyuka.
4. Sabar yanar gizo . A cikin mahallin baya, JS yana gasa da Python, PHP, da sauran harsuna. Babban fa’ida shine ikon haɓaka abokin ciniki da sassan uwar garken a cikin harshe ɗaya. Don ƙirƙirar goyan bayan JS, masu haɓakawa suna amfani da injin Node.js.
5. Desktop ( aikace-aikacen tebur ) .
6. Aikace-aikacen Waya . Wannan ba shine mafi yawan amfani da JavaScript ba. Amma yana da wurin zama, idan kawai saboda JS yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen dandamali. Don yin wannan, zaku iya amfani da tsarin Ionic, React Native, tsarin PhoneGap.

[taken magana id = “abin da aka makala_7665” align = “aligncenter” nisa = “722”]
Sabbin kayan aiki da damar yin amfani da javascript suna bayyana kowace shekara, kuma waɗannan fa’idodin ba su da tabbas [/ taken magana] Wani muhimmin al’amari shine amfani da JS don koyon injin ( ML) da kuma ilimin wucin gadi (AI). Koyon inji yana nufin ikon tsarin yin wasu ayyuka ba tare da takamaiman umarni ba. Don aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyuka, zaku iya amfani da tsari kamar TensorFlow.js. A yau za ku iya amfani da:

• canja wurin ilmantarwa;
• samfurin horar da baya;
• haɓaka samfurin ku.

Yi la’akari, a matsayin misali, yin amfani da samfurin da aka horar da shi a baya. A ce muna buƙatar haɓaka gidan yanar gizon da zai bincika hotuna kuma zaɓi waɗanda ke nuna cat. MobileNet sanannen mai rarraba hoto ne. Ana samunsa a cikin ingantaccen tsarin ƙira daga Tensorflow.js. Lambar mai zuwa za ta bayyana akan rukunin yanar gizon:
Ƙara MobileNet da Tensorflow.js zuwa shugaban lambar HTML.
Jiki yana ƙayyade ɓangaren zanen da aka yi amfani da shi don bincike.
Ana ƙara lambar JavaScript zuwa rubutun da zai loda samfurin MobileNet wanda aka horar da shi a baya don rarraba hotunan da aka ƙayyade a hoto.
Fitowar zai zama tsararru mai tsinkaya guda uku. Za a fara jera sakamakon da ya fi dacewa. Wannan shine yadda zaku iya amfani da ƙirar da aka riga aka horar tare da Tensorflow.js. Kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa yana iya ɗaukar lokaci don yin lodawa a cikin burauzar. Wani lokaci yakan kai dakika 10.

Yiwuwar koyon JavaScript a cikin 2022 – hangen nesa na ci gaba

JavaScript shine tushen da duk ci gaban yanar gizo na gaba-gaba ya dogara akansa. Tare da shi, zaku iya aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban da abubuwan da suka faru. Misali, mai amfani yana danna abun menu akan gidan yanar gizo. Umurnin danna yayi aiki. Na gaba, ana kiran takamaiman aiki: canza launi na abu mai aiki, kunna taga modal. Ana amfani da JavaScript don sanya shafukan yanar gizon su zama masu mu’amala, don ba da damar baƙi su yi hulɗa da abubuwa masu mahimmanci daban-daban. Tare da JavaScript, zaku iya ƙara ɗimbin fasalulluka masu amfani zuwa shafin yanar gizon. Yin amfani da HTML, CSS da JS kawai, masu haɓakawa na iya ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen aiki iri-iri. Misali, taswirar da za a sabunta a ainihin lokacin, wasannin kan layi. Dubi shahararren shafin Pinterest. Anan, JavaScript ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don ƙirƙirar ƙirar mai amfani da abokantaka. Bugu da kari, JavaScript shine yaren shirye-shirye mafi shahara a duniya. Kuma ba tare da la’akari da burin aiki ba, ya kamata a koyi wannan harshe mai fa’ida. Harshen na iya ƙware ba kawai ta novice masu shirye-shiryen yanar gizo ba, har ma da ƴan makaranta don haɓaka gabaɗaya. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar fahimtar lambar, da ma’anar harshe, da sauƙi na haɗin ginin. JavaScript yare ne da ke da fasali masu zuwa: An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar fahimtar lambar, da ma’anar harshe, da sauƙi na haɗin ginin. JavaScript yare ne da ke da fasali masu zuwa: An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar fahimtar lambar, da ma’anar harshe, da sauƙi na haɗin ginin. JavaScript yare ne da ke da fasali masu zuwa:

1. Harka m. Akwai babban bambanci tsakanin Func() da func() ayyuka.
2. Kasancewar ginanniyar ayyuka da abubuwa.
3. Bukatar semicolon bayan masu aiki.
4. Rashin hankali ga sarari. Kuna iya amfani da lambar daban daban don tsara lambar.

JavaScript – kammala karatun JS don masu farawa, koyan bidiyo don koyo daga karce da kuma ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa: https://youtu.be/CxgOKJh4zWE

JavaScript yaren rubutun rubutu ne. Rubutun shine lambar shirin da baya buƙatar aiwatarwa kafin a ƙaddamar da shi. Injin burauzar yana sarrafa lambar yayin loda shafi.

Akwai jagororin asali da yawa waɗanda za su iya sauƙaƙa tsarin koyan yaren JavaScript.

1. Da farko, kuna buƙatar sanin HTML da CSS. Kada ka fara ƙirƙirar shafuka, aikace-aikace, fom da sauran abubuwa don Intanet ba tare da sanin asali ba.
2. Yi nazarin sababbin adabi. Fasahar bayanai tana tasowa, don haka kar a yi sakaci da sabuntawa.
3. Yi ƙoƙarin rubuta duk sassan shirin da kanka. Idan dole ne ka aro lambar wani, bincika kowane layi a hankali.
4. Yi amfani da gyara kuskure. Mafi mahimmancin fasaha na kowane gogaggen mai tsara shirye-shirye shine saurin gano kurakurai da gazawa.
5. Rubuta kyakkyawan code. Kar a yi watsi da ka’idojin tsarawa. Tabbas, adadin sarari ko indents ba zai shafi ingancin rubutun ba, amma zai zama mafi fahimta da karantawa. Ga snippet na bad code.
6. Yi ƙoƙarin yin sharhi kan ayyuka masu mahimmanci.

JavaScript yare ne da aka yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin mahallin shirye-shiryen yanar gizo. Ya mamaye iyawar harsuna masu aiki da abubuwan da suka dace. Amma kar ka manta cewa harshe kayan aiki ne na masu haɓakawa, kuma mafi mahimmancin abin da ake rubuta lambar shine tunani.

Bayani mai fa’ida ga ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa na gaba

React shine ɗakin karatu na JavaScript. Kwanan nan, ya zama ma’auni don ci gaba na gaba. Wannan labari ne mai kyau ga masu haɓaka dandamali. React Native yana da fa’idodi masu zuwa:

1. Ingantacciyar ma’ana mai wayo wanda ke sake gyara abubuwan da aka gyara kawai idan ya cancanta (idan yanayi ya canza).
2. Falsafa mai saurin fahimta da sauƙaƙa don bayyana jihohi, ra’ayoyi. Lambar ta zama abin karantawa, kyakkyawa kuma mai sauƙin cirewa.

A cikin mafi sauƙi, React yana gada tazarar tsakanin JS da HTML. Amsa mahimman darasin JS daga A zuwa Z: https://youtu.be/GNrdg3PzpJQ Mutane kalilan ne ke rubuta CSS tsantsa kwanakin nan. Ya zama larura ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa don koyan harsuna kamar Ƙananan ko Sass. Wata shawarwarin ita ce bincika hanyoyin da ake da su don gina shafuka masu amsawa. Wannan shi ne saboda yawan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan na’urori daban-daban (Allunan, wayoyin hannu, PC, da sauransu). Akwai dakunan karatu na JS da CSS da yawa da suke da sauƙin gudanar da irin wannan aikin. Yawancinsu sun dogara ne akan jagororin Ƙira na Google. Akwai dakunan karatu masu alaƙa da batutuwa waɗanda yakamata ku kula da su:

• don izinin JSON Yanar Gizo Token;
• don ginawa Webpack na zamani;
• don samfurin bayanai da aiki tare da Redux, Relay, Flux streams.

Hakanan akwai babban adadin ɗakunan karatu don haɓaka matakin aiki, gyara kuskure, da sarrafa ayyukan ƙirƙira. A yau, don zama mashahuri kuma mai tasiri na gaba-gaba mai haɓakawa, ya kamata mutum yayi nazarin ba kawai mahimmanci ba, amma kuma zai iya zaɓar / amfani da nasarorin wasu ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru waɗanda aka tsara a cikin nau’i na ɗakunan karatu / tsarin. Tare da taimakon su, aikin zai yi sauri da sauri.