Incwadi ye-stock order kurhwebo: yintoni na, indlela yokufunda, imizekelo

Iyintoni incwadi ye-oda yesitokhwe ekurhwebeni, indlela yokufunda nokuhlalutya ngayo. Igcwaliswe ngantoni iglasi yomthengisi? Iglasi yemarike yitafile ebonisa ii-odolo zokuthenga nokuthengisa izibambiso kwiimarike zemali. Inika ulwazi malunga nokunikezelwa kwangoku kunye nemfuno, ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sohlalutyo kubo bobabini abahwebi kunye nabatyali-mali. Kweli nqaku, siza kuqwalasela indima kunye nokubaluleka kwesi sixhobo.

Indlela yokuqonda incwadi yoku-odola

Incwadi ye-odolo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwihlabathi lezemali kunye nokurhweba kwi-stock exchange, enika ulwazi malunga nemiyalelo yangoku yokuthenga nokuthengisa impahla. Ubume kunye nokubonakala kunokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiqonga elithile lokutshintshiselana kunye nezorhwebo, kodwa ngokubanzi baneempawu ezifanayo. Iiodolo zokuthengisa zibekwe phezulu kwaye ziphawulwe ngombala obomvu. Babizwa ngokuba yi-asci (ukusuka kwisiNgesi buza – “imfuno”). Iiodolo zokuthenga, zikwangamabhidi (ukusuka kwibhidi yesiNgesi – “offer”) zibekwe ngezantsi kwaye ziphawulwe ngombala oluhlaza. Izinto eziphambili ziquka amanqanaba exabiso, imiqulu kunye nemiyalelo. Zonke ziboniswa kwiikholomu ezithe nkqo, apho ikholamu nganye ibonisa ixabiso elithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo amanqanaba aboniswa ngokunyuka kokunyuka ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, apho inzuzo enkulu yokuthenga ifumaneka phezulu, kunye nokuthengisa – ezantsi. Imiqulu, okanye inani lee-asethi ezikhoyo ukuze zithengwe okanye zithengiswe, ziboniswa ecaleni kwamanqanaba afanelekileyo. Ii-odolo ezinikezelwe kwi-DOM zinokuba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nomda, imarike, ukulahleka kokuyeka, umda wokumisa kunye nabanye. Umda – ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ii-asethi ngexabiso elimiselweyo okanye elingcono. Imarike – yokuthengwa okanye ukuthengiswa kwezibambiso ngexabiso langoku lemarike. Stop Loss – isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo xa inqanaba lexabiso elithile lifikelelwe kwaye lisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ilahleko. Misa umda – isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo xa inqanaba elithile lifikelelwe kwaye lilinganiselwe kumda ochaziweyo. Ukucaca, isixhobo esichaphazelekayo sinokuboniswa kwifom ebonisa amanqanaba exabiso langoku, imiqulu kunye nemiyalelo yokuthenga nokuthengisa. Oku kuvumela abahwebi ukuba bahlole ngokulula imeko yemarike yangoku kwaye benze izigqibo malunga nezicwangciso zabo zokurhweba.

Uyifunda njani incwadi yeodolo kwistock exchange

Ukufunda incwadi ye-odolo ingaba yinkqubo enzima efuna izakhono ezithile kunye nokuqonda imigaqo esisiseko ye-market dynamics. Nantsi imiba embalwa ephambili ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa uhlalutya.

Inkcazo yobonelelo kunye nemfuno

Iglasi yemarike ekurhwebeni ibonisa ii-odolo zangoku zokuthenga nokuthengisa ii-asethi. Imfuno ephezulu kwinqanaba lexabiso elithile libonisa ukuba abathengisi abaninzi bazimisele ukuthenga i-asethi ngelo xabiso, elinokuthi liqhube ixabiso. Ukunikezelwa okuphezulu kwinqanaba elithile kunokubonisa ukuba abahwebi abaninzi bakulungele ukuthengisa i-asethi, enokuthi ibeke uxinzelelo kwixabiso. Uhlalutyo lobonelelo kunye nemfuno lunokunceda ekuqondeni amandla akhoyo ngoku.

Ukutolikwa kwemiqulu kunye namaxabiso

Ezi zalathi zinokubaluleka ngokukodwa. Umthamo ophezulu kumanqanaba athile exabiso unokubonisa umdla omkhulu kubathengisi kwaye la manqanaba anokuba yinkxaso enamandla okanye amanqanaba okumelana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imiqulu iphantsi kumanqanaba athile exabiso, oku kungabonisa ukuba imarike incinci kwaye inokutshintsha ngokulula xa kuvela imiyalelo emitsha.

Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokuhlalutya

Xa uhlalutya incwadi yoku-odola ukwenza izigqibo zokurhweba, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela iingcebiso ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, nikela ingqalelo kwixabiso elibaluleke kakhulu kunye namanqanaba omthamo onokuchaphazela ukuguqulwa kweemarike. Okwesibini, gcina iliso kwiinguqu zokubonelela kunye nemfuno kunye nendlela ezinokuchaphazela ngayo amaxabiso. Okwesithathu, sebenzisa incwadi ye-odolo ngokubambisana nezinye izixhobo zokuhlalutya ezifana neetshathi kunye nezalathi zobugcisa ukuze ufumane umfanekiso ongcono.Uhlalutyo lunokuba yinkqubo enzima kwaye ifuna amava kunye nokuqonda kweemarike. Esi sixhobo esibalulekileyo kubathengisi, kodwa kufuneka sisetyenziswe ngokubambisana nezinye izixhobo zokuhlalutya kwaye uhlale uqwalasela isicwangciso sakho kunye neprofayili yomngcipheko xa usenza izigqibo zokurhweba.

Ziziphi iimpawu

Enye yeempawu eziphambili kukucaca. I-DOM ikuvumela ukuba ubone izibonelelo zangoku zokuthenga nokuthengisa, kunye nomthamo weodolo kwinqanaba ngalinye lexabiso. Ndiyabulela kule nto, abahwebi banokukhawuleza bahlole imeko yemarike kwaye banqume ukuba bathenge okanye bathengise izibambiso. I-Dynamics idlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha leeseshoni zokurhweba ezisebenzayo. Imeko ihlala iguquka, ibonisa utshintsho ekuboneleleni nasekufuneni. Uphononongo lwe-dynamics luvumela abahwebi ukuba banqume imeko yangoku yemarike kwaye benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwemithamo yokuthenga kungabonisa imfuno ekhulayo kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso elinokwenzeka, ngelixa ukunyuka kwexabiso lokuthengisa kunokubonisa ukuhla kwexabiso elinokwenzeka. Uhlalutyo olunamandla lunokunceda abarhwebi ukuba bachonge umthamo ofihliweyo okanye utshintsho kwimalike yemalike, enokuthi ibe nefuthe ekuthathweni kwezigqibo. Isixhobo sikwabalulekile kumaqhinga okurhweba kunye nezicwangciso ezifana nemiyalelo yokukhawulela kunye neendlela zokurhweba ezinobundlobongela okanye ezingenzi nto. Ngoko, umzekelo, abahwebi banokubeka ii-odolo zomda kumanqanaba athile exabiso ukuze bathathe inzuzo yeenguqu ezinokwenzeka kumaxabiso okanye i-odolo yevolumu. Urhwebo olunobundlongondlongo, apho ii-odolo zibekwe kumanqanaba exabiso langoku, kunokukhokelela ekuphenduleni ngokukhawuleza kwencwadi ye-odolo kwiinguqu kwi-dynamics yemarike.

Iinzuzo kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa

Ukusetyenziswa kweglasi yokutshintshiselana kunenzuzo kunye nokungonakali, okubalulekileyo ukuqwalasela xa usebenzisa. Izinto ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa iglasi yokutshintshiselana:

1. Ukungafihli : Ibonelela abarhwebi ngexesha langempela lokufikelela kulwazi malunga nemiyalelo yemarike yangoku, ebavumela ukuba baqonde ngcono imeko yangoku kunye ne-gauge market sentiment.
2. Ubunzulu beMakethi : Akubonakalisi kuphela amaxabiso angcono okuthenga kunye nokuthengisa, kodwa kwakhona ulandelele umthamo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo exabiso, anokuba luncedo ekuhloleni ukuthenga nokuthengisa uxinzelelo kwiimarike.
3. Ukuphendula : ihlaziywa ngexesha langempela, elivumela abahwebi ukuba baphendule ngokukhawuleza utshintsho kwimeko yemarike kwaye benze izigqibo zokurhweba ngokukhawuleza.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweglasi yotshintshiselwano nako kunemida kunye nokungalunganga:

1. Ukunokwenzeka kokuguqulwa kwemarike : Inokuba phantsi kokuguqulwa, okufana nokubeka ii-odolo ezingeyonyani okanye ukususa ii-odolo zokudala inkohliso yokubonelela okanye imfuno, enokuthi ijike umfanekiso wokwenyani wemarike.
2. Ulwazi olulinganiselweyo : Ibonisa kuphela ulwazi malunga nee-odolo ezibekwe kulo tshintshiselwano kwaye ayithatheli ingqalelo imiyalelo ebekwe kwezinye iintengiso okanye ii-odolo ezifihliweyo, ezinokuthi zinciphise ukugqibelela kunye nokuchaneka kolwazi lohlalutyo lwemarike.
3. Ubunzima bokuhlalutya : Kunokuba nzima ukuhlalutya, ngakumbi kubahwebi abaqalayo, ngenxa yobuninzi bolwazi kunye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza kufuna ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Iimpazamo ekutolikweni kolwazi kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo zokurhweba ezingalunganga kunye nokulahlekelwa kwemali.

Incwadi ye-odolo sisixhobo esinamandla sokuhlalutya imarike, nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukwadibaniswa nenani lemingcele kunye nemingcipheko. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwesixhobo kufuna ukuhlalutya ngokucokisekileyo kolwazi, ukuqinisekiswa kokuthembeka kwayo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesicwangciso sokurhweba, ngokuqwalasela i-pros and cons. Iyintoni incwadi ye-odolo yokutshintshiselana, indlela yokufunda kunye nokuhlalutya incwadi yoku-odola ngokutshintshiselana: https://youtu.be/Je4VnMlPkaU

Imizekelo yokusebenzisa

Enye yeemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenzisa incwadi yeeodolo kukuhlalutya ukungabikho kwemali kwimarike . Isixhobo sibonisa ii-odolo zokuthenga nokuthengisa i-asethi ngexabiso kunye nomthamo. Ngokuhlalutya isakhiwo sencwadi ye-odolo, abarhwebi banokuhlola ubukho bomthamo owaneleyo we-odolo kumanqanaba athile kunye nokuba nzulu kangakanani. Oku kunokunceda abarhwebi babone ukuba imarike ilulwelo kangakanani kwaye kulula kangakanani ukwenza urhwebo. Ukuba incwadi ye-oda ibonisa inani elikhulu lokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ii-odolo ezinomthamo ophezulu kwinqanaba elithile lexabiso, oku kungabonisa inkxaso eqinile okanye ukuchasana kwelo nqanaba, elinokuthi liphembelele isigqibo sokungena okanye ukuphuma kwindawo. Omnye umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kuhlalutyo lwe-dynamics yeendleko kunye nemiyalelo kwiimarike.. Ukusebenzisa i-DOM, unokulandelela utshintsho kwivolumu kunye namaxabiso okuthenga nokuthengisa iiodolo ngexesha langempela. Ukubukela i-dynamics yee-odolo kunokunceda abarhwebi babone isimo sengqondo semarike, njengokuba abathengi abasebenzayo okanye abathengisi bakhoyo ngoku. Ukuba ubona inani elikhulu lee-odolo zokuthenga ngokunyuka kwevolumu kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso, oku kungabonisa uxinzelelo olunamandla lokuthenga kunye nokunyuka okunokwenzeka kwexabiso le-asethi. Kwincwadi yoku-odola, unokulandelela ukuhanjiswa kwee-odolo ngeendleko, umthamo, utshintsho lwe-dynamics kunye nolunye ulwazi. Oku kunokunceda abarhwebi ukuba bajonge ngokuchanekileyo imeko kwimarike kwaye benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokurhweba. Ngokobuninzi bee-odolo, inani labo kunye nokusasazeka, unokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza umbane, ubungakanani be-slippage yemarike okanye i-oda yokuyeka kwaye yintoni umthamo onokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle “kokugcoba” isikhundla ngamaxabiso. Umzekelo, ngezantsi yiglasi yezabelo zeSberbank-ao kunye neSberbank-ap: Unokubonisa kwakhona incwadi ye-odolo ye-asethi ethile kunye nomboniso wokuthenga nokuthengisa imiyalelo, apho unokubona ubunzulu beglasi kunye nobukho benkxaso enamandla okanye amanqanaba okumelana. Iitshathi zingabonisa ukuguquguquka kwee-odolo kunye namaxabiso ekuhambeni kwexesha, okuya kunceda abahwebi bahlalutye utshintsho lweemarike kunye nokuchonga iindlela. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa inokwahluka. Abanye abarhwebi banokusebenzisa incwadi ye-odolo ukumisela inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokungena okanye ukuphuma kwindawo esekelwe kubukho bokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa imiyalelo kumanqanaba athile. Basenokusebenzisa esi sixhobo ukuvavanya ukuthengiswa kwemarike kunye nokumisela imingcipheko enokubakho kunye nenzuzo kwizicwangciso zokurhweba. Incwadi yoku-odola sisixhobo esinamandla esinokunceda abarhwebi bahlalutye imakethi kwaye benze izigqibo ezisekelwe kumaxabiso angoku kunye nomthamo woodolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwesixhobo kufuna amava athile kunye nezakhono, kwaye iziphumo zayo kufuneka zihlale ziqinisekisiwe kwaye zongezwa ngezinye iindlela zokuhlalutya. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iimarike zezixhobo zemali zihlala ziguquguquka,