OPEX ke eng, hore na litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso li baloa joang ts’ebetsong

Bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e atlehileng ea khoebo, hoa hlokahala hore u se ke ua nahana ka chelete feela, empa hape le litšenyehelo. Litšenyehelo li arotsoe ka nako e le ‘ngoe le tse tsitsitseng. Hangata li kenyelletsa ho reka lisebelisoa tse ncha, ho atolosoa ha lihlahisoa. Ke khale bo-rakhoebo ba sebetsa ka mantsoe a kang OPEX le CAPEX, e le hore u utloisise hore na e bua ka eng, ho kgothaletswa hore o itloaetse ka tse ling tsa likarolo.

OPEX ke eng (litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso, litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso) – tlhahisoleseling e akaretsang

Bo-rakhoebo ba bangata ba lakatsang ha ba tsebe hore na OPEX ke eng, ke ka lebaka leo ba etsang liphoso ha ba hlakola. Mantsoe ana a bolela litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso, tse kenyelletsang litšenyehelo tseo k’hamphani e ke keng ea iphapanyetsa tšebetso ea eona. Ka mohlala:

• tefo ea rente ea libaka / thepa;
• moputso oa basebetsi;
• theko ea thepa e tala;
• ditefello tsa inshorense, lekgetho;
• tefo ea lisebelisoa, litšenyehelo tse ling tsa ts’ebetso.

Ntle le OPEX kenyeletsa tefo bakeng sa lits’ebeletso tsa litsebi tsa ho fana ka litšebeletso kantle ho naha. Ka mohlala, e ka ba babuelli ba molao, baetsi ba mananeo. Ho fapana le CapEx, litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso li ka fokotsoa ka botlalo ho tsoa lehlakoreng la lekeno la nako e itseng, e leng ka lebaka la tlhaho e tloaelehileng.

CAPEX le OPEX – phapang

Ha re nahana ka CAPEX le OPEX, phapang lipakeng tsa tsona ke e latelang:

1. Lipontšo tsa litšenyehelo . E le molao, litefo bakeng sa litšenyehelo tsa chelete e ngata li bolela chelete e ngata ha li bapisoa le OPEX.
2. Khafetsa ea litefo tse entsoeng . Ke habohlokoa ho utloisisa hore litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso li kenyelletsa ho fetisoa ha khoeli le khoeli, chelete e ngata – hang ka kotara, ka selemo.
3. Hlahisa tlalehong . Litšenyehelo tsa lichelete li fetisetsoa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ho theko ea thepa ‘me li kopitsoa karolong ea tekanyo ea “Capital and reserves”. Ka nako e ts’oanang, Opex e thathamisitsoe karolong ea Phaello le Tahlehelo.

Ho feta moo, liphapang li bonoa mehloling ea lichelete. Litšenyehelo tsa lichelete li tšehelitsoe ho tsoa ho capital capital, likalimo tse shebiloeng kapa matsete haholo-holo. Tabeng ea litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso, ho tsoa ho chelete e fumanoeng ka lebaka la phaello kapa kalimo ea ho tlatsa chelete ea ho sebetsa. https://articles.opexflow.com/investments/capex.htm

Hobaneng ho le bohlokoa hore motseteli a nahane ka OPEX

Beng ba k’hamphani efe kapa efe ba thahasella phokotso e kholo ea litšenyehelo molemong oa ho fokotsa lekhetho la phaello. Leha ho le joalo, motseteli o hloka ho tseba lintlha tse tšepahalang mabapi le chelete e kenang ea ts’ebetso. Ka hona, litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso ke tlhahlobo ea data ho latela litšenyehelo. Batseteli ba nahana ka mesebetsi ea k’hamphani mabapi le ho sekaseka karolo ea nako e khuts’oane ea lekeno le phello ea eona ho phaello ea kakaretso. Ka lebaka leo, ho fokotseha ha coefficient ka keketseho e ts’oanang ea melemo ea moruo ho bonts’a mokhoa o motle oa nts’etsopele ea khoebo. Ka hona, ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho ithuta lintlha tsa tlaleho ea tsamaiso le sehlomathiso sa tekanyo ea “Profit and Loss Statement”, e bontšang matšoao a sebele a chelete.

Mokhoa oa ho ithuta OPEX ea k’hamphani e itseng, moo u ka fumanang le hore na u batla eng

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso ke ho theha letšoao la kakaretso ka nako e le ‘ngoe le litekanyetso tsa kholo tse se nang tšusumetso e mpe ho nts’etsopele ea khoebo, ha ka nako e le’ ngoe e fihla boemong ba chelete ea ho sebetsa. Chelete eohle e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse latelang:

• karo-karolelano ea boholo ba thepa e hlahisoang le e rekisoang . Keketseho ea bokhoni ba tlhahiso le thekiso e tiisitsoe ho kenyelletsa keketseho ea litšenyehelo tse fapaneng, ha ho ntse ho fokotsa litšenyehelo;
• kakaretso ea nako ea ts’ebetso ke nako e fokolang, ha e khuts’oane, e fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho lefa likoloto tsa likoloto, ho boloka lihlahisoa, tahlehelo ea tlhaho ea lihlahisoa tse tala ka har’a k’hamphani;
• lipontšo tsa sebele tsa mosebetsi oa basebetsi . Sena se ama ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsa meputso;
• boemo ba ho theoha ha boleng ba thepa ea tlhahiso .

Ntle le moo, hoa hlokahala ho ela hloko lintlha tsa kantle, tseo hangata li bitsoang:

• sekhahla sa kholo ea litheko tsa lihlahisoa naheng;
• boemo ba sebele ba litaba ‘marakeng oa lehae oa thepa le litšebeletso tsa bareki;
• sekhahla sa keketseho ea rente ea khoeli le khoeli.

Ho boetse hoa hlokahala ho ela hloko keketseho ea litefiso tsa lekhetho, e leng ho kenyelletsang ho eketseha ha moroalo oa lichelete khoebong.

Mokhoa oa ho bala

Ho tseba boleng ba karolo ea chelete e kenang ea ts’ebetso, o hloka ho sebelisa foromo:
NH u003d VP – OR, eo ho eona

• VP – phaello e kholo;
• KAPA – litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa.

Phaello e akaretsang e kenyelletsa lekeno ntle le lekhetho la boleng bo ekelitsoeng (VAT). Litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa ha li kenyelle:

• phokotseho e teng – e kenyelelitsoe litšenyehelong tsa lichelete;
• e bokelletsoeng tsoala likalimong tse bulehileng.

Karolelano ea litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso e khethoa ke foromo:
Cor = OR / VPx100%. Boleng bo hlahisoang bo bonahatsa peresente ea sebele ea chelete e fumanoeng, e reretsoeng ho hlophisa ts’ebetso e tsitsitseng ea k’hamphani. Keketseho ea chelete e kenang e kenyelletsa phokotseho ea Cor le keketseho e ts’oanang ea phaello e felletseng. Sekhahla sa lekeno la ts’ebetso se bolela boemo ba phaello e bonts’ang karolo ea liperesente tse bonts’itsoeng ea lekeno la ts’ebetso le phaello ea k’hamphani. Boemo ba lichelete le botsitso ba khoebo ka kakaretso ka kotloloho bo itšetlehile ka GCD. Palo e etsoa ho ea ka foromo:
Nop = OD / VPx100, eo
OD e sebetsang ho eona, e fana ka phapang pakeng tsa chelete ea sebele le litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa.

Bohlokoa: Lekeno la ts’ebetso le melemo ea pele ho lekhetho ha se maikutlo a ts’oanang.

Ho felisa liphoso tse tloaelehileng, ho eletsoa ho etsa lipalo ka mohlala o itseng. Khampani e kopanela ho fana ka litšebeletso bakeng sa mokhatlo oa lipalangoang tsa thepa. Lintlha tsa pele:

• tefo ea ofisi (rente) – li-ruble tse limilione tse 1,275;
• tefiso ea ho paka tlas’a tumellano ea khiriso – li-ruble tse likete tse 637;
• ho reka likarolo tse ling tsa likoloi – li-ruble tse likete tse 450;
• meputso ea basebetsi ba hiriloeng – li-ruble tse limilione tse 6,45;
• ho fumana litšebeletso tsa banka – li-ruble tse likete tse 37,5;
• tefo ea puisano ea cellular – li-ruble tse likete tse 412,5;
• litšenyehelo tse ling – li-ruble tse likete tse 525;
• phaello e felletseng ke li-ruble tse limilione tse 12.

Palo e etsoa ka tsela e latelang: OD = 1.275 + 0.637 + 0.45 + 6.45 + 0.0375 + 0.4125 + 0.525 = li-ruble tse limilione tse 9,78. Ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse fumanoeng, coefficient e baloa: Kor = 9.78 / 12 = 81.5%. Tabeng ena, chelete ea chelete ea ho sebetsa ke: li-ruble tse limilione tse 21,78. (9.78 + 12). Tloaelo ke 18.4% (21.78/12). Ka hona, chelete e kenang ea ts’ebetso e behiloe ho 18.4% ea phaello e fumanehang. Ho latela lintlha tse fumanoeng, re ka bua ka kholiseho hore k’hamphani e tsamaisa 81.6% e setseng ho lefella litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso.

Reference: ts’ebetso ea ho fetola sekhahla sa chelete e khothaletsoa haholo ho latela ka kotloloho ho li-dynamics. Tabeng ea ho eketseha ha letšoao, re ka bua ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ka khōlo e potlakileng ea phaello ea khoebo e itseng.

Ho phaella moo, tekanyo ea chelete e kenang ka ho toba e itšetlehile ka boholo ba k’hamphani. Mohlala o ntseng o nahanoa, letšoao ha le eketsehe haholo, e leng ka lebaka la ho hloka monyetla oa ho ba teng ntle le litšenyehelo tsa ts’ebetso. Ka lebaka leo, litsebi li bontša hore lintlha tse tobileng tsa mosebetsi li nkoa e le ntho ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho nkoa nakong ea lipalo.