React.JS ya ma dummies oyambira, pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale polemba maloboti ogulitsa

Kodi React JS ya ma dummies oyambira ndi chiyani, ndi chiyani, maphunziro, kukhazikitsa, zolemba – momwe mungayikitsire ndikugwiritsa ntchito laibulale ya React JS polemba maloboti ogulitsa. Nthawi zambiri potsatsa ntchito kwa akatswiri apakompyuta, mutha kupeza chofunikira chomwe chimati muli ndi luso mulaibulale ya JavaScript. Inde, ndipo amayembekeza chidziwitso cha React osati kuchokera kwa opanga mapulogalamu, komanso kuchokera kwa opanga mapulogalamu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopititsa patsogolo malowa, osati mapangidwe akunja. Kodi laibulaleyi ndi laibulale yamtundu wanji, imapatsa mwayi wotani pantchito, ndipo woyambitsa amayamba kuzolowerana kuti? Tiyeni tione m’nkhani ino.

Laibulale ya JavaScript – Yankhani: ndi chiyani

React.JS ndi laibulale ya chinenero chodziwika bwino cha
JavaScript , chopangidwa ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti a Facebook pofuna kukonza ndi kuphweka njira yopangira chipolopolo chakunja cha masamba ndi mapulogalamu – mawonekedwe omwe wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito. Mbali yaikulu ya laibulale ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi limati. Chigawo ndi gawo la seti ya digito yomwe imayang’anira mawonekedwe a gawo lina la dongosolo lomwe likupangidwa.

Zindikirani! Zigawo zotere zimatha kukhala zisa.

Dziko ndi chopereka cha data yonse yokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ake. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo, tipeza mwatsatanetsatane komanso momveka bwino kuti ndi chiyani. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa zina mwazinthu zazikulu – kutumiza ku malo ochezera a pa intaneti, gawo lomwe lili ndi zambiri komanso kuwonetsa zithunzi. Chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi zigawo zing’onozing’ono, zomwe ndi zigawo zake. Mwachitsanzo, chofalitsidwacho chimakhala ndi mawu, zithunzi, dzina la munthu amene amafalitsa nkhanizo, ndi zina zotero. Mbali ya chithunzicho ili ndi zithunzi za munthu aliyense payekha, ndipo gawo lachidziŵitso lili ndi chidziŵitso chachidule.
Chilichonse mwa zigawozi (zigawo) zili ndi boma. Ndiko kuti, gawo lomwe lili ndi chidziwitso chonse lidzawoneka mosiyana pazida zosiyanasiyana, chinthu cha “monga” chimasintha mtundu chikanikizidwa ndi nambala yomwe imayang’anira kuchuluka kwa zokonda; chofalitsidwacho chingafupikitse mawuwo kapena kuwafalitsa mokwanira.

Chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha kwa React.JS kumawonetsedwa – gawo la mawonekedwe limalembedwa kamodzi, ndipo pambuyo pake limapatsidwa mayiko onse omwe angathe.

Chifukwa chiyani laibulale ya React ikufunika?

React.JS ndi imodzi mwazosankha zomwe mungathe kulemba JS kapena HTML code m’njira yabwino, kupanga makope ake ndikupangitsa kuti aziwoneka. Zomwe zili pano zalembedwa m’chinenero chapadera – JSX, chomwe chimaphatikizapo chinenero cha JavaScript ndi chinenero chokhazikika cha HTML.
Code yolembedwa mu JSX ndiyokhazikika. Ndikofunikiranso kuti msakatuli sayenera kumvetsetsa chilankhulo ichi – React.JS code imasamutsidwa ku JS, yomwe msakatuli aliyense amawona popanda vuto. Kuti muchite izi, zomwe zimapangidwa mulaibulale zimadutsa mwaopanga mwapadera (mmodzi mwa odziwika kwambiri masiku ano ndi Babel js), omwe amatembenuza ma code m’zilankhulo zosadziwika bwino kukhala mawonekedwe a JavaScript.
Poyamba zingawoneke kuti dongosolo logwiritsira ntchito ndilopanda nzeru kwambiri, koma patapita kanthawi mumazoloŵera ndipo mumazindikira chifukwa chake makinawo adapangidwa motere. Laibulale ya JavaScript ili ndi maubwino angapo amphamvu:

• Chilankhulo cha pulogalamu yadongosolo ndichosavuta kuzindikira kuposa JavaScript yodziwika bwino, chifukwa chake, zidzatenga nthawi yocheperako kangapo kuti zithandizire kachidindo ndikuchotsa zolakwika pa izo (liwiro lolemba ma code atsopano ndi mapulogalamu adzawonjezeka moyenerera);
• dongosolo losavuta komanso lothandiza la zinthu zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa pano – kubwereza magawo a code omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo osiyanasiyana olembera komanso m’mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, komanso kusintha kutengera zomwe zikuchitika;
• aliyense constituent element ndi wocheperapo chabe ku dziko lake , choncho n’kosavuta kukonza zolakwika mu code ngati cholakwika chapezeka mwadzidzidzi mu ntchito yake; mphindi zolakwika zimayandama pamwamba: chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino chidzapitilira kugwira ntchito mokhazikika munjira iyi, pokhapokha ngati, zowona, zitagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.

Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti laibulale ya React.JS ikhoza kusunga nthawi yochuluka, kupanga codeyo kukhala yodziwika bwino, kukonza ndondomekoyi mwadongosolo loyenera, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito midadada ikuluikulu. Zopindulitsa izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchepetsa mtengo wa ndondomeko yopangira malo ogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kufulumizitsa nthawi ya ndondomekoyi. Kukhala ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha JS ndi HTML, kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe ka JSX ndikosavuta – masiku owerengeka kuti adziwe bwino.

Zindikirani! Ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito laibulale pogwira ntchito ndi ntchito zazikulu, pamene kuli kofunikira kulemba masamba ambiri osinthika. Malo amalonda ang’onoang’ono safuna zovuta zoterezi.

Yatani maphunziro ofunikira a JS kuyambira A mpaka Z: https://youtu.be/GNrdg3PzpJQ

Kudziwa kwa oyamba kumene: mfundo zoyambira

Moni Dziko Lapansi!

Mukalowa patsamba loyamba la laibulale, wogwiritsa ntchito adzawona mutu wolandiridwa ngati chitsanzo chaching’ono – “Moni dziko!”.

Zofunikira za chilankhulo cha JSX system

JSX ndi chilankhulo cha pulogalamu, chowonjezera cha JavaScript yodziwika bwino. Zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza zilankhulo ziwiri – pulogalamu ya JA ndi chilankhulo chokhazikika cha HTML. Madivelopa amachigwiritsa ntchito kuti asinthe lingaliro kuti awonetse React ndendende momwe mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuwonekera. JSX imapanga “magawo” a laibulale.

Kodi JSX ndi chiyani?

Laibulale ya React imatsatira malingaliro akuti tanthauzo la kumasulira likugwirizana mwachindunji ndi malingaliro a mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito: momwe zochitika zimasinthidwira, momwe dziko limasinthira munthawi inayake, ndi momwe chidziwitso chimakonzedwera kuti chiwonetsedwe. Laibulale ya JS ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda chinenero chake, koma ambiri opanga amapeza kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kumveka kwake ndi konkriti pamene akugwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito opangidwa kuchokera ku JavaScript code. Kuphatikiza apo, kukulitsa kumapangitsa kuti React ikhale yosavuta kupanga mphindi zosavomerezeka ndi zidziwitso zolakwika.

Kupanga mawu m’chinenero cha dongosolo

JSX imakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mawu aliwonse olembedwa bwino a JavaScript mkati mwa zingwe zopindika.

JSX imakhalanso mawu Kachidindo kochokera ku bytecoded, mawu aliwonse a JSX amasanduka kuyimba kwa JS komwe kumayang’ana gulu la JavaScript. Kuchokera apa zitha kumveka kuti kukulitsa kachitidwe ka chilankhulo chovomerezeka kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa ngati buku komanso kwakanthawi.

JSX ndi Zinthu Zinthu zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi zowonjezera zimatchedwa React elements. Iwo amamveketsa zotsatira zomwe wopanga akufuna kuti awone pachiwonetsero. Laibulale imazindikira zinthuzi ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito popanga ndi kusunga Document Object Model.

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane

Tsatanetsatane ndi timiyala tating’ono tambiri timene timapanga mapulogalamu a React.
Tsatanetsatane ndi chithunzi chomwe wopanga akufuna kuwona kumapeto kwa polojekiti. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu za Document Object Model, zinthu za library ndizosavuta ndipo sizitenga zinthu zambiri. Maelementi ndi zigawo za zigawo.

Zigawo ndi Zothandizira

Zigawo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kugawa UI kukhala magawo odziyimira pawokha, omwe ndi osavuta kugwirira ntchito padera. Zitha kuphatikizidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo. Kwa mbali zambiri, magwiridwe antchito a zigawozo ndi ofanana ndi magwiridwe antchito a chilankhulo cha JavaScript chokha. Amatenga zambiri zolowa, zomwe zimatchedwa ma props, ndikubweza zinthu za React zomwe zikuwonetsa mtundu wachitukuko womwe wopanga akufuna kuwona pazowunikira.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zigawo: ntchito ndi kalasi

Ndizosavuta kutchula gawo la library ngati ntchito.
Zigawo zitha kuyimiridwanso mu mtundu wa ES6.

Zosangalatsa! Laibulale ya React imatanthawuza mitundu iwiriyi ya zigawo zofanana.

zida

Ma props ndi zinthu zosasinthika zomwe zimawerengedwa kokha. Choncho, chigawo chimodzi sichiyenera kulemba chilichonse kuzinthu zake, ziribe kanthu kuti ndi zamtundu wanji.

State ndi moyo kuzungulira

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito bwino boma kuntchito. Pali zinthu zitatu zofunika kuzidziwa za gawo ili:

1. Osasintha boma mwachindunji, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya setState. Kumbukirani kuti malo okhawo omwe mungasinthe boma mwachindunji ndi womanga.
2. Zosintha za boma sizingakhale zogwirizana.
3. Mayendedwe a chidziwitso ali ndi njira imodzi. Pakumanga chigawo, palibe amene amadziwa ngati boma laperekedwa ku gawo lina. Ziribe kanthu kuti izi kapena chinthu chodziyimira chokhacho chinapangidwa bwanji – pogwiritsa ntchito chida chogwira ntchito kapena chamagulu. Izi zimatchedwa “kutsika” kwa data. Dziko nthawi zonse limatanthauzidwa pa chinthu china, ndipo mayanjano a chigawo ichi angakhudze magawo omwe ali “pansipa” mu dongosolo la hierarchical.

Kawirikawiri, boma limatchedwa “local”, “internal”, kapena zobisika. Zimangowoneka kuzinthu zogwira ntchito zokha komanso zosawoneka kumadera ena a React. M’mapulogalamu a laibulale, kaya chinthu chodziyimira pawokha chimapatsidwa dziko linalake kapena ayi, ndi chitukuko chamkati cha gawo ili, chomwe chingasinthe pakapita nthawi. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti muntchito mutha kuphatikiza zigawo ndi popanda boma.

Kusanthula zochitika

Kachitidwe kakugawa zochitika mu zigawo za React ndizofanana ndi kasamalidwe ka zochitika muzinthu zachitsanzo. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawasiyanitsa wina ndi mzake:

1. Zochitika mulaibulale ya JavaScript zimatchulidwa mosiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira.
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito chinenero cha System Extended Programming Language, wopanga mapulogalamuwa amadutsa kachigawo kakang’ono ngati kasamalidwe ka zochitika m’malo mwa chingwe.

Kupereka zinthu movomerezeka

Laibulale ya JavaScript imapangitsa kuti zitheke kuphwanya malingaliro opanga zinthu kukhala zigawo zodziyimira pawokha. Zitha kuwonetsedwa kuti ziwonetsedwe wamba kapena zobisika, kutengera momwe adapatsidwa panthawiyo. Kupereka zinthu mosavomerezeka kumagwira ntchito mofanana ndi mawu okhazikika kutengera chilankhulo cha JavaScript. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti laibulale imafuna kufotokozera momwe boma limakhudzira kubisala kapena kutulutsa zinthu zina. Apa ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito wothandizira wa JS kapena mawu ofanana ndi if.

Kusintha Zida

Zinthu za library ya React zitha kuwonjezeredwa pazosintha. Ili ndi yankho lothandiza pamene chikhalidwe china chimasonyeza ngati gawo lina la chigawocho liyenera kukokedwa, kapena sizomveka, pamene gawo lonselo silinasinthe.

Lists ndi Keys

Gawoli lili ndi zigawo zingapo:

1. Kujambula zinthu zingapo . Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga zinthu zingapo ndikuziyika muchilankhulo cha pulogalamuyo pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopindika.
2. Mndandanda wazinthu zoyambira . Nthawi zambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito ndi opanga amasintha mndandanda mwachindunji mkati mwa gawo.

Makiyi

Kiyi mu laibulale ya React JavaScript imayimira chida chapadera chomwe chiyenera kulowetsedwa popanga mndandanda wazinthu. Makiyi amathandiza laibulale ya JavaScript kuzindikira zomwe zasinthidwa, kuwonjezeredwa, kapena kuchotsedwa. Ndikofunika kuziyika chizindikiro kuti React ikhoza kugwirizanitsa zigawo za deta yokhazikika pakapita nthawi.

Mafomu

Mu laibulale ya JS, zilankhulo zofananira za chilankhulo zimagwira ntchito mosiyana pang’ono ndi zigawo zachitsanzo cha chikalata, chifukwa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe poyamba amakhala obisika.

Zinthu Zoyendetsedwa

M’chinenero chokhazikika, mafomu monga kulowetsa, kusankha , textarea amakonda kusunga dziko lawo ndikusintha pamene wopanga alowetsa zatsopano. React.js state nthawi zonse imatanthauzira kufunikira kwa magawo olowetsa mu chinthu cholembedwa choyendetsedwa. Ngakhale izi zikuwonetsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kulemba pang’ono kuposa kachidindo koyambirira komwe adapatsidwa, tsopano ndizotheka kupereka mtengowu kumadera ena a mawonekedwe ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kukwera kwa boma

Kukweza boma ndi template yokhazikika yomwe wopanga aliyense ayenera kudziwa ndikutha kuyigwiritsa ntchito pogwira ntchito. Kuigwiritsa ntchito kudzathetsa zovuta komanso nthawi zambiri zopanda ntchito zoyendetsera boma.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera kukwera kwa boma?

Kukweza boma pamlingo wa zigawo zakale za magawo omwe amafunikira ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zonse zitha kutenga nawo gawo m’boma. Mlingo wokhazikika wa boma udzapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzigawa pakati pa zigawo zonse zomwe zimadalira.

Mapangidwe vs Cholowa

React.js imaphatikizapo chitsanzo champhamvu, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito njira yopangira zigawo zonse m’malo mwa cholowa kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito code yomwe inalembedwa kale pakati pa zinthu. Chifukwa chake, ma props ndi kuthekera kopanga gawo limodzi lathunthu kuchokera ku zigawo zamagulu, zimapatsa wopangayo kusinthasintha kofunikira kuti apange chipolopolo ndi machitidwe a chinthucho mwanjira inayake komanso yotetezeka.

Chikumbutso! Zigawo zamagulu zimatha kutenga zida zosagwirizana, kuphatikiza zida zoyambira zomwe zimapanga malaibulale kapena ntchito.

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe opanda mawonekedwe kuti mugwire ntchito ndi zigawo kachiwiri kapena kachitatu, tulutsani mu gawo lina la JS. Isunthireni mu gawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapangidwa popanda kukulitsa kwina. React kapena Vue kapena Angular, zomwe mungasankhe: https://youtu.be/Nm8GpLCAgwk

Mfundo za React.js

Malingaliro onse a laibulale ya JavaScript amabisika mu kalozera wa React. Zikuwoneka kuti izi ndizotalika komanso sizofunika kwambiri, komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amanena kuti atatha kuwerenga zonse zinagwera. Zolembazo ndi zakale kwambiri, komabe zimakhala zamtengo wapatali komanso zofunikira –
https://ru.reactjs.org/docs/thinking-in-react.html . Phunzirani za js https://ru.reactjs.org/tutorial/tutorial.html

Kugwira ntchito kwa laibulale ya React.js

Pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale ya JavaScript, wogwiritsa ntchito amapeza mwayi wopereka chidwi chake chonse mwachindunji ku ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha UI ndi zigawo za ntchitoyo, osachepera onse akusokonezedwa ndi mapangidwe ndi zofooka zomwe zingatheke za code yolembedwa. Laibulale imakupatsani mwayi wopanga mapulogalamu mwachangu, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza ndikusintha zigawo ndi ndondomeko ya polojekiti yonse. Chifukwa chake, React.js ili ndi zinthu zomwe zimayang’anira kulumikizana kwapadziko lonse lapansi, UI, kuwongolera boma la pulogalamu komanso kuthekera kothana ndi zovuta zina. Laibulale ilinso ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Kuchita . React.js ikupezeka mumtundu wa minified. Phukusi lophatikizanali siliyenera kukonzedwa bwino. Ilinso ndi gawo logawanitsa ma code omwe amachepetsa nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti mutsegule tsamba la osatsegula, popeza njirayi imalepheretsa kuti zigawo zisamaperekedwe nthawi yomweyo.
2. Pumped ecosystem ndi kutsata . Zida zambiri zimapezeka mulaibulale, zothandizidwa ndi malo ena, zomwe zimalola wogwiritsa ntchito kupanga mapulogalamu ovuta pazifukwa zilizonse.
3. Kugwira ntchito kwathunthu . Ubwino waukulu wa laibulale ya JavaScript ndikuti matembenuzidwe onse atsopano a pulatifomu amakwaniritsa zofunikira zakale, kotero mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zakale komanso zosinthidwa, zonse zimathandizidwa ndipo ndizofunika mpaka pano. Zomasulira zomwe zidatulutsidwa kale sizitha ntchito pambuyo pa zosintha zaposachedwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera

Patsamba lalikulu la laibulale, mu malangizo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, pali zitsanzo zingapo zogwiritsa ntchito React pochita. Mutha kuwongolera pamanja ndikuyesa kuyendetsa. Ngakhale mutakhala wogwiritsa ntchito watsopano ndipo simukumvetsetsa tanthauzo la laibulale, sinthani kachidindo momwe mukufunira ndikuwona zotsatira zake.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa React polemba maloboti ogulitsa mu JavaScript

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti wopanga mapulogalamu sapanga JS, koma amalemba zolemba (zolemba). choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale, wokonza mapulogalamu akhoza kulemba kachidindo kwa robot yotsatira yogulitsa malonda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamalonda, komanso apitirize kupanga maonekedwe ake pogwiritsa ntchito nsanjayi. Ndipotu, robot yogulitsa malonda ndi ntchito, yomwe ambiri akupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito React.js. Komabe, ntchito zina ndi gawo lamkati la bot lidzayenera kuchitidwa pamasamba ena omwe amapereka zida zoyenera izi.

GitHub ndi React.js

GitHub ndi nsanja yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yonse yama projekiti. Wogwiritsa ntchito amalumikiza kuchititsa, amadutsa njira yolembetsa patsamba lovomerezeka la GitHub, kenako ndikupanga malo osungira pa intaneti pomwe amasamutsa mafayilo onse kuchokera ku Git.
Git ndiye ntchito yotchuka kwambiri komanso yofunikira yowongolera ma projekiti masiku ano, ndipo GitHub ndi malo akutali.

Buku! Ogwiritsa ntchito okhawo omwe adalandira ulalo woyenera ndi chilolezo omwe ali ndi mwayi wosintha ndikutsitsa mafayilo.

Zolemba

Maphunziro onse ndi zida zamakono zokhudzana ndi laibulale ya JavaScript ndi zaposachedwa ndi zosintha zaposachedwa. Madivelopa amaphatikizanso ndikuyika kuti muwerenge zolemba zakale, zoyikidwa patsamba lina la library. Choncho, zidzakhala zosavuta kwa oyamba kumene kuti adziwe luso la kasamalidwe ka malo: zonse zakale ndi zatsopano – chirichonse chiri pano, kupeza ndi kwaulere kwa aliyense.

Zindikirani! Osayiwala kuwerenga zolemba. Osachepera yang’anani – kale zambiri zomwe zimawoneka zosamvetsetseka zidzagwera m’malo.

Laibulale ya React ndi nsanja yotchuka komanso yofunikira masiku ano. Kusinthasintha kwake kumathandizira opanga kupanga mapulojekiti abwinoko komanso munthawi yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwa nsanja komanso kukhala ndi luso loigwiritsa ntchito kumapangitsa katswiri kukhala wofunika kwambiri pamsika wantchito.